ʻO ka hoahānau o ka nūnū kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi hoahānau ke kaena i nā kala ʻōlinolino a me ke aloha no nā kānaka. Manu Klintukh - kahi kamaaina o nā wahi lāʻau mamao, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi i ka ʻohana nūnū.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka helehelena o ka klintukh he like loa me ka helehelena o ka manu nūnū, a ka poʻe āpau e ʻike ai i kona kū mau ʻana i nā pā kūlanakauhale, nā pā, nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o nā lunamaka maʻamau o nā laha, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka manu nūnū - lōʻihi ke kino a hiki i 36 knm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 300 g, ʻēheu ma kahi o 70 cm.
ʻAʻole like me kāna congener, he poʻo nui aʻe ko ka clintuch a he huelo pōkole. I kahi moʻo o nā nūnū kūwaho like, cisar, Eurasian nūnū lāʻau a me klintukh hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia kekahi i kekahi. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻekolu e ka plumage hina-polū, kahi keleawe keleawe ma ka ʻāʻī.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Klintukha e ka monotony kala, kahi i hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ʻia e nā kaha ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā ʻeheu. ʻO ka hulu lele a me ka lihi o ka huelo ʻoi aku ka pouli. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka manu mai lalo, a laila ʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao huli o ka ʻēheu ma ke ʻano he kēpau i ka malu, ʻane like ka ʻōpū me ke kala. ʻAʻohe mau kukuna māmā, e like me ka manu nūnū, i ka manu nūnū. ʻAʻohe hoʻololi o ke kala i nā kau.
ʻUlaʻula ka nuku, melemele i ka hopena. ʻEleʻele nā maka, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. I nā manu makua, ʻulaʻula nā wāwae, i nā ʻōpio, ʻāhinahina hina nā wāwae. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine he paʻakikī. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine e ka nuku ʻeleʻele a me ka plumage, ʻo ia ka hapalua o nā leo i ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio e ko lākou kala brownish. ʻAʻohe o lākou sheen metallic ma ko lākou ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole aʻo iki ʻia ka molt o nā manu. Akā kokoke ka hoʻolālā maʻamau i nā nūnū o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - kahi loli piha o ka lole i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. ʻEleu ka lele o nā nūnū ulu lāʻau. I ka lele ʻana, lohe ʻia kahi ʻio ʻoi o nā ʻeheu, e like me ka nūnū nūnū.
Mālama nui ka manu o ka nahele, peʻe i nā kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau i kēlā me kēia pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me klintukh ma nā ululāʻau o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ma ke komohana ʻākau o ʻApelika. Hōʻalo i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I Lūkia, hoʻolaha ʻia ka clintuch ma loko o ka ululāʻau, kahi ulu lāʻau. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā Ural, Siberia Komohana, ʻaʻole ma laila ka clintuch.
Aia i ka nohona, alakaʻi ka manu i kahi nohona noho a i ʻole ka nohona neʻe. Hoʻonui ka helu o nā manu neʻe i nā wahi ʻākau o ka pae. Hoʻolilo ʻo ia i nā wahi hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ka Hikina Waena. Ma nā mokulele no ka hoʻonanea, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi hiki ʻole i ka hapa nui o nā mea hōkai, e hōʻike ana i ka akahele kūlohelohe.
Hana mālie ʻo Klintukh, inconspicuous, malu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kāna cooing lōʻihi me kahi ʻano repetition o nā kani muffled. Noho mālie leo a klintukh hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka hohonu o ke kalaunu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu ponoʻī.
Ke emi nei ka nui o nā nūnū ulu lāʻau. Ma waho aʻe o nā kumu maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, aia nā kumu i nā hana a ke kanaka, kahi e hōʻalo ai nā manu i ka launa ʻole ʻana, ʻokoʻa ka ʻohana pili kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ka noho kūlanakauhale o nā panalāʻau e pili ana i nā wahi noho, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā māla, a me nā mea e kapu ana i ka lūlū ʻana i nā mea kanu palaoa e hoʻopalai ai i ka pūnana manu ʻana o nā manu. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā kumu hollow kahiko, i nā lāʻau lime kikoʻī, alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka heluna clintuch.
Nā ʻano
Klintukh subspecies ʻike ʻia e ko lākou wahi noho ma ka hikina a me ke komohana o ka pae. Noho kūmau nā manu komohana, neʻe nā manu hikina. ʻO nā manu noho mau pinepine, ma ka hoʻohui i nā biotopes kuʻuna, hoʻokokoke i kahi noho o ke kanaka i nā wahi noho, ke kālele ʻana i nā wahi waiho waʻa, nā wahi pūnana hana, nā pāka kahiko, a me nā hale o nā hale haʻalele.
Haʻalele nā nūnū ulu i ko lākou wahi noho no ka wā hoʻoilo mai ka hopena o ʻAukake, e hele ana i ke kahakai kai ʻEleʻele, a i Sepania, Palani. Hoʻi lākou ma kahi o ka waena o Malaki.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka heluna hikina e ka plumage māmā, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā nūnū Migratory kahi noho maʻamau o ka nahele e pale i nā wahi noho kanaka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
No kahi ola ʻoluʻolu clintuch koho i nā ululāʻau ākea me nā lau nahele, nā aniani, a me nā wahi o ke kua ʻana. ʻO ka kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau deciduous ma waho o nā mahina ʻai a me nā alanui e nani no nā manu. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ʻo Clintuchs i nā wahi o nā ululāʻau mau, ʻoiai ʻo nā wahi hānai nui e pili ana i kahi ākea me nā wahi ākea.
ʻO ka noho ʻana i nā wahi mauna ka mea ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka lula. ʻIke ʻia ʻike ʻia nā clintuchs ma nā Kuahiwi Atlas ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2300 m, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā wahi pālahalaha me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā kumu hollow kahiko kahi mea nui no ka nohona manu. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano o ka nahele - i ka lāʻau ʻoka, spruce, birch, sedge, beech, nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka clintuha nahele.
ʻO kēia wale nō ka nūnū e koho ana i nā lua nui no ka pūnana. Haʻalele nā lāʻau kahiko i nā manu e haʻalele i ko lākou wahi mau, noho i nā kahawai, nā lua ma nā kahakai kahakai, a ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā ululāʻau kahawai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻohe ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā ʻohana hipa nui, koe wale nō i ka wā lele. Mālama mau lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi o 5-7 mau kānaka. ʻAʻole pili ka neʻe ʻana o nā manu i kekahi ʻoihana hakakā. E hemo pigeon clintuch hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka waena o ʻAukake.
A hiki i ʻOkakopa, haʻalele nā ʻohana manu liʻiliʻi i nā wahi pūnana. ʻAʻole lākou i hana i nā pūʻulu neʻe nui, hiki iā lākou ke lele pālua a i ʻole mele. Ma ke ala, noho nā manu i ka pō i nā wahi me ka nānā maikaʻi, mai iho i lalo i ka honua, makemake i nā kumulāʻau me ka lei aliʻi.
Noho nā Sentinels i nā wahi ma ke poʻo o nā kumu. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hoʻopuehu lākou i ka walaʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Inā ma ke ala ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa kahi kūpono i ka nahele, hiki iā lākou ke moe i ka pō ma kahi puʻu kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā wahi o ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoinu ʻana, hui pinepine ka klintuhi me nā nūnū wahie, nā kuhukukū, nā manu nūnū a me nā nūnū ʻeleʻele, e hana ana i nā ʻohana hui.
I ke kūlohelohe, he nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka nūnū ulu lāʻau. ʻO kahi pilikia nui ka predation o ka marten luku-pūnana. Ma waena o nā manu, ʻo ka goshawk, ka sparrowhawk, a me ka falcon peregrine e ʻimi nei i nā klintukhs.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o ka klintukh he mau manu koraka a me nā moʻo, ke komo nei i ka wahi pūnana, ka pueo i uhi ʻia. Lilo ka manu nūnū nahele i nā mea kūpaka i nā manawa o ka neʻe ʻana, ke mālama lākou i nā holoholona. ʻO nā kānaka mehameha, ma muli o ka maneuverability o ka lele a me ke akahele maoli, ʻaʻole e lilo i ka ʻenemi.
Hōʻike nui ʻia ka hana Clintuch i ke ao. I ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, hana nā manu i ka hānai ʻana i nā kula ākea, i nā kula, i nā hola wela e peʻe ai lākou i ka nahele. ʻAʻole lele lōʻihi lākou mai nā pūnana. Koho ʻia nā ʻāpana hāmama o nā kahawai a me nā waihona wai ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoinu wai.
Mālama lākou i ka launa leo leo ʻole me kekahi e ka cooing, i lohe ʻia i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. Piʻi lākou no ka pō i ka wā ahiahi, e kau ana ma nā lālā a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli.
Meaʻai kūpono
Aia ka papaʻai a Klintukh i nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai holoholona. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole: 29 mau ʻano hihiu a me 8 ʻano o nā mea kanu mahiʻai. Ma waena o nā hānai i aʻo ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā mea aʻe e ke alapine o ka ʻai ʻana.
- palaoa, pī piʻo, ʻāhi huluhulu;
- peas leaf-peved, peur, tausani poʻo, buckwheat, millet, rai;
- nā līlū, nā palaoa, nā hua ʻāhiu, nā ʻākala, nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea ulu hihiu.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ka manu i nā mea kanu i kanu i ka ulu ma ka puna, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, kākoʻo pinepine nā ʻano hihiu i nā manu, keu hoʻi i ka hāʻule, ke hakahaka nā māla mahiʻai. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā nati beech, nā hua paina, nā mea kanu lau nahele - quinoa, sorrel.
Lawe nā manu i ka meaʻai mai ka honua, mai huki i nā mea kanu, kū i nā pepeiao, ʻaʻole komo i nā puʻu ʻohiʻohi kū i ke kula. ʻO nā hua palaoa i ʻeli ʻia e kū ana i kahi kūʻokoʻa maoli no nā manu.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka papaʻai ka meaʻai holoholona. Kū ka pono no ia i ka puna, ma ka hapanui i nā wahine i ka wā hānau. Nui nā mea kolo, wai, nā mollusk terrestrial, larvae, pupae o nā butterflies i lilo i meaʻai.
No ka wili ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻohi nā manu i nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi. Kōkua nā Gastroliths i ke kūpale ʻana i ka huhū, hoʻonui ka nui o kā lākou helu i nā ʻōpū o nā manu me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela. I ka wā hoʻoilo ola ʻo clintuch ʻaʻole mamao loa mai nā pāheʻe waiwaliwali, mālama ʻia ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai kokoke.
Hoʻololi nā ʻano meaʻai o nā clintuchs mai kahi nohona. I loko o nā ʻōpū o nā manu like ʻole, loaʻa ke kino laiki, nā ʻanoʻano o ke kulina, pua pua pua, nā ʻili o nā larvae, a me nā legume. Wahi a ka noiʻi, ʻai ka clintuh mai 8 a 28 g o ka hānai no kēlā me kēia hānai, a hiki i ka 9.5% o kona kaupaona ponoʻī.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi i mau pālua, a hoʻomaka lākou i ka pūnana i ka mua o ʻApelila. Lawe ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka pūnaewele e nā kāne e ʻike i kahi hollow kūpono, kahi ʻaoʻao ma mua a ma hope paha o ka pālua ʻana.
Inā lawa nā wahi pūnana, a laila hana nā clintuchs i nā kolone holoʻokoʻa, kahi e mālama pono ai kekahi i kekahi. Kipaku kolohe ʻia nā manu ʻē mai kā lākou mau pūnaewele, e pā ana me ko lākou nuku, nā ʻēheu o ka hoʻouka kaua.
Lohe ʻia ka male ʻana o nā kāne i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. Pehu ka goiter o ka manu, a haʻalulu poʻo poʻo e hana ʻia. Hoʻokomo hou ʻia ke mele a 20 mau manawa. ʻO Klintukh i ke kiʻi i ka wā hānau, hōʻike pinepine ʻia me ka huelo fluffy, hohola i nā ʻeheu.
Ke hoʻolālā nei ka manu i kahi ākea. Inā nalowale ke kiʻekiʻe, hana ka clintuch i nā ʻūlili ʻoi a hoʻomau i ke heʻe a hiki i ka lāʻau aʻe. Noho ʻo ia ma nā lālā kiʻekiʻe, nā coo, a laila lele hou i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mokulele o kēia manawa kahi ʻano hōʻike, neʻe aku nā manu mai ka pūnaewele pūnana a 500-800 m, akā i kekahi manawa no kahi mamao aku, a i 2 km. Ma hope o ka hoihoi o ka wahine, kū nā flight. Hoʻokumu ka wahine i ka pūnana i loko o ka hollow, a lawe mai ke kāne i nā mea e pono ai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lau maloʻo, nā lālā lahilahi, a me nā limu. Lawe ʻia i 6-10 mau lā e kūkulu i ka uhi i kahi lua.
I loko o kahi paʻa paʻa he mau hua he 1-2, a kau ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ka huna lāʻau o ka lua. I ke kauwela kau, mālama nā manu i kahi hanauna hou o nā moa 2-4 mau manawa, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ka wā.
Kū ka Incubation i nā lā 18, komo nā hoa ʻelua i loko. ʻAʻole kōkua ka moa hake a pono e hoʻomehana. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, haʻalele ka wahine i nā moa wale no ka lā, akā hoʻi i ka pō e noho pū me ka pō.
Mai ka 4-6 mau lā e hoʻomaka ai ka ulu hulu, kahi e pau ai i hoʻokahi mahina. Pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻana. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pono nā ʻōpala i ka meaʻai 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā, ma hope o hoʻokahi pule ua hoʻololi lākou i 2 mau meaʻai i ka lā. I ka lā 25-27, haʻalele ka moa i ka pūnana, akā no hoʻokahi pule aia lākou kokoke i ka lua, kahi e hānai ai ko lākou mau mākua iā lākou.
Hoʻohui nā ʻōpio i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai na lākou iho. ʻO ke ola o nā manu i ke kūlohelohe he 3-4 mau makahiki wale nō. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka noho ʻana o nā manu i nā kūlana palekana e hoʻonui nui i ka manawa e 2-3 mau manawa. ʻO ka hoihoi i nā nūnū ulu e ʻae iā lākou e mālama a mālama i ko lākou lehulehu.
