ʻO Leptospirosis kahi maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia e ka World Health Organization i loko o ka mahele o nā maʻi zooanthropose weliweli. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā holoholona maʻi a make ka hapakolu o nā kānaka maʻi.
Leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio ʻike pinepine ʻia ma mua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ke alakaʻi ia i ka hana maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino, ka mea nui o nā kīʻaha koko, ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa. ʻOiai i ka manawa kūpono, ʻaʻole hōʻoia ka hana i ka hopena maikaʻi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi
Hiki i nā māmela he nui ke maʻi i ka leptospirosis a i mea lawe i ka maʻi. Kūpono loa nāʻiole a me nāʻiole i kēia ʻano. I ka manawa e maʻi ʻia, lilo lākou i mea hoʻolaha o kēia maʻi no ke ola. Ua hele a maʻi ke kanaka ma o ka meaʻai, ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka launa ʻana me nā ʻīlio maʻi a i hōʻea hou ʻia mai paha.
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i nā tubules epithelial renal, ikaika loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hunaola bacteria. Ma muli o ka maʻi, make nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, hoʻomaka ka anemia. Hoʻopili ka bilirubin pigment - hōʻino ka maʻi i nā hunaola ate, hele i ke kahua icteric. ʻO kahi holoholona i loaʻa ʻole nā lāʻau e hakakā ai i ka maʻi e make i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hakuʻala.
ʻEliology
Ua ʻike ʻia a wehewehe ʻia nā mea hoʻomohala o ka leptospirosis e nā mea kālaimeaola Kepanī i ka makahiki 1914. I ka mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he spirochetes; hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, i ka papa o nā spirochetes, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻohana kūʻokoʻa ʻo Leptospiraceae a me ka genus Leptospira na lākou.
Loaʻa i nā bacteria Pathogenic kahi kino lōʻihi elongated, wili ʻia i kahi wili. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā wēlau o ke kino e like me ka huapalapala "C". Aia ka lōʻihi i ka laulā o 6-20 µm, ka mānoanoa he 0.1 µm. Hāʻawi ka neʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui microscopic i ka dispersal wikiwiki i ke kino ma hope o ka maʻi.
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano bacteria Leptospira. ʻAʻole weliweli nā mea āpau i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. I kekahi manawa hana kolohe ʻo leptospira: ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeha i ke olakino o kā lākou mau halihali, akā ke komo lākou i ke kino o kekahi holoholona a kanaka ʻē aʻe, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou kumu pathogenic.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi i nā ʻīlio e nā ʻano ʻelua: Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae a me Leptospira canicolau. Noho mau ke koʻohune ke komo i kahi i waho. I nā loko iʻa, nā puddles, i ka lepo lepo, hiki iā lākou ke noho no kekahi mau mahina.
ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i kahi ʻīlio ke maʻi i ka leptospirosis ma hope o ka inu ʻana a ʻauʻau ʻana paha i ka loko iʻa i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
ʻO Rodents nā mea lawe nui o ka Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae ʻano. Hiki i kekahi ʻīlio ke maʻi ma o ka pili ʻana me ka wai i loaʻa i ka mimi rodent, a i ʻole ma o ka ʻiole i hopu ʻia a me nāʻiole. ʻO Leptospirosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia ʻano bacteria i aneane e hoʻohiki ʻia e alakaʻi i ka jaundice.
Nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis i kahi ʻīlio hoʻomohala lohi. Piʻi ka mahana o ka holoholona. Inu mau ka ʻīlio a me ka mimi pinepine. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ulcer i kona waha, ma kona alelo. Hoʻomaka ka diarrhea me ke koko a me ka luaʻi, e hōʻike iā jaundice iā ia iho. Kūleʻa ka ʻīlio, ʻike ʻia he ʻeha ia i loko o ka ʻeha o loko.
ʻO Leptospirosis ka mea i hana ʻia e ka Leptospira canicolau ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻano mua i ka papa haʻahaʻa, i ka nalowale a i ʻole nāwaliwali o ka jaundice. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻouka ka maʻi bacteria ma o ka mimi o nā ʻīlio maʻi a i hōʻea hou ʻia mai paha.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
Hiki i nā ʻīlio olakino ke lilo i maʻi leptospirosis e ka inu ʻana i ka wai mai nā puddles, e ʻohiʻohi ana i ka meaʻai mai ka honua. ʻO ka launa ʻana me nā mea a nā holoholona maʻi i waiho ai i ka lawai a i ʻole ka mimi hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā loko a me nā loko iʻa hoʻoweliweli i ka neʻe ʻana o Leptospira mai ka wai i loko o ke kino o ka ʻīlio. ʻAʻole kāpae ka poʻe kauka holoholona i ka hiki ʻana o ka maʻi ma o nā ʻākau lele a me nā tick.
Hoʻopili ka maʻi i loko o nā membrane mucous i hōʻino ʻia, ulcer o kēlā me kēia ʻano ma ke kino a i ʻole i ka gastrointestinal tract. ʻAʻole kāpae ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ka moekolohe a me ka maʻi ma o ka ʻōnaehana hanu. Aia lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē iā canine leptospirosis, akā ʻaʻole lākou e pale a puni i ka hiki i ka hoʻouka kaua.
ʻOi aku ka maʻi o nā ʻīlio me nā ʻōnaehana pale maʻi hōʻino inā mālama ʻia lākou i ka lehulehu, nā kūlana kūpono ʻole. Pinepine nā holoholona hele hewa, ʻai pono ʻole i ka meaʻai, i ka launa pū ʻana me nā koʻokoʻo. ʻOi aku ka maʻi o nā ʻīlio kuaaina ma mua o nā ʻīlio kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he 2 pae: bacteremic a ʻona. I ka pae mua, komo ka leptospira i ke kahe o ke koko, hoʻonui a pāhola i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe, komo i ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa a me nā lālā parenchymal ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pae ʻelua e ka lysis (palaho) o leptospira me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o endotoxins. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o nā toxins nā pūnaewele epithelial vascular. ʻO ka hopena, hōʻino ʻia ka kūpaʻa o nā capillaries. Hoʻomaka ke kahe kūloko, ʻano o ka leptospirosis.
ʻO nā toxins i hūnā ʻia e leptospira e luku i nā moku liʻiliʻi o nā mea kūloko. I nā puʻupaʻa, ʻike ʻia nā wahi o ka nekrosis, hoʻomaka ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa momona i ke ake, hiki i nā hemorrhages i ka pākī. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka jaundice.
ʻO nā membrane mucous melemele o ka waha a me nā maka e hōʻike i ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana, hoʻomaka kahi ʻīlio maʻi me ka mimi a me ka saliva e hoʻolaha i ka leptospira, a lilo i kumu no ka maʻi. ʻO ke kaʻawale ʻana o nā koʻohune pathogenic hiki ke hala i mau pule he mau makahiki a mau paha ma hope o ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o ka holoholona. No laila, pono e kaʻawale ka ʻīlio.
Ke mālama nei i nā ʻīlio maʻi a me nā ʻīlio pono, pono e makaʻala: hoʻohana i nā mīkina lima, nā mea disinfect, nā pono hana i loaʻa i ke koko, nā huna ʻīlio. Pono ka mea nāna ka holoholona e nānā i kāna kūlana ponoʻī. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ʻoe, e nīnau i ke kauka.
Nā ʻōuli a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
Hoʻoemi i ka hana, wikiwiki luhi, hoʻemi i ka makemake - ka mea mua nā ʻōuli o leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio... Inā ukali ʻia kēia e kahi make wai ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi, hoʻonui i ka hanu ʻana, kahi piʻi o ka mahana - pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i kāu kauka holoholona.
Ma hope o 2-5 mau lā, hōʻike ka leptospirosis i kāna mau hōʻailona kikoʻī: ke kuni, ka maʻi diarrhea a me ka luaʻi o ke koko. Hoʻohui ʻia iā lākou nā necrosis o nā wahi o ka membrane mucous, ka urination pinepine, ke ʻano o nā ulcer i ka waha o ka ʻīlio.
Nui nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis, ʻaʻole paha aia lākou āpau i kahi kanaka maʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, maʻalea nā ʻōuli. ʻO kahi hoʻokolokolo e kahi kauka holoholona, hiki i nā hoʻokolohua hale hana ke hāʻawi i kahi pane e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hana infectious.
Leptospirosis hiki ke hoʻomohala e like me nā hanana:
- huna,
- mau,
- huʻi.
Me kahi huna, ʻano latent o ka maʻi, piʻi iki ka mahana. Hoemi ka hana a ka ʻīlio, hoʻomāhuahua ka makemake. Ma hope o 2-3 mau lā, nalowale nā ʻōuli. ʻIke ke ʻīlio. Akā pono nā hoʻokolohua laboratory no ke kū ʻana o nā bacteria Leptospira no ka lāʻau antibiotic.
He mea liʻiliʻi loa, lawe ka maʻi i kahi ʻano palaualelo. ʻO kāna mau hōʻailona e hoʻonui iki i ka mahana, kahi hoʻonui i nā lymph node i ke aʻa a ma lalo o ka iwi ā. Hōʻeleʻele ka mimi, ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke lahilahi ke kapa ma ke kua. Lilo ka ʻīlio i mea hilahila, ʻaʻole hoʻomanawanui i nā kukui uila. Hānau ka hānau o ia holoholona.
ʻO nā ʻīlio ʻōpio pinepine ka maʻi nui. Maopopo i ka hana a ka ʻīlio ke ʻeha nui nei ia. Piʻi kona mahana i 41.5 ° C. Pouli ka mimi, ulu ka pehu me ke kū o ke koko. Lena melemele nā papa mucous. I kekahi mau hihia, ulu koke ka maʻi, hiki ke denouement i loko o 2-3 mau lā.
Hiki i nā latent, mau, nā hanana huʻihuʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi i nā ʻano ʻelua: hemorrhagic (kahe ana ke koko, anicteric) a me ka icteric. He nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻokoʻa, akā ʻano like lākou no nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano makahiki like ʻole.
ʻO ke ʻano hemorrhagic o leptospirosis
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ke kahe ʻana o ka membrane mucous kūwaho a me loko. Loaʻa kēia i ka hopena o endotoxins ma nā paia o nā moku liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā holoholona e ʻeha nei i ka leptospirosis e hiki ke make. ʻO ka hopena e pili ana i ka hanana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi concomitant a me ka ikaika o ka papa o ka maʻi. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi o ka palapala, ka liʻiliʻi o nā manawa o ka hoʻōla.
I kekahi mau hihia, lawe nā ʻōuli i kahi ʻano "blurry": huli iki ka maʻi i ʻano palaualelo. Noho paʻa ʻole ka ʻīlio, ʻo nā ʻōuli kikoʻī o ka leptospirosis e emi iho ana. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole mau pule, hoʻi mai nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi. Hele ka maʻi i ka nalu.
Ma kahi o ke kolu o ka lā, hoʻomaka ke kahe o ka membrane mucous, me nā mea o loko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma ke kū ʻana o nā huʻa koko i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻīlio. Hiki i ka mahana ke moemoeā, pani hakahaka e ka constipation. Ke hōʻino nei ke kūlana maʻamau o ka holoholona. Make ka ʻīlio me ka mālama ʻole ʻia.
Ke ʻano Icteric o leptospirosis
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēia palapala. Leptospirosis o nā ʻīlio i ke kiʻi, me kēia hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hanana, ʻike ʻia ia e ke kala ʻana o nā ʻili a me nā ʻili i nā aka melemele. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka hiki ʻole o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe. Hiki ke noho pū ka hemorrhage a me ka jaundice.
Ma waho o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bilirubin i ke koko, aia ka edema o ke akepaʻa, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka make ʻana o ka parenchyma, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā erythrocytes. ʻAʻole alakaʻi pinepine ka jaundice nui i ka hana hepatic koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa pinepine ʻole ka hōʻino kīnā ʻole.
Nā Diagnostics
ʻO Anamnesis, nā hōʻailona e hiki ai ke hōʻoia me ka hilinaʻi. Akā he kuleana nui ka noiʻi ʻana o ka hale hana hale noiʻi. ʻO ke ʻano hana maʻa mau ka loiloi serological. Me ke kōkua o kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano leptospira pathogenic āpau.
Ma waho o nā ala kuʻuna, kēia manawa Ka Ikepili no ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio nā 2 mau hoʻāʻo:
- fluorescence antibody a me ka antigen ho'āʻo,
- ka hopena polymerase chain (hoʻonui ʻana i nā mole o DNA).
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kiʻina e nānā i ka mimi o kahi holoholona maʻi a me nā laʻana kiko. Ke lawe nei i nā laʻana a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kānana, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i hala kekahi mau lā mai ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi i ke ʻano o leptospira i ka mimi. ʻO kahi kumu ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻike he laʻana kikoola biopsy.
ʻO ka hopena Polymerase chain he ala hou ia o ka hoʻonui ʻana (amplification) o nā mole o DNA, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e ʻike hilinaʻi i ke ʻano o ka maʻi o ka maʻi. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ke alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻohoka wahaheʻe inā haumia nā laʻana i lawe ʻia no ka loiloi. He hou loa ke ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo mau ʻia i loko o ka arsenal diagnostical o nā hale lāʻau lāʻau.
Lapaʻau
ʻOiai i hoʻomaka i ka manawa ka mālama ʻana i ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio ʻaʻole hoʻohiki i kahi hopena maikaʻi. Hoola ʻia kekahi mau holoholona, make kekahi, a ʻeha paha kekahi i ke ola mai nā hopena o ka maʻi.
Hoʻoholo ʻo Leptospirosis therapy i kekahi mau pilikia:
- ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻākena causative o ka maʻi ʻo Leptospira i loko o ke kino;
- Ka hana maʻamau o ka hana o ke kino o ka holoholona, me ka hemo ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka ona;
- e hoʻonui ana i ka hiki ʻole o ka holoholona.
Ma hope koke o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kuhi, hoʻomaka ka detoxification o ke kino i mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā bacteria a me nā toxins i hana ʻia e lākou. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka mālama ʻana he antibiotic. Hoʻo wikiwiki ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ate a me nā puʻupaʻa a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka huna mimi.
Wehe nā Antibiotics i nā koʻohune mai nā puʻupaʻa. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka leptospira e laha i ka mimi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻōla paʻakikī e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa, nā kīʻaha koko, ka puʻuwai: nā hepatoprotector, nā wikamina, nā papaʻai, nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi naʻau.
He paʻakikī loa e hoʻokō i kahi hōʻola piha o kahi ʻīlio mai leptospirosis.
Kāohi
E kōkua nā hana Preventive i ka hakakā ʻana ʻaʻole wale iā leptospira, akā e kūʻē pū ana hoʻi i ka hapa nui o nā pathogens o nā maʻi lele.
- Ka wā kūpono ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻīlio.
- Mākala rodent.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā wahi kahi e mālama ai nā ʻīlio, keu hoʻi i nā wahi hoʻomalu no nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio hele hewa.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio ke hoʻolei i nā koʻohune pathogenic no kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ko lākou ola hou ʻana. Pono nā mea nona nā ʻīlio i hoʻopilikia ʻia e noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo a hoʻokaʻawale i kā lākou mau haumāna a hōʻike nā hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻole o leptospira.
