Hikina o Lake Baikal, ma ka palena me Mongolia a me Kina, aia ka Teritori Trans-Baikal. ʻO ka ʻāpana, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi me kahi ʻāina nui o ʻEulopa, kahi home ma kahi o 1 miliona mau kānaka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina e nā kualono a me nā kaumaha.
ʻO ke aniau i loko o ka ʻāina ʻoi loa ʻo ʻAmelika, me ke anuanu a me ka wela o ke kauwela. ʻO nā mahana mahana ma ke kauwela mai +13 ° ° a +20 ° °, i ka hoʻoilo - mai -20 ° ° a -37 ° С. ʻO ka mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo -64 ° С. I nā kūlana ʻoi loa o ka Hikina Hikina, nā lāhui i maʻa mau iā Siberia Hikina, Transbaikalia, Priamurye a me nā steppes o Mongolia noho pū.
Nā makuahine o Transbaikalia
ʻOi aku ma mua o 80 mau ʻano o nā mea ʻehā ʻehā a me nā lau nahele e noho ana ma ʻō aku o Lake Baikal. Nui holoholona o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal e holomua, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou helehelena ʻaʻole i kānalua. Kākaʻikahi loa kekahi, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make.
Bea bear
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohenehene ʻāina. He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana bear. I kēia mau lā, aia ma kahi o 16 mau ʻāpana o ka bea. Ua hiki ka hapanui i kahi kiko ma waho aʻe o kahi e kamaʻilio ʻia ai lākou wale nō i ka wā i hala.
ʻO ka Siberian, nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka bea ʻeleʻele, noho i ka Teritori Trans-Baikal. Hiki i ka ulu o ka holoholona i 2.5 m. ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau ma kahi o 400-500 kg, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā wahine he 100 kg. Hiki i nā kāne ke momona a hiki i ka 700 kg i ka hāʻule.
ʻO nā bea, me nā bea Siberian, he omnivorous. Aia i kā lākou papaʻai nā aʻa, nā hua, nā lau. ʻOiai he holoholona lono, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi kūleʻa i nā artiodactyls. ʻAʻole palaka i ka hāʻule. I ke kauwela, hoʻopili aku nā kāne a me nā wahine: mālama lākou i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lāhui bear.
I ke kau, i ka hana ʻana i lawa ka momona, hibernate lākou. I Pepeluali, mai ka 1 a i ka 3 mau keiki i hānau ʻia i kahi bea i ka wā hibernation. Piʻi mālie nā pēpē, a hiki i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ko lākou noho ʻana me ko lākou makuahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi bear Siberian i ka taiga ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 30 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, me ka mālama maikaʻi, ola ka bea hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ka lōʻihi o ka manawa.
ʻ wlio hihiu maʻamau
I ka Teritori Trans-Baikal, ke ola nei nā subspecies maʻamau o ka predator - ka ʻīlio hihiu maʻamau a Eurasia paha. Ma ka hema o ka ʻāina aia kahi palena o nā laha: ua ākea ka ʻīlio hae Mongolian i nā panalāʻau e pili ana. Pili pono kona laulā, akā noho mau ma waho o Transbaikalia.
ʻO ka wolf Eurasia kahi holoholona i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia me kahi poʻo nui, nā ʻāʻī ikaika, nā pepeiao kolohe a me kahi huelo e hiolo mau ana. Pōkole ka hulu o ke holoholona no kēia, he lahilahi ka wī, No ka hoʻoilo, ulu nui ka ʻīlio hae me ka huluhulu huluhulu mānoanoa.
I ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela ʻelua, hopu ka ʻīlio hae i nā holoholona āpau me ka ʻokoʻa o ke Tiga a me ka bea ikaika. Hana nā Predators i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho, e like me ke ʻoka i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lua o nā ʻīlio hae a me wolf. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hopu i nā holoholona nui a wikiwiki hoʻi.
I ke kakahiaka nui, hoʻomaka kahi manawa paʻakikī e wehewehe i ka pilina ma waena o nā kāne. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa i ka pālua koʻikoʻi ka manawa kūpono e hānau keiki. I ka hopena o ka puna ua hānau ʻia he 5-10 cubs.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka waiū, hānai ka makuahine, hoʻomaka ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e kaʻana like i ka ʻi me lākou. Ma mua o ka hapalua o nā pēpē e make i ke kauwela mua o ke ola. Akā ʻo ka hopohopo maʻamau ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ulu helu o ka ʻohana. Eia kekahi, ola lōʻihi nā ʻīlio hae, ma ka awelika, 15 mau makahiki.
Ma muli o ka hana wolf kiʻekiʻe, ʻeha lākou i nā nalo ʻaʻole wale holoholona hihiu o ka Teritori Trans-Baikalakā holoholona pū kekahi. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kūlana, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kī ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae. Akā ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu i ke kūpaʻa, ke hoʻomau nei kā lākou hōʻeha i nā holoholona kūloko.
Poki ʻo Pallas
ʻO nā Predators mai ka subfamily o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, nā holoholona i pale ʻia o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal... Hiki i ke kāne makua Pallas 'popoki ke kaupaona ma kahi o 5 kg. Kūkulu ʻia ka predator: kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, kahi kino kaumaha, nā wāwae pōkole, kahi huelo mānoanoa. Hāʻawi ka mānoanoa, huluhulu lōʻihi i ke kaupaona.
Ma Transbaikalia, ua noho ka lehulehu o nā pōpoki a Pallas i ka ʻāpana steppe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā muliwai Shilka a me Argunya. Hiki i nā pōpoki ke piʻi i nā kuahiwi, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, 3-4 tausani mau mika. Noho noho, noho i loko o nā lua i haʻalele ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hakahaka pōhaku.
Kūlike ka dinamika o ka holoholona i kona helehelena: ʻo ka manul ka lunamaka ʻoi loa o ka feline. ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia ka lohi i ka hopu holoholona ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi: nā rodents, nā manu, nā squirrels honua. ʻO ka hoʻohālua a me ka hoʻouka kāhāhā nā hana nui a ka manul.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpū o Pallas i ka wanaʻao. I ka mahina o Mei, lawe mai ka wahine i 3- 6 kittens makapō. I ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, hoʻopaʻa nā ʻōpio i kā lākou mau makuahine, hoʻohana i nā ʻimi hopu holoholona. I ka makahiki 10 mau makahiki, hiki i nā pōpoki ʻōpio ʻo Pallas ke hana hou. Noho ʻo Predators ma mua o 12 mau makahiki.
ʻO dia dia Siberia
ʻO ka genus o nā dia roe ʻelua mau dia liʻiliʻi: ʻEulopa a me Siberia mau dia. I nā mauna Trans-Baikal, aia kahi ʻoi aku ka nui - ʻano Siberian. Hiki i nā kāne kāne makua ke ulu a 90 knm i ka maloʻo a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o 45 kg.
Hānai ʻo Roe dia i ka nahele deciduous a huikau Trans-Baikal, a ma nā wahi i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ululāʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai ma nā pali mauna ma kahi kokoke i ka palena o ka hau mau. ʻO nā dia Roe nā mea ʻai pono ʻole, ka meaʻai nui ka mauʻu, nā lau, nā lālā ʻōpio. ʻO ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia holoholona o nā holoholona makua he 3 kg ka nui o ka nui o nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻekiʻe.
I ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, hoʻomaka ka rut. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpō ke palupalu a momona ka mauʻu ʻōpio - i ka hopena o Mei. I kekahi manawa hānau ka wahine ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, akā 2-3 keiki bipi. ʻO ke ala nui e mālama ai i ke ola o nā keiki hānau hou he hūnā, camouflage, hūnā.
Hūnā nā keiki keiki i ka manawa hou, moe i ka mauʻu, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I ka makahiki o 2-3 mau mahina, hoʻomaka nā pēpē e hāhai mau i ka dia wahine makuahine. Ma ka palena he 10 mau makahiki, ua ʻelemakule nā dia roe.
ʻO Pikas
He holoholona like hamster mai ka ʻohana o pikas. i loko o hoʻokahi wale nō genus, akā ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 ʻano. Ua noho ʻelua mau ʻano ma Transbaikalia:
- ʻO pika Manchurian. ʻO kahi kahi kahi ipu o nā kumu Amur nui: Shilka a me Argun. ʻO ia ka waihona meaʻai nui no ka manul.
- Altai a i ʻole alpine pika. Kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ka pika ʻākau. Ma Transbaikalia, ua haku ʻo ia i nā moku hema.
Ua lawa ka nui o nā ʻano ʻelua, hiki ke kau i ko lākou kaumaha i 300 g. ʻO ka waha a me ke kūlana poʻo e kumakaia i kahi pilina me ka hare, akā poepoe nā auricle. Lōʻihi ke kino, pōkole loa ka huelo, ua like ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae o mua a me hope i ka lōʻihi like.
Noho ʻo Pikas ma nā pali kuahiwi pōhaku, kahi e hiki ai ke hūnā mai nā ʻenemi mai, a nona nā holoholona he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā ala e mālama ai i ke ola ka noho kolone ʻana. ʻO nā kakini, nā haneli o nā holoholona e nānā nei i kēia kūlana, nā hōʻailona kani inā pilikia lākou.
I ka wā o ke kauwela-kauwela, hiki i nā pikas ke lawe i 3 mau pua, i kēlā me kēia, ma ka awelika, 5 mau cub. Uhi ʻia ka pua me ka hulu hipa, kūʻokoʻa, me ka noho ʻana o ka makuahine no 2-3 mau mahina. ʻO ke ola holoʻokoʻa o pikas he 6 mau makahiki.
Pipi chipua Siberia
ʻO nā ʻano 25, ʻo kēia wale nō ka ʻāpana chipmunk i kū ma Eurasia. ʻO ka chipmunk awelika me kona huelo i hiki i 20 knm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 100 g. Hiki ke huikau nā Chipmunks me nā squirrels. Akā he hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha ko nā holoholona - 5 mau kaha ʻeleʻele ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ākea hina a keʻokeʻo paha.
Ua noho ʻo Chipmunks ma ka ʻāpana taiga o Transbaikalia. I loko o nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi ʻai lākou i nā ʻanoʻano, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā acorn, nā hua. Hana i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo. E like me nā squirrels, hoʻolōʻihi lākou i ka manawa i nā kumulāʻau, akā, i ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā hale malumalu, hoʻohana lākou i nā lua lepo paʻakikī.
Hiamoe nā chipmunks i ka hoʻoilo. Ma hope o ke ala ʻana, e hui pū no kahi manawa pōkole. Lawe ka wahine i ka hua mua i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela. E ʻike ʻia ka hanauna hou o nā holoholona i ʻAukake. Hoʻopiʻi ka momona no ke ola pōkole o ke koʻokoʻo - 3 mau makahiki.
Zokor
Hoʻopili ka mea rodent kamahaʻo holoholona o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal He zokor ia. Noho ʻo ia i lalo, no ka ʻohana o nā iole mole. No ka holoholona e hana mau ana me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua a me nā tunnels, he nui nā mana o ka zokor. Hoʻonui ʻia ke kino cylindrical o kahi rodent makua e 17-27 cm, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka huelo ma mua o 7 cm, liʻiliʻi nā maka, hele ʻole nā pepeiao.
ʻO nā lālā i hoʻopōkole ʻia, nā māiʻuʻu wāwae i ka wāwae, e lilo i mea hana nui no ka ʻeli ʻana. ʻO ka mānoanoa, ʻaʻahu pōkole e pale i ke kino ke ʻeli. ʻO ke kala o ka pale keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele, kākahu kula.
ʻO nā Zokors nā mea ʻai. Aia i loko o kā lākou mau lua, ʻūnū lākou i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, mālama iā lākou no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole hibernate ʻo Zokors, hānai lākou i nā mea a lākou i hōʻiliʻili ai i ke kauwela. I ka puna, lawe mai ka wahine mai 2 a 5 mau pēpē, ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka makuahine a hiki i ke kau.
Ma Transbaikalia he 2 mau ʻāpana o nā zokors: Daurian a me Manchurian zokors. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻelua kahi ʻano like, ka like o ka hānai ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana. Noho nā Zokors o nā ʻāpana hikina loa mai 3 a 8 mau makahiki.
Nā Manu o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal
ʻO Steppes, taiga, ulu lāʻau kedera, nā kaukani a me nā loko iʻa he mau tausani e hoʻolako i ka hale a me ka meaʻai no nā ʻano manu he 3 haneli. ʻO lākou āpau a pūnana ma Transbaikalia. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka hoʻoilo e neʻe ai i ka hema o ʻAsia, i nā ululāʻau ʻApelika a me nā poho.
Upland Buzzard
Pahu - holoholona o ka puke ʻula o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal, he ʻāpana o ka genus o buzzards maoli, ka ʻohana hawk. Ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka manu makua ma mua o 2 kg, ʻo ka ʻūheu he 1.5 m. ʻEleʻele ke kino o nā manu me kahi huelo kaha onionio. Aia kekahi ʻano māmā. ʻO ka pinepine i hoʻokahi ʻōpala aia nā manu me ke kala ʻeleʻele a me ke kukui.
ʻO ka meaʻai nui o Long-legged Buzzard nā rodents, me nā squirrels honua. Hiki i ka manu ke hopu i ka hare, komo i ka ʻāpana kino. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hana ʻelua e loaʻa ai ka mea pio: ka nānā ʻana mai kahi kumulāʻau nui a i ʻole ke ʻimi nei i kahi mea pio i ka lele.
He monogamous ka manu. Kūkulu kahi kāne i kahi pūnana ma ka puʻu pōhaku. I ka Mei, waiho ka wahine i 2-4 mau hua buffy. ʻIke ʻo Chicks i ka mahina ʻo Iune. Ma hope o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua mau mahina, pau ka wā o ke ola i ka pūnana. I ka hoʻoilo, e like me ka manaʻo o ka ornithologists, lawe ka manu i ka neʻe ʻana i luna: mai nā ʻāpana mauna kiʻekiʻe i hele lākou i lalo, kahi i maʻalulu ka hoʻoilo.
Nutcracker
Pili ia i ka genus o nā nutcrackers, ka ʻohana corvids. Liʻiliʻi ka manu, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona ma mua o 200 g ke kaona ke kākaʻikahi loa. Hiki i ka Nutcracker ke pālahalaha i kona mau ʻeheu e 65-75 knm. ʻO ka plumage o ka manu ʻeleʻele, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu ma mua o ke kino, māmā ka undertail. Kaha ka hopena o ka huelo i ka palena keʻokeʻo.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā kaukino. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā ʻano coniferous, ʻohiʻohi i nā acorn, nā hua, ʻimi i nā kolo a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi. I ka Transbaikal taiga, ʻo nā hua paina kona waiwai pio nui. No ka hoʻoilo, hana nā manu i nā mālama walnut-palaoa, kahi e kōkua ai i ka mahi ʻana o ke kedera Siberian, nā ʻano kumulāʻau a me nā lau lāʻau deciduous.
Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana Nutcracker i loko o nā ulu lāʻau taiga, ma nā lālā o ka mua a me nā kedera. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 4 mau hua keʻokeʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a keʻokeʻo-polū. Ma hope o 18 mau lā o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā moa kōkua ʻole. Ma kahi o 25 mau lā, hānai nā mākua iā lākou, a laila hoʻomaka nā keiki nutcrackers ʻōpio e alakaʻi i ke ola o kahi manu taiga kūʻokoʻa.
Pueo
Loaʻa i ka ʻohana pueo he 214 mau ʻano. Noho kahi pueo aeto maʻamau ma Transbaikalia. ʻO kēia ka manu nui o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kala laulā o ka plumage he ocher, o nā aka āpau, me nā kaha.
Kupanaha nā pueo holoholona o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal. Ma ke kiʻi Hāʻawi ka nuku lou i nā manu i kahi hiʻohiʻona nui. ʻO nā maka ʻalani aniani, "nā kuʻemaka" e lilo ana i hulu o ka hulu ma ke poʻo, e like me nā pepeiao, hoʻopiha i ka ʻano mystical weliweli o ka manu.
ʻAʻole nakinaki ʻia nā pueo i kahi ʻāina kikoʻī. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ka taiga, nā ululāʻau o kahi pali mauna a ma ka pā o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ia, ma nā wahi āpau kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi a manu. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā pueo aeto nā mea hoʻopili meaʻai koʻikoʻi: hoʻololi maʻalahi lākou mai nā koʻokoʻo i nā nūnū, nā iʻa a me nā mea kolo.
I ʻApelila, mākaukau ka wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua 2-4. No kēia, koho ʻia kahi niche pōhaku, kahi hūnā ma lalo o ka spruce, ma waena o nā lāʻau i hina. ʻAʻohe pūnana, e like me ia, aia kahi wahi o ka incubation, i hala 30-35 mau lā. Ma hope o 2 mau mahina, hoʻāʻo nā moa e haʻalele. I hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai, lilo lākou i mau pueo maoli e ola i 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO Crane Daursky
Ma loko o ka muliwai Ussuri, aia nō holoholona laha ʻole o ka Teritori Trans-Baikal - Nā crane Daurian a i ʻole ke keʻokeʻo. No ka ʻohana manuahi lākou. Piʻi kahi makua kāne makua a kokoke i 2 m a kaupaona iā 5.5 kg. He hina hina ka plumage, ʻike ʻia kahi lilina kālā ma nā ʻeheu. ʻ pinklani nā wāwae o ka manuʻū, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana.
Ua lawa ka manuʻahi. ʻAi ʻia nā kī a me nā aʻa o nā mea ulu, nā mea kolo, nā ʻūhū, a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa o ka pala pala pala ʻana, kipa aku nā manu ʻaka i ka laiki, ka bale, a me nā māla soybean. ʻO nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia, ma ka lima hoʻokahi, hānai i ka manu ʻā, a ma kekahi ʻē aʻe, lawe lākou i nā wahi kūpono no ka pūnana ʻana mai iā ia.
Makemake nā crane Daurian e kūkulu i ko lākou mau pūnana ma waho o nā kahawai. I ʻApelila, me kahi punawai anuanu i Mei, kau ka wahine i 2 ma waena o ka nui keʻokeʻo, hua manu kolohe. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻoulu ʻia nā keiki i hoʻokahi mahina.
Hoʻolālā wikiwiki nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Ma hope o 2.5 mau mahina, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou i ko lākou ʻano lele. No ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu ʻio i nā hipa o 15-25 mau kānaka i ka hema o Kōlea a me Iāpana. ʻO ke ola o ka manuā he 20 mau makahiki.
I kahi liʻiliʻi, e nā kūlana Siberian, Teritori Transbaikal, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia he 2 mau waihona - Daursky a me Sokhondinsky. He paʻakikī nā mea ʻelua, biospheric i ke ʻano, hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kenekulia i hala. ʻO ka ʻāpana o Sokhondinsky he 211,000 hectares, o Daursky - 45,000 hectare. Hāʻawi nā kūlana hoʻomaha a me nā ʻano i nā ʻano flora a me nā holoholona o Transbaikalia.
