Aia ka Repubalika Tureke ma ʻAsia Komohana a me nā Balkans. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa ma kahi o 3% o ka ʻāina, ʻo ke koena ʻo 97% ka Caucasus a me ka Hikina Waena. Aia ʻo Turkey ma ka huina o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia a equidistant mai ka equator a me ka Pole ʻĀkau.
He ʻāina mauna ʻo Turkey. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o kona teritori ka Asia Minor Highlands. Aia ʻo Turkey ma ka awelika 1000 m ma luna o ka pae kai. Aia ka piko o ka mauna Big Ararat i ka makahiki 5165. ʻAʻohe ʻāina ma lalo o ka ʻilikai ma ka ʻāina. Aia nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i nā kapakai o ke kai a me nā waha o ka muliwai.
ʻO ke Kaiwaenahonua, nā Kai ʻEleʻele a me ka nui o nā kuahiwi e hoʻopili i ke aniau o ka ʻāina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena, ʻĀinapuniʻole ia, me kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano mauna: kahi ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i nā mahana a me nā kau wela.
Loaʻa i nā wahi o ke Kai ʻEleʻele kahakai i ke aniau kahakai me ka ua nui. E ulu pono nā subtropics mehana ma kahakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua, malu ʻia e nā kuahiwi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāina i hāpai i kahi honua holoholona polymorphic.
Nā makuahine o Tureke
ʻO Turkey kahi home no 160 mauʻano o ka ulu lāʻau, steppe a me nā mammal semi-wao akua. ʻO kēia nā lunamaka maʻamau o nā ululāʻau i pale ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa, nā steppes ʻAsia a me nā kuahiwi, nā wao akua ʻApelika. Aia ma waena o lākou nā cosmopolitans - ʻano laha i maʻa mau i nā ʻāina he nui. Akā he nui kekahi mau holoholona nona ka ʻāina hānau ʻo Transcaucasus a me East Asia mau ʻāina, ʻo ia ʻo Turkey.
ʻ wlio hihiu maʻamau
ʻO nā Wolves nā holoholona nui loa o ka ʻohana Canidae nui. Ke kaumaha nei nā ʻīlio hae Tureke i 40 kg. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine he 10% ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO nā Wolves he mau holoholona gregarious me nā pilina pili pono i ka hui. ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa holoholona weliweli o Tureke... Noho kūleʻa lākou i nā wahi kūlohelohe. Loaʻa i nā steppes o Central Anatolia a ma nā ulu lāʻau ulu o nā Kuahiwi ʻo Pontine.
Ma ka hikina ʻākau o Turkey, loaʻa ka ʻīlio hae Caucasian. Ma waho, ʻokoʻa iki kēia mau ʻāpana mai kahi ʻohana maʻamau a hina. ʻO ke kaupaona a me nā ana e pili like ana, ʻeleʻele a paleko hoʻi ke kapa. Hiki iā ia ke noho ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a i 3.5 mau mika.
ʻĪlio ʻAsiatika
Kāhea ʻia kēia predator ka ʻīlio hihiu gula. No ka ʻohana like ka ʻīlio hihiu e like me ka ʻīlio hae - Canidae. I Tureke, hoʻolaha ākea ka ʻano o Canis aureus maeoticus. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻīlio ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae: ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kona kaumaha ma mua o 10 kg.
Ma kahi maloʻo, aia ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona ma lalo o 0.5 m. Ma muli o kona mau wāwae lōʻihi, me he mea lā, he predator wikiwiki a wikiwiki hoʻi ia. Hinahina ke kapakomo me ka hoʻohui o nā aka o ka melemele, ka safron, nā kala paka.
He holoholona maʻamau ka ʻīlio laka ma ʻEulopa Hema, nā Balkans, Komohana a me ʻAkia Waena. Hoʻololi koke ʻo ia i kona wahi noho, neʻe maʻalahi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi hānai maikaʻi.
Makemake ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā pā ʻohe i nā kahawai kahawai, i kekahi manawa piʻi i ke kuahiwi, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 tausani mau mika. Hoʻololi i nā anthropogenic landscapes, kipa i nā landfill kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale. Liʻiliʻi Tureke Hānai Ā Huhu ke kumuhana o kā ka ʻīlio hae.
Alopeke maʻamau
ʻO ka genus o nā ʻalopeke he 11 mau laha. Loaʻa nā ʻano nui loa a puni ʻo Turkey, koe wale no nā mauna kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ia ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula a ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula paha, inoa ʻōnaehana: Vulpes vulpes. Ua piʻi kona kaumaha i 10 kg, i ka lōʻihi hiki iā ia ke ʻō i 1 m.
ʻO ke kala maʻamau he kua ʻulaʻula, māmā, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo, ʻāpana ventral a me nā wāwae pouli. I nā kuahiwi o Turkey ʻākau, loaʻa nā holoholona ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻalopeke melanistic.
Kālaka
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia predator ma kahi ʻano lynx. I kēia manawa hana ia i kahi ʻano kaʻawale Caracal caracal. ʻO ka inoa o ka genus i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka huaʻōlelo Turkic "kara-kylak" - pepeiao ʻeleʻele. ʻO Caracal kahi pōpoki nui, hiki ke kaupaona i 10-15 kg, hiki i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i 20 kg. He mānoanoa ka hulu o ka holoholona, ʻaʻole lōʻihi, kala i nā kani one, melemele-ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Asia Uiki a me ʻAkia Waena, ma ʻAlapia a me ka ʻāina ʻApelika. I Tureke, ʻike ʻia ia i nā steppes a me nā wao nahele o ka moku Central Anatolian. Ke ʻimi nei ia i ka pō no nā rodents: gerbils, jerboas, gaping gophers. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā moa, kāʻili i nā keiki hipa a me nā kao.
Pōhaku nahele
Ua kapa ʻia kēia predator feline ʻo ka swamp lynx. Makemake i nā ululāʻau o nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻohe i nā awāwa kahawai, nā kahakai haʻahaʻa o nā loko a me nā kai. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā lynx, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kahi pōpoki kūloko. Kaupaona ma kahi o 10-12 kg. Piʻi ia i ka lōʻihi a i 0.6 m.
I Tureke, ʻike ʻia ia i nā kahawai o ka Euphrates, Kura, Araks, ma kahi haʻahaʻa o ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele. Mai nā ululāʻau o nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻohe, i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio, komo pinepine ia i nā panalāʻau e pili kokoke ana, akā ʻaʻole piʻi i luna ma kahi o 800 m i loko o nā kuahiwi.
Leopadi
ʻO Carnivores holoholona o Turkey e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻano laha loa - ka leopadi Caucasian a i ʻole ka leopadi ʻAsiatic. ʻO ka predator nui loa no kēia mau wahi: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae i 75 cm, ke kaumaha i 70 kg. Kū i ka hikina o ka Armenian Highlands ma ka palena me Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. ʻO ka helu o nā leopadi Caucasian ma Turkey i loko o nā anakuhi.
Mongoose ʻAigupita
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ia ma ka hema hikina o Turkey ma nā wahi o Sanliurfa, Mardin a me Sirnak. E loaʻa paha i nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe o Hikina Hema Anatolia. No ka ʻohana mongoose kēia holoholona, he ʻohana mamao loa ia o ka feline.
ʻO Mongoose kahi mea ʻai e ʻai i nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates. Hoʻololi e noho i ka ʻāpana steppe, akā hiki ke noho i ka nahele. ʻAʻole makaʻu i nā hiʻona anthropomorphic.
Cunyi
ʻO Mustelidae a i ʻole Mustelidae he ʻohana dexterous predators i hoʻopili i ke ola i nā mea āpau, koe wale no nā polar, nā panalāʻau. I Tureke, no ka pōmaikaʻi o nā mustelid, aia nā ʻāina kūpono a me nā kumuwaiwai o nā meaʻai: nā koʻekoʻe, nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, nā mea kolo. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe:
- ʻO ka otter kahi predator nani e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o kona ola i ka wai. Hiki ke kino elongated o kahi otter i 1 m, hiki ka nui i 9-10 kg. No ke ola, koho ka otter i nā muliwai ulu lāʻau, akā hiki iā ia ke ʻimi a hānai kokoke i nā kapakai o nā loko a me nā kai.
- ʻO ka marten pōhaku - ʻaʻole i ʻoi ke kaupaona o kēia predator i ka 2 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 50 cm, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka huelo ma mua o 30 cm.
- ʻO Marten - makemake i nā ulu lāʻau. I Tureke, hoʻopau kona pae i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o nā ululāʻau coniferous. ʻAʻole like me ka marten pōhaku, haʻalele ia i nā wahi kahi e kū ai kahi kanaka a alakaʻi i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai.
- ʻO ka ermine kahi predator liʻiliʻi e kaupaona ana mai 80 a 250 g. Ke ʻimi nei ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā wao nahele, nā aniani, i nā kahawai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai.
- ʻO Weasel ka ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o ka weana. ʻAʻole hiki ke kaupaona o nā wahine i 100 g. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou ola i 3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi kolone liʻiliʻi o nā wea e hōʻoia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā rodents i kahi.
- ʻO ka bandage kahi predator e kaupaona ana mai 400 a 700 g. Noho ia i nā ʻāpana steppes a me nā semi-Desert o ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me nā Central Anatolian. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ke kino ʻeleʻele kala, kala ʻia me nā kiko melemele a me nā kaha. Ua ʻeleʻele ka underbelly. He muʻu ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi nā lole komo a me nā pepeiao nui loa o kahi wea.
Dia dia hanohano
ʻO ka mea hanohano loa o ka dia, hiki ke kaena holoholona o Tureke He dia ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Noho ia ma loko o Tureke, koe wale nō nā ʻāina e pili ana i ke kahakai Mediterranean.
Aia kekahi huikau i waena o nā meaolaola me ka inoa o nā dia. ʻO nā ʻano e noho ana ma Turkey ua kapa ʻia he ʻokoʻa: ʻo ka Caspian, nā dia Caucasian, nā dia ʻulaʻula, a me nā dia ʻulaʻula. ʻO Cervus elaphus maral kona inoa ʻōnaehana.
ʻO Doe
ʻO ka dia fallow kahi artiodactyl hanohano, no ka ʻohana dia. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā dia fallow ma mua o nā dia: ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo o nā kāne ma mua o 1 m, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 100 kg. ʻO nā wahine he 10-15% māmā a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. E like me nā dia āpau, ʻo nā dia fallow nā mea ruminant a hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou papa kuhikuhi i ka mauʻu a me nā lau.
Roe
ʻO kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻāpana, no ka ʻohana dia. Ma kahi maloʻo, ma kahi o 0.7 ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 32 kg. Noho ʻo Roe dia ma kahi e hānai ai nā ruminants.
Ma Asia Komohana, ma ka panalāʻau o Tureke hou, ua ʻike ʻia nā dia roe i ka wā Pliocene, 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā ʻano papaʻai a me nā wahi i makemake ʻia e like me nā reindeer āpau.
Mea hoʻo · moʻo wai kik Marine
Nui nā Dolphins ma nā kai e pili ana iā Turkey. He mau ʻano koikoi ko kēia mau māmala: kahi lolo i hoʻomohala ʻia, kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka launa ʻana, kahi ʻōnaehana hōʻailona i hoʻomohala ʻia, a me nā ʻano hydrodynamic kūikawā. Ma kahakai o Turkey, ʻike pinepine ʻia he 3 mau ʻano:
- ʻO ka dolphin hina kahi holoholona 3-4 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a 500 kg. ʻIke ʻia ma ke kahakai kai Mediterranean o Tureke.
- Dolphin maʻamau a i ʻole dolphin maʻamau. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 2.5 m.ʻO ke kaupaona, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka dolphin hina, he liʻiliʻi - ma kahi o 60-80 kg.
- He holoholona kai ʻo Bottlenose dolphin a hiki i 3 m ka lōʻihi, ke kaumaha nei a 300 kg. Loaʻa ma nā moana ākea o ka honua, e like me ka Moana ʻEleʻele a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
Nā opeapea a me nā opeapea
ʻEkolu mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona: ʻo lākou wale nā māmela i hiki ke kāohi ʻia, lele lōʻihi, ua mākaukau lākou i ka echolocation, a he mau hiki ke hoʻololi kū hoʻokahi. Ua ʻae kēia i nā mea kupaianaha e haku i ka ʻāina a puni ka honua me ka ʻokoʻa o nā wahi polar. Pālolo holoholona e noho ana ma Tureke, no nā ʻohana:
- opeapea hua,
- opeapea lio,
- hihia-huelo,
- ʻai iʻa,
- ʻili a i ʻole ihu.
Hoʻohui kēia mau ʻohana he 1200 mau ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā mea ʻai mea ulu, nā mea ʻai a me nā mea ola kino.
Nā mea kolo o Tureke
Ma mua o 130 mau ʻano o ka holo ʻana, kolo ana a me nā mea kolo e holo ana e noho ana ma Turkey. ʻOi aku ka makaikai o ka ʻāina i ka pōmaikaʻi o nā moʻo a me nā moʻo, a he 12 mau ʻano mea kolo kolo. Hōʻike ʻia nā honu e ka ʻāina terestrial a me nā ʻano wai hou, akā hoihoi loa nā mea kolo kai.
Honu leatherback
ʻO kēia ka nui o nā honu nui i kēia manawa e noho nei. Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 2.5 mau mika. Kaona - 600 kg. ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano mai nā honu kai ʻē aʻe i nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical. ʻAʻole hui ʻia kona iwi me ka iwi iwi, akā he papa a uhi ʻia me ka ʻili lahilahi. Kipa aku nā honu leatherback i ke Kaiwaenahonua, akā ʻaʻohe wahi hoʻomoana ma nā kahakai Tureke.
ʻO Loggerhead a i ʻole ka honu poʻo nui
Kāhea pinepine ʻia ka mea kolo ʻo Caretta a i ʻole Caretta caretta. He honu nui kēia, hiki i kona kaumaha ke piʻi i 200 kg, kokoke ke kino i 1 m. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ka pūpū he ʻano puʻuwai. He moʻo manu kuhukukū. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā molluscs, jellyfish, iʻa. Hoʻomoe ka loggerhead i nā hua ma nā kahakai he nui ma ke kahakai kai Turkish.
Honu kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Kaupaona ka mea kolo ma ke kaha o 70-200 kg. Akā aia kekahi mau mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo i hiki i kahi kaumaha o 500 kg a me ka lōʻihi o 2 m. He ʻano ʻano ko ka honu - he ʻono maikaʻi kā kāna ʻiʻo.
No laila, kapa ʻia ia i kekahi manawa he honu sup. Ma nā kapakai ʻo Tureke he nui nā kahakai kahi e waiho ana ka honu ʻōmaʻomaʻo: i ka moku ʻo Mersin, i ke kahawai ʻo Akiatan, ma nā kahakai kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Samandag.
Nā Manu o Tureke
Aia ma ka honua manu o Turkey ma kahi o 500 mau ʻano manu. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ko lākou pūnana ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina, ʻo ke koena he ʻano neʻe lākou. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻolaha kēia mau mea, ʻike pinepine ʻia, nā manu ʻĀsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika, akā aia he kakaikahi loa, nā ʻano ʻaneʻane pau ka make.
ʻAeto ʻaeto
ʻO ka manu kekahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana hawk. Hiki i ka ʻūheu o kēia mea ʻili hulu i 2.3 m. Aia i ka papa ʻaina nā rodents, nā bea, nā squirrels, nā manu. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka ʻaeto i ka make. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana ma ka honua, nāhelehele a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā pōhaku. Ke waiho nei i nā hua he 1-2. He 60 mau lā ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. ʻO ka ʻaeto ʻeleʻele a i ʻole steppa, a i ʻole ʻo Aquila nipalensis ma ka laina o ka luku ʻia o nā laha.
ʻAiwi
No ka ʻohana hawk ka ʻōiwi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 0.7 m ka lōʻihi a me 2 kg o ke kaupaona, kahi kiʻi akahai no ka pā. ʻO Carrion ka ʻano nui o nā meaʻai, akā i kekahi manawa ua ʻokoʻa ka manu i kāna papaʻai me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Ua hū nā manu makua i nā ʻulu keʻokeʻo me nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi o nā ʻeheu. Noho nā manu i nā hui liʻiliʻi, i ka wā o ka moena ua mahele ʻia lākou i mau pālua.
Ibis nahele
Pili i ka genus o ʻōhule ʻōhule. Hiki i nā ʻeheu ke lele i 1.2-1.3 m. Hiki ke kaumaha i 1.4 kg. ʻAi ka manu i nā mea kolo o kēlā me kēia ʻano, amphibians liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo. E hoʻonohonoho i nā pūnana, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā kolone. ʻO nā ibises o ka nahele holoholona o Tureke, kiʻi ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke ola.
ʻO Bustard
ʻO ka mea kamaʻāina maʻamau o steppes a me nā wao akua. Hana ʻia i nā wahi mahiʻai, i nā wahi hānai, nā ʻāina mahi. Nui ka manu, hiki i nā kāne ke kaumaha ma mua o 10 kg. Makemake i ka hele wāwae ma luna o nā lele.
Kūkulu i nā pūnana ma ka honua, kau i nā hua he 1-3. ʻO ka manu he omnivorous: i ka hoʻohui i nā mea kolo, hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hua, nā hua. I ke kenekulia XX, ua emi nui ka nui o nā bustard a huli ka manu mai kahi mea hahai holoholona i kahi mea pale.
Uila lahilahi
ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana snipe. ʻO kahi manu me kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona: nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe lahilahi a me ka nuku lōʻihi, ʻōwili. ʻAʻole hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 0.4 m. No ke ola, koho ʻo ia i nā mauʻu pulu i nā kahawai o nā kahawai.
I Tureke, ʻaʻole wale ka pūnana, akā ʻo nā ʻano neʻe kekahi. Kākaʻikahi loa lāua a ʻaneʻane hoʻi e make. ʻO nā holoholona home ʻole ma Turkey hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano manu a pau e pūnana ana ma ka honua, me nā curlew.
Nā holoholona home a me nā mahiʻai
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o nā holoholona i mālama ʻia e nā mahiʻai a me nā kamaʻāina ka mea maʻamau. He lio kēia, pipi, hipa, kao, nā moa, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio. ʻO kēlā me kēia mākaʻikaʻi nāna i hoʻopuka lawe mai i nā holoholona i Turkey, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻo kāna mea punahele e hui pū me nā kaikaina i haʻalele ʻole ʻia. Akā aia kekahi mau laha a me nā laha i waiwai nui a ʻaʻole home ʻole.
Kangal
ʻO ka ʻīlio kiaʻi, i kapa pinepine ʻia me ka ʻīlio kahu hānai Anatolian. He poʻo nui ko ka ʻīlio, kahi mea kaua mana, kahi ʻano ʻie ʻeleʻele i ka maka. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo e pili ana iā 80 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 60 kg. Hoʻohui i ka mana a me ka hana wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. Ke hana nei i nā hana hānai, hiki iā ia ke pale me kahi ʻīlio hae, lālau a haki i kahi ʻīlio hae.
Mālama ʻo Turks i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe o nā holoholona i kūloko ʻia a me nā holoholona mahiʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka ʻumikūmālua mau pāka aupuni Tureke e kia ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe i hōʻike ʻole ʻia. Hāʻawi nā waihona a me ka palena palena o ka hopena o ka lāhui i ka manaʻolana ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka hapanui o nā holoholona i ka make.
