Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO kahi kapeta mālamalama, nunui a me ka lauwili, a i ʻole nā moena pua nunui ma ka moana e hiki ʻole ke haʻalele i ka poʻe ʻoluʻolu ʻole e nānā iā lākou. Kāhea mākou āpau i nā lālā he nui o nā ʻano ʻē a me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa pale.
A he kakaikahi loa ka poʻe e ʻike inā ʻike ʻoe i nā kumu neʻe ʻole me nā ulu ʻē aʻe i mua ou, a laila he pūpū wale nō kēia. Noho ka iwi iwi hānai ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna mau mea hoʻokipa, nā polyps coral.
Noho nā ʻōpio polyps ma nā wahi ʻoʻoleʻa a loli nui. Ma o kēia kumumanaʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi nui nui o "dummies". Koho lākou i nā hakahaka a puni i kahi ʻano paʻa paʻa. Paipai kēia hana "kūkulu" i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā koʻa nui. ʻAʻole nā mea kanu kēia mau mea kanu, akā holoholona.
Pili lākou i ke ʻano o nā coelenterates. Inā ʻoe e lohe i nā manaʻo: polyps coral ākea, polyps pōhaku jellyfish, a i ʻole polyps ʻākoakoa scyphoid, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻike, ʻaʻohe o kēia.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻekolu mau papa o nā coelenterates:
- Nā wai hydras (hidroids). Noho wale lākou i ka wai unsalted. ʻAi kēia mau mea hōkai i nā crustacean a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. E like me nā moʻo, hiki i ka hydra ke hoʻoulu i kahi ʻāpana o kāna kino i nalo. Hiki iā ia ke ola i ke ʻano o kahi polyp, a ma hope e hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o he jellyfish.
- Uliʻi nui (scyphoid).
- A ME papa polip polala (noho i ke ʻano like, mai reincarnate i jellyfish i ka holo o ke ola)... E noho ma luna o lākou i ke kikoʻī.
ʻO ko lākou home he wai paʻakai wale nō. ʻAʻole paʻakai - e luku wale kēia poʻe kai. Ke koi nei lākou i ka mahana, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20 kekelē me kahi hōʻailona plus. ʻO ka maʻa mau o kēia mau invertebrates i kolone a puni, akā aia kekahi mau mea hoʻokahi hiki ke noho i nā hohonu hohonu.
Hoʻohua hou ka polyp i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ulu i ka makuahine, a i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana paha. Inā he anemon ia, ʻo ia hoʻi coral hoʻokahi, hana kope ia i ke ala hope loa. Aia kekahi e hānai e like me ka ʻano holoholona. Aia ma waena o lākou nā mea dioecious a me nā hermaphrodites.
Kiola ʻia ka sperm o ke kāne i waho a momona i nā hua i loko o ka wahine, kahi e komo ai i ka waha. I loko o kāna kōpū gastrointestinal, hānau ʻia kahi ola hou. Hiki i nā pua o ke kai ke ʻōpio wale nō ma o ʻekolu a i ʻole 5 mau makahiki.
Akā pōhaku ka hapanui o nā keiki. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi kolone, a laila hoʻololi ka polyp i kāna mele o ke ola. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻōnaehana lōkahi i nā hui i hoʻokumu ʻia.
ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻākoʻakoʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i ʻano kūlohelohe wale nō, akā, ʻo nā moku pū hoʻi, no ka laʻana. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu nā ʻano polyps āpau. Inā hiki ke noho maʻalahi kekahi me nā hoalauna o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e hoʻopili aku ai, mākaukau lākou e hoʻopōʻino i ka hoa hakakā ʻO ka hopena, ʻehaʻeha ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ua make kekahi hapa o kāna kolone. Hoʻohui ʻia, lilo nā coelenterates i poʻe iʻa a me nā iʻa hōkū.
Auana
Loaʻa ke kino o kahi polyp i kēia ʻano: ectoderm (uhi waho a me ka ʻili o ka pharynx), mesoderm (kahi ʻano like me ka gel e hoʻopiha ana i nā hakahaka), a me ka endoderm (nā paia o loko o ke kino o kēlā me kēia mea i hana ʻia).
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, he iwi iwi ko kēia mau mea multicellular. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa ma waho a ma loko. A ʻo kāna ʻano, he lime, a i ʻole mea e like me ka pepeiaohao.
E hoʻomaopopo ia coral polyps hanana loaʻa nā like me nā hydroids. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i hele i ka pae jellyfish. ʻO ke kino ponoʻī ke nānā aku e like me ka paukū liʻiliʻi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ma luna o kahi e pāhola ʻia ai kahi peʻa o nā tentacles.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia "manamana lima" nā capsule kūikawā, i loko o loko e hoʻopili ʻia ai kahi mea ʻona. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohana iā ia i nā coelenterates i kapa ʻia ʻo stinging function. He eyelash makaʻala ko kēlā me kēia cell weliweli.
Inā hoʻokokoke ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i ka polyp, a ʻike paha ʻo ia i kahi makaʻu, a ʻo ka loli wale nō o ke kaomi wai, wehe ka capsule, lele i waho kahi kaula ʻūlū (kahi paipu i kaomi ʻia e kahi spiral i kahi kūlana mālie, hānai ʻia ka lāʻau ʻawa ma ona). ʻE nahu ia i loko o ke kino o ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia, a ʻo ka mea huna ʻawahia ke kumu o ka lōlō a me nā wela o nā ʻaʻa a ka hoa paio. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka cnidocyte (cell), hele mai kahi mea hou e pani ma hope o ʻelua mau lā.
Aia he waha ma waena o nā tentacles. Ke komo i loko o kahi mea ʻai, hoʻouna koke ʻia i ka ʻōpū ma o ka pharynx. He lōʻihi loa ia a loaʻa ke ʻano o kahi ʻōpala pālahalaha. Uhi ʻia kēia ala holoʻokoʻa me ka cilia, kahi e hana ai i ka neʻe mau ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka polyp.
Ma muli o kēia, loaʻa i ka holoholona, ka mea mua, ka meaʻai (plankton liʻiliʻi), a ʻo ka lua, hanu. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, komo ka wai i hoʻonui ʻia i ka oxygen i loko o kona kino, a kuhi ʻia me ka carbon dioxide. Hoʻopau ka pharynx me ka lua ʻōpū paʻa. Ua mahele ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui.
Ma ke kumu polelep coral coelenterate hoʻonui ana. Inā he mehameha kēia, a laila lawelawe kēlā kumu iā ia i mea e paʻa pono ai i ka substrate. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi kolone, a laila ulu pono kēlā me kēia lālā i "kino" maʻamau me kona mau hoahānau me kāna kumu ponoʻī. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, aia nā kānaka like i ka ʻōnaehana like. Akā aia kekahi mau kolone like kahi i hui pū ʻia ai nā polyps ʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻano
ʻElua mau subclass o kēia mau mea.
- Lāʻau ʻewalu
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea lako pono mau me 8 mau tentacles. Loaʻa iā lākou he 8 mesenteric septa (hana lākou i mau keʻena i ke kino o ka polyp). Ma ke ʻano he liʻiliʻi, heʻuʻuku ko lākou nui, kākaʻikahi ka nui o 2 mau kenimika.
Hiki i ko lākou iwi iwi ke loaʻa kahi axis ʻoʻoleʻa a hohola ma ka mesoderm e nā nila. ʻAʻole ʻoe e loaʻa mehameha i waena o lākou. Noho lākou i nā kolone. ʻAi nui lākou i ka ʻano holoholona. No laila, he kala ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano.
Māhele ʻia ka subclass i nā ʻāpana 4:
- Alcyonaria
Aia ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ola kai like. Māhele ʻia ka subclass i kekahi genera 4 ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi poʻe translucent.
ʻAʻohe o lākou iwi iwi paʻakikī, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai he mau pākako palupalu. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ulu i ke kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka nele o ke koʻokoʻo. Hiki i nā ʻoihana o kēia mau meaola ke kolo ma ka lalo, hana i nā ʻano spherical, a i ʻole like me nā lālā lāʻau, a i ʻole ka ʻulu. Makemake lākou i ka wai mehana a pāpaʻu.
ʻElua manawa i ka lā e hōʻike ana i kēlā ʻano o nā polyps coral ʻōwili i loko o ko lākou kino a hui pū me ko lākou a puni i ke kala. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, huli hou lākou i waho, pehu a leʻaleʻa i ko mākou mau maka me nā kala ʻōlinolino.
- ʻĀkoʻakoʻa horny
Haʻaheo ke kolone i kahi iwi iwi. No laila nā ʻano openwork like ʻole e hana ai i nā hui o ia mau polyps. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ke kai tropical, akā hiki i nā poʻe laha ʻole ke ola i ka ʻākau. ʻO nā koʻa ʻulaʻula punahele a kēlā me kēia (i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻākoʻakoʻa hanohano) no kēia hui, kahi e hana ʻia ai nā mea hoʻonani a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo.
I kekahi mau kānaka, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā nila kui ma ka waha, he spicules kēia. Ulana i loko o ka corolla. ʻO ka nunui gorgonian, like hou me ka peahi, mahalo nui i kona nui ma ʻelua mau mika. ʻO Leptogorgia ke nānā aku e like me kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i ko mākou Hikina Hikina.
- ʻĀkoʻakoʻa polū
Kū i waho i ka hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi iwi iwaho ikaika a mānoanoa. Hiki i kona mānoanoa ke ulu a 50 mau kenimika. ʻOiai he kino wale ke kino o ke kino. He waihoʻoluʻu polū nani kona. Mahalo a pau i nā paʻakai hao. Hoʻokahi ʻōpū o ke kolone no nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ulu pū kēia mau ʻōpū.
- Hulu kai
Nani a ʻano ʻē ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO kā lākou ʻokoʻa nui loa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono lākou i kahi substrate. Hiki i nā hulu ke hoʻopili wale i ko lākou welo o lalo i ke one palupalu ma ka papa kai. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona iā lākou i ka hiki ke neʻe a pili ʻole i ko lākou mau home. ʻOiai haʻalele iki lākou. ʻAʻole hoihoi lākou i ka wai papau, noho lākou ma kahi hohonu. Aia ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau mea ola.
ʻĀlohilohi a nunui kā lākou kolone, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka helu o ka nui o nā kānaka, akā ka nui. ʻO nā polyps nui loa o kēia ʻano a hiki i ʻelua mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka hulu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole kēia hoʻokahi holoholona, akā he nui.
Aia i ka hulu kahi pahu mānoanoa, ʻo ia nō ke kino i hoʻololi ʻia o kahi polyp maʻamau. A noho nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ma kēia kumu, e hana ana i nā hulu hulu. I kekahi manawa ulu like kēia poʻe noho a like me ka lau. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka iwi o kēia mau coelenterates. ʻO nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi wale nō e hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o ke kino.
Noho ka hulu ma ke ʻano he meaola hoʻokahi. He nui nā kahawai o kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka kolone holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻolako ʻia ke kolone holoʻokoʻa me nā mākala ikaika loa. Inā ʻike kekahi o nā polyps i ka makaʻu, a laila lawe ʻia kēia ʻano i kona mau hoalauna. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke hoʻokokoke aku ka ʻenemi, hoʻomaka ka hulu holoʻokoʻa e ʻālohilohi, mahalo a pau i nā hunaola momona kūikawā.
Pau nā hulu i ka meaʻai e like me ka ʻano holoholona. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ilo, limu, zooplankton. Ke iho mai ka pouli i ka moana kai, hele ka polyp i ka hopu holoholona. Wehe ʻia kāna mau tentacles liʻiliʻi a puupuu a hopu i nā mea i loaʻa.
E hoʻokaʻawale i waena o lākou i nā wahine a me nā polyps kāne. A ma aneʻi nā mea āpau, e like me ka poʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā hua manu i ka kolamu wai. Ke hoʻokuʻu ke kāne i kāna mau homone wahine, lilo ka wai a puni iā ia i ao a ʻike ʻia kēia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. I nā hihia kakaikahi hana kope o nā polyps coral hana maʻalahi kēia ʻano ma ka mahele.
No nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka detachment ʻo Veretillum. Inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia i ke ao, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe: nā melemele a ʻeleʻele wale nō paha e hoʻopili ana i luna. Akā i ka pō he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia, hoʻololi ʻia ka multicellular ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia.
Pehu kona kino, a he nui nā polyps aniani moakaka me nā kāʻei keʻokeʻo e wehe ʻia ma luna. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka kēia nani āpau i phosphoresce. Inā hoʻonāukiuki kekahi mea i nā holoholona, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻālohilohi a ʻoi aku, a i ʻole ke kipaku ʻana i nā nalu māmā i loko o ke kino.
ʻO kekahi lunamakaʻāinana hoihoi kekahi ʻo umbellula. Hiki i kēia mau hulu ke ola i nā wai anuanu anuanu. Nānā loa lākou. He "koʻokoʻo" lōʻihi loa, ma ka piko e noho ai kekahi mau liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kēia mau koʻa ke 50 cm wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke ulu a ʻelua mau mika.
ʻO Pennatula kekahi o nā kānaka kiʻi nui loa. Liʻiliʻi i loko ona iho. Akā hiki ke ulu i ka laulā. Ma ke kumu, nui nā lālā autozoids i waho, kahi e hāʻawi i ka hulu i kahi hiʻohiʻona waiwai. ʻO ke kala mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, inā ʻaʻole ʻeleu ia mau polyp i kekahi manawa i ka manawa, a laila kūlou lākou a moe pono i lalo. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻālohilohi i nā ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻaoʻao polypoid pili wale paha, a i ʻole nā polyps liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ponoʻī iā lākou iho. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka luminescence ke ʻano o nā kala like ʻole.
- ʻEono kukuna
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi mai nā polyps o ka subclass i hala e ka helu o nā tentacles. Pono ka helu o kēia mau "manamana" ʻeono i mau helu he ʻeono. ʻAʻole ulu nā lālā hou i kēia mau lālā. Akā hiki i ka nui o lākou iho. No laila nā ʻano ʻē. Noho lākou i kahi mele a i nā hui.
TO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā polyps coral hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i septa ʻelua. ʻO kēia helu, ma ke ʻano he rula, he pālua ia o ʻeono. Loaʻa i kahi polyps coral eono-ray ke ʻano e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi iwi iwi, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - kahi ʻano ʻoʻoleʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā "iwi" i ka ectoderm, ʻaʻohe iwi i loko o ka holoholona, akā ma waho. Mai laila mai, loaʻa nā māla kai kamaʻāina.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka subclass, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa he anemones. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o lākou kumu paʻa i ke ʻano o kahi iwi iwi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hana ʻana o kahi ʻaʻa. Akā ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia mau mea ola a loaʻa i kahi ala e noho pū ai me nā meaola ola ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā ia ke kauā kauā. He kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kūikawā ko kēia pēpē ma ka ʻili o kona kino. Mahalo iā ia, ʻaʻole kui nā anemones i kā lākou hoa, akā, i ka mea ʻē aʻe, pale iā ia mai nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka iʻa, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau i kēlā me kēia manawa ma ke kino o ka polyp.
Hoʻohui maikaʻi nā anemones me ka pāpaʻi hermit. Hoʻopū pololei ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū i ka pūpū o ka hoa, a pēlā e hele ai i nā mea kanu nui. ʻO ka "halihali" like loa ma ka mea nalowale ʻaʻole ia e waiho, no ka mea ʻo ka hana ʻū a kona hoalauna e pale aku i nā ʻenemi.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ia, he holoholona viviparous ke kai anemone. Hoʻomohala pono nā pēpē i ke kino o ka makuahine a hānau ʻia nā pēpē piha. ʻO ka predatory polyps he nui loa o nā hunaola keu. No laila, ʻaʻole wale nā microorganisms, akā ʻo ka fry hoʻi e lilo i waiwai pio na lākou.
He luna nui ʻo Madreporovs o ka papa. Aia he ʻekolu a me ka hapa kaukani mau ʻano o kēia mau polyps. ʻO lākou ia a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai, e piholo ana i lalo o ke kai, me he mau ʻākoʻakoʻa lā.
Kōkua kahi iwi iwi kuamoʻo paʻa e hana i nā mānoanoa nui o madrepora. ʻO waho a paʻa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o kāna hoʻokumu ʻana penei: ʻo ka ectoderm o kahi polyp e hūnā i nā pae lahilahi. I hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka ʻupena. Hāʻule nā paukū o ka kalepona kalepona i kēia ʻāpana, a ʻohi hōʻiliʻili ʻia, hana lākou i "shell" nui.
Maʻa i ka noho ʻana o ka hui, ulu like kēlā mau polyp me kekahi, ka ʻiwi iwi, a i kekahi manawa he mau tentacles maʻamau a me ka waha. Ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kua o nā "iwi" mana a lahilahi ko lākou kino.
I ka helehelena, hiki i ke kolone o ia poʻe noho kai ke like me nā kumu lāʻau, nā pua, a me nā terele, a i ʻole kahi moena pua ākea nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, meanrines, hui ʻia i hoʻokahi hemisphere, like me ka lolo i ke kinona. Liʻiliʻi ka polyps iā lākou iho, akā hana lākou i mau hui nunui. Kū kekahi ʻo Loners, akā kākaʻikahi ka liʻiliʻi. I ke anawaena, hiki ka nui o ia mau hermits i ka hapalua mika.
Meaʻai kūpono
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio pau ʻole e pili ana i nā ala o ka hānai ʻana i kēia ola kai. ʻOiai, i kēia pili, ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou.
- ʻYmiʻikepili.
Hiki i ka Intestinal ke loaʻa nā meaola e like me nā mea kanu. Kōkua ʻo Zooxanthellae iā lākou e hana i kēia. Hiki i kēia mau limu unicellular ke hoʻopau i ke kalaponaʻokikene, a hana wale i ka oxygen, akā i nā mea kūlohelohe, hiki ʻole i nā polyp ke hana me ka ʻole. Noho pololei kēia mau mea kanu pala i nā nāʻaʻa o nā koʻa a no laila hāʻawi i nā "ʻona" i ke kala ʻulaʻula.
Eia nō naʻe, he ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole kēlā ʻano hana like. Inā hoʻomaka ka limu e ikaika a hana i ka nui o nā oxygen pono ʻole, hoʻopilikia ia i ka polyp. A wikiwiki ʻo ia e kāpae iā lākou.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole nalo wale ia i nā mea ʻino i hoʻohuli hou ʻia, akā i kona kala, a i ʻole lilo i kala. A laila pono ka multicellular i mea e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau "mea kōkua" i ka wā hiki wawe, e kiʻi hou ana, kūpono i kā lākou waiwai, nā meaola unicellular. Hana maʻalahi i ka polyp e ale.
Ma ke ala, hiki i kahi polyp ke lilo i ke kala no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻae nā algae Brown i nā mahana wela (no ka hapa nui), a inā wela loa, make lākou.
- Hiki i nā Polyps ke omo i ka meaʻai e like me nā holoholona.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kahi waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka mālamalama mālamalama a kau ma kahi o ke aka hou aʻe, ma ke ʻano he rula i nā hohonu loa.
ʻAʻole nā limu ko lākou mea kōkua, ʻai ʻia ka plankton a me nā meaola like ʻole. A iʻa liʻiliʻi pinepine. Eia kā lākou tentacles a me ka hana stinging i pili. Hiki i kekahi ke hana maikaʻi i kahi kahe lawa kūpono, ʻoiai kekahi e koi ana i kahi kūlana i ka wai.
- ʻO Coral, aia ma ka papaʻai hui.
Aia kekahi mau mea ola i hiki ke loaʻa nā mea kūpono a me ka mea mua, ʻo ia hoʻi. ʻano mea kanu, a holoholona. Hoʻohui akamai ʻo Polyps i kēia mau hana.
Waiwai
No nā kānaka, ʻaʻole wale ke koʻa i kahi lawaiʻa, akā he mea waiwai nui mai kahi manaʻo nani. ʻO nā mānoanoa nunui e hana ana i nā polyps i kapa ʻia he mau ʻākala. Aia ma ka puʻuwai o ia ʻano ʻāina nā iwi o madrepore kanaka.
Hāpai ʻia lākou e kekahi ʻano limu kūikawā, i loaʻa pū i ka limu. Komo pū ka mollusks a me ka crayfish i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pali. ʻO Madreporovye polyps pōhaku lawa kūpono. Inā lilo ka wai i ka paʻakai, hoʻomaka ka make o nā holoholona. Hiki i ke Desalination ma muli o ka ua ua, a i ʻole ma kahi o ka waha o ka muliwai.
Hōʻino nā kupapaʻu o polyps i ke kaiapuni. No laila, inā make kahi pali, make nā kamaʻāina āpau o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e laʻa. Worms, molluscs, crustaceans and hedgehogs coexist inseparably with ʻākoakoa.
Kokolo kekahi, a ʻauʻau paha ma kahi o ka ʻili, a ʻeli kekahi i nā lua i ka lime a noho i loko. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i kahi holoholona ke hele i waho i ka manawa, hiki i ke kolone ke hoʻopaʻa iā ia i loko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e make ka paʻahao, akā e noho kaʻawale ia, e loaʻa ana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai.
Laki maikaʻi e ʻike i kahi tridacna nunui i aʻa i waena o nā polypoids. Nui wale kēia mollusk, hiki ke kaumaha ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau kilokika. Akā ʻo ka mea nui kona helehelena. ʻO ka ʻahuʻula nani o ka invertebrate e puka aku ana ma ʻō aku o nā ʻauwa o nā iwi a nānā aku he mea mahalo.
E ʻike i kahi e hoʻomalu ai i nā nāhelehele mānoanoa a me ka moray. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana lākou i nā koʻa ʻaʻole no ka puʻuhonua, akā i mea e nānā ʻole ʻia ai no kā lākou mau mea i hōʻeha ʻia no kēia manawa. ʻO ka silting, ka nele o ka oxygen a me ke anuanu hoʻi e hoʻopili i ke kumu o nā ʻākoʻo.
ʻO ka Wastewater ka mea hōʻino loa i nā māla kai. Ua ʻike ka Caribbean i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā koʻa nui i nā makahiki i hala aku nei. ʻO nā kahe nui o nā mākaʻikaʻi, a ʻo ka hopena, kahi nui o nā ʻōpala, hoʻohaumia i nā wahi o nā meaola multicellular.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpala i ʻekolu mau ʻano:
- Coastal (ma muli o ka inoa maopopo ka hana ʻia ʻana ma kahakai)
- Pāpale (aia ma waho)
- Attols (mokupuni holoʻokoʻa, kinona kinona. Ma waho o ia ʻano hana he wai hohonu. Ma loko, pāpaʻu loa ia, polū a ʻākea hoʻi ka wai). Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā mau attols, ʻo nā ana i ʻoi aku i nā ana o ke kai holoʻokoʻa.
E like me kā Charles Darwin, ʻike mua ʻia e nā mea āpau, wehewehe, pono ka pali e hele i loko o nā pae mua ʻelua ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano pōʻai. ʻO kēlā mau. hoʻokumu ʻia nā pākako ma kahakai o ka mokupuni, a laila ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai, piʻi hohonu kekahi, a hana nā mea hou i kahakai ʻē aʻe. Pēlā e loaʻa ai nā palapala ālai. Ke hele ka mokupuni ma lalo o ka wai, kū ke apo o ke ola kai.
Ke hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o nā iwi o ka polyps ma luna o ka wai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mokupuni ʻo coral. Hāʻawi kahi kahakai pali o nā iwi iwi calcareous i ke one keʻokeʻo hau (nā iwi o nā polyps i haki ʻia e nā nalu), a ma ke kikowaena o ka mokupuni aia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lepo.
Inā ʻoe e nānā pololei ma lalo o ia i loko o ke kolamu wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi puʻu o nā iwi iwi ʻole, e noho iki nā polyps e noho nei mai ke kahakai. ʻO ka pinepine, he liʻiliʻi nā mokupuni, a akahai nā mea kanu ma luna o lākou, no ka mea hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hana me ka ʻole o ka wai hou no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO nā niu, nā mea kanu like me ka cactus a me nā ʻōpala e like me ka pineapple e noho ma laila. Noho nā moluska a me nā crustacean i ka pōhaku puna i wāwahi ʻia. I ka wā o ke kai eʻe, hāʻule kēia ʻāpana o ka mokupuni, a me ke au haʻahaʻa e ʻike hou ʻia i ka maka o ke kanaka.
Ma ka lihi loa o ka mokupuni, noho kekahi mau ʻano nā koʻa, hiki ke kū i ke kuʻi mau ʻana o nā nalu me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻO kēia ka nui o ka spherical, mushroom a me nā polyp "ʻānai maikaʻi" ʻia. Ua koho nā lālā lālā i nā wahi hohonu. Pēlā nō nā pākako iā lākou iho. ʻO nā mea e noho kokoke iā lākou ua pena ʻia me ka nani. ʻO ka iʻa liʻiliʻi paha.
ʻO nā kolone e hana i nā lagoons a me nā kahakai he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi. Ma ia mau kahakai, ʻaʻole pono nā polyps i kahi substrate, hele mālie lākou i lalo, a i ʻole paʻa i loko me kā lākou hopena haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma laila nā nāwaliwali, lahilahi, lālā a me nā openwork. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā ʻino, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia nā nalu i nā coelenterates, a ʻaʻole pono lākou e kūkulu i nā iwi. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai ka hānai nalu ʻana ke kala liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Akā ʻaʻole mahalo ka poʻe i nā māla o ke kai, akā pili pū nō hoʻi iā lākou i ka hana. Hoʻopau hou ʻia ka lime o nā iwi iwi o ka polyp e hana i kahi mea kūkulu maikaʻi. I nā ʻāina tropical, kūkulu maoli ʻia nā mea āpau mai ona aku, nā hale ʻelua a me nā hale kūʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, lawelawe ka lime ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha no nā kānana a ʻoiai he abrasive no ka wili ʻana.
Loaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻākako a me nā lāʻau. Kūleʻa nui lākou i nā hale kūʻai ʻo Asia. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea nui i ka pālākiō o nā holoholona hihiu, a laila komo nui nā polyps i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona a me nā iʻa e noho pū me lākou.
Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka ʻākoʻako kekahi o nā loulou i ka kaulahao meaʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo nā pōhaku kumu ke kumu o nā kaiaolaola kū hoʻokahi kahi e ola ai nā meaolaola he nui. ʻAʻole pili wale i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kēlā mau māla i kahi e pale ai no ka barracuda a me ka manō. Eia kekahi, mai poina e pili ana i ka hana kānana.
