12% o ko Rūsia ʻāpana he wai. 400,000 ʻahā like kilomika nā loko. Aia he 3,000,000 o lākou ma ka ʻāina. Hou ka hapa nui. ʻO nā loko paʻakai ma Rūsia ma lalo o 10% o ka nui. Hāʻawi ke ʻano o nā kino wai i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole i loko o lākou. No nā loko he haneli o nā ʻano. Aia he 60 ma ka waihona wai ʻo Ladoga wale nō. Akā e hoʻomaka me Baikal. Loaʻa iā ia he 90% o nā waihona wai wai o Rūsia. Pehea ka iʻa?
Iʻa o Lake Baikal
Ma ka helu o nā ʻano iʻa, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo Baikal i ka loko ʻo Ladoga. I ke kai kapu, aia ma kahi o 60 mau mea. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻohana 15 a me 5 kauoha. Ma mua o ka hapalua o lākou he ʻano Baikal ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kino wai ʻē aʻe. I waena o kēlā mau mea:
Omul
E pili ana i ka iʻa keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi ʻohana o omul salmon. Hiki i ka iʻa 50 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kaumaha ma kahi o 3 kilokilo. ʻOiai he 50 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, aia kekahi mau kānaka 60 kenimika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 3 kilo. I loko o nā makahiki, ʻaʻole omul wale wale, akā make pū kekahi. Pili ka hāʻule o ka heluna kanaka me ka lawaiʻa ʻeleu. Ma kēia mea, i nā moku Baikal, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā kapu lawaiʻa no nā lāhui endemik.
Iʻa e noho ana i ka loko ua mahele ʻia i 5 mau heluna. ʻO ka omul Severobaikalsky ka mea nui a ʻono hoʻi. Aia kekahi mau ʻelele ʻelele, Selenga, Barguzin a me Chivyrkuy. Ua inoa ʻia no ko lākou wahi ma Lake Baikal. He mau koʻa ʻo Barnuzinsky lāua ʻo Chevyrkuisky. ʻO Posolsk a me Selenginsk kahi noho ma kahakai o ka loko.
Golomyanka
ʻO ka iʻa viviparous wale nō o Lake Baikal. ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana e hoʻolei i nā hua manu ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau no nā latitude ʻākau. Noho ka hapa nui o nā iʻa viviparous i ka tropic. Kū ka golomyanka i waho no kona transparency. Holo ke koko a ʻike ʻia ka iwi iwi ma o ka ʻili o ka holoholona.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma Baikal 2,000,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ka golomyanka i ʻelua mau ʻano. Hōʻea ka nui i 22 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO golomyanka liʻiliʻi - 14 cm iʻa i ka loko.
Pili ka inoa o ka golomyanka me ka nui o kona poʻo. Helu ia i ka hapahā o ka wahi o ke kino. Hoʻopiha ka waha nui me nā niho liʻiliʻi a ʻoi. Kōkua lākou i ka ʻimi kūleʻa i nā crustacea a me nā ʻai.
40% o ka momona golomyanka momona. Hāʻawi ia i ka iʻa me ka buoyancy kūlike ʻole. Lele maoli ka iʻa i nā lewa kūleʻa a i ʻole hoʻohuli.
ʻO Golomyanka kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā iʻa momona loa
Pālahalaha hohonu
Noho ia i ka hohonu a i 1,500 mau mika. He poʻo nui ko ka iʻa me ka lae ākea a me kahi kino gelatinous palupalu. Aia he 24 mau ʻano i loko o ka ʻohana. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka mea nui he 28 kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ulu ka mea hoʻolaha broadhead broadhead i 7.
Ma ka laulā, aia he 29 mau ʻano o nā gobies ma Baikal. ʻO 22 wale nō o lākou ka hopena o ka loko. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano iʻa Baikal kū hoʻokahi he 27.
ʻO ka nui o nā broadheads mai ka liʻiliʻi a i ka nui o ka poʻe, e like me ka laha
ʻO ka iʻa o Ladoga Lake
Inā ʻo Baikal ka loko nui loa ma Rūsia, a laila ʻo ka waihona wai ʻo Ladoga ka nui ma ʻEulopa. Ma waena o nā ʻano laha he 60 o nā iʻa kūloko.
ʻO Volkhov keʻokeʻo
Kēia endemik o Lake Ladoga hiki i 60 kenimika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia 5 kilokilo. No laila, ʻo ka Volkhov ʻano kekahi o nā keʻokeʻo nui loa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka heluna kanaka i ka puke Red. Ua keʻakeʻa ʻo Volkhovskaya hydroelectric power station i ke ala e puka mai ai ka iʻa. ʻOiai e hāmama ana, ʻo ia hoʻi, a hiki i ke kolu mua o ka 20 kenekulia, ua loaʻa ka Volkhov keʻokeʻo ma 300,000 mau huelo i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Volkhov keʻokeʻo ma ka Red Book
Puʻukonu ʻAkelanika
Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā lāhui make pono ʻole kai loko iʻa... ʻO ka manawa hope loa i ʻike ʻia kahi paʻa paʻa ʻAkelanika ma Lake Ladoga ma ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala. Ua noho kahi ʻano iʻa kūikawā i loko o ka waihona wai. Ke mau nei ka manaʻolana ʻaʻole 100% ka make o ka loko o ka loko. E ʻike ʻoe i kahi paʻa ma Ladoga, e hoʻomaopopo i nā lawelawe kaiapuni.
ʻIke ʻia ua ola nā lacustrine-muliwai lehulehu o ka Atlantic paʻa i loko o nā kino wai i Palani. ʻIke ʻia nā mea hoʻokahi ma Georgia.
ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o Lake Ladoga, akā he waiwai koʻikoʻi kā lākou. Pike perch, bream, pike, burbot, perch, roach, dace e loaʻa i ka waihona. Hopu ma Ladoga a me rudd, puhi, chub. No ka carp ka hope, loaʻa ke kaupaona a 8 kilo, a ulu i ka lōʻihi a 80 kenimika.
ʻO ka iʻa o Onega Lake
Aia he 47 mau iʻa i loko o Lake Onega. ʻO Vendacea a me smelt nā iʻa kalepa nui i ka waihona. ʻAʻole waiwai ka loko i nā endemics. Kūpono ke ʻano o ka iʻa no nā kino wai āpau o Karelia. Aia nā inoa kaulana a koʻikoʻi hoʻi i Onega, e laʻa me:
Sterlet
Pili ʻo Sterlet iā Sturgeon. Kūlike lākou i ka cartilaginous, ʻaʻole iwi, iwi iwi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe unahi o ka sterlet a aia kahi chord. I nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka iwi kuamoʻo.
Piʻi ka sterlet i 1.5 mau mika, e loaʻa ana i 15 kg kaupaona. Kaulana ka iʻa no kona ʻono a he ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula kāna. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka sterlet ma ke kaʻe o ka make. Pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻana.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka sterlet ma waena o nā mea paʻa ʻo ia ka lehelehe lalo i keʻakeʻa ʻia. Pau i ke kolu mua o ka lehelehe luna. ʻO ka luna he like me ka ihu. Kuhi ʻia a upturned, hāʻawi i ka iʻa i ke ʻano o kahi holoholona hoihoi a maʻalea hoʻi.
ʻO Sterlet, kahi iʻa ʻaʻohe unahi
Palia
E kuhikuhi i ka samani. ʻOiai nā ana e pale ai i ka palia, ke emi nei nā helu. ʻO Lake Onega kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi kahi i hopu pinepine ʻia ai ka holoholona Red Book i nā mea lawaiʻa.
ʻElua ʻano o Palia: ludozhny a me ka kualapa. Hōʻike ka inoa hope i ka nohona o nā iʻa ma lalo o snags, i nā wahi hohonu a me nā wahi kaʻawale o ka waihona.
Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo Palia kekahi o nā mea ʻono loa i waena o ka salemona. ʻO nā iʻa o nā kahawai a me nā loko loaʻa ke kaupaona 2 kilokilo. Aia kekahi mau mea ke kaupaona ʻia he 5 kilo. I ka manawa like, i ka nānā hohonu, like ke kālā me ke kālā. I ka char, noho kokoke i ka ʻili o Lake Onega, māmā wale ka ʻōpū. Polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kua o ka iʻa.
ʻO Palia kekahi o nā iʻa rarest
Ma waho o ke kūʻai aku ʻana a me ke ʻala, hoʻolaha ʻia ka iʻa keʻokeʻo, pike perch, burbot, roach, ruffs, pike a perch ma Lake Onega. ʻO nā ʻano kukui ʻelua he mea maʻamau. He iwi ā ʻole ka iʻa hope loa a like me ka leech nui. Paʻa nā Lampreys i ka poʻe i make, e hānai ana i ko lākou koko.
ʻO ka iʻa o ka Moana Keʻokeʻo
Aia kahi mahiʻai iʻa aliʻi ma kona mau kapakai. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma lalo o Mikhail Romanov. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lawaiʻa o ka loko iʻa e nā hae kokoke i nā mea hou i hana ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19. A laila i ka White Lake i helu ʻia ma kahi o 20 mau iʻa. Aia i waena o lākou ka hulu a me ka waiwai. Ke koi nei kēia mau ʻano i ka saturation o ka wai me ka oxygen, e hōʻike ana i ka ea maikaʻi o ka White Lake. Noho ʻia kekahi e:
Asp
Kāhea ʻia kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana carp he lio a me kahi ʻano. Paakiki e ʻōlelo he aha nā iʻa i loko o nā loko lele i waho o ka wai e like me ke kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi manawa, holo ka asp i ka alualu ʻana i ka pio. Hoʻopau kāna mea ʻino iā ia me kahi huelo ikaika. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana me ka iʻa immobilized, hoʻopau ka asp i ka pono e ʻeli i loko me nā niho. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā lākou kahi lunamaka o ka ʻohana carp.
ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau o asp ka 3 kilokilo. Hiki i ka iʻa 70 kenimika ka lōʻihi. I Kelemania, ua hopu ʻia he 10 kg mau kānaka. I Lūkia, he 5 kilokilo ka moʻolelo.
Zander
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka iʻa waiwai nui o ka White Lake. ʻAʻohe endemics i loko. Hele mai nā iʻa i ka waihona wai mai nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko ona, e laʻa me Kovzhi a me Kema. Hoʻohui lākou me White i kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau. ʻO kēia kahakai ka iʻa nui loa
ʻO Pike perch i loko o ka White Lake kahi momona, ʻono, nui. ʻO kekahi o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia he 12 kilokilo ke kaumaha. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi makana ma ka ʻākau hikina o ka waihona wai. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa i 100 kenimika. ʻO nā nui nui ke ʻano o ka pike perch maʻamau. ʻO ia ka mea i loaʻa i ka White Lake. I nā waihona wai ʻē aʻe, aia he 4 mau lāhui hou aʻe.
ʻO ke kū o ka pike perch i ka White Lake e hōʻike ana i ka maʻemaʻe o kāna wai. ʻAʻole hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻae i ka haumia, a me ka hoʻohaumia liʻiliʻi. Akā aia ka palena o ka pike perch. I hoʻokahi iʻa 2-kg, ua loaʻa nā gobies 5 a me 40 mau puʻupuʻu.
Makemake ʻo Pike perch e noho i nā kino wai maʻemaʻe
Chekhon
Pili i ka ʻohana carp. He elongated ka iʻa, a pālahalaha ʻia ma hope. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e like me ka herring. Haule maʻalahi nā unahi o ka holoholona. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka sabrefish kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka nui nui. Ke kiʻi nei i kahi lōʻihi o 70 kenimika, ʻaʻole kaupaona nā iʻa ma mua o 1.2 kilokilo.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka saberfish i mau manawa portends ka neʻe o ka zander. No laila, hopu ʻia kēia iʻa kekahi ma hope o kekahi. Pīkī maoli ʻo Pike perch. Lālau ʻo Chekhon i ka maunu me ka ʻoʻoleʻa.
ʻOno ka ʻono o nā iʻa āpau i ka White Lake, me ka ʻaʻohe ʻala hopo ʻole. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai a me kona ʻano. He ʻono like ko ka iʻa maloʻo, akā momona ia ma muli o ka hoʻohui o ka sodium glutamate. He mea hoʻonui i ka ʻono. Maikaʻi ʻo Beloozersk hopu me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui.
ʻO ka iʻa Predatory o nā loko
Nui a hewahewa nā inoa i waena o ka poʻe hōkai o nā loko Lūkini. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole noi kēia i ka hanohano o ka iʻa. E hoʻomanaʻo kākou i kekahi o lākou.
ʻO ka pōpoki
ʻO kēia predator he 5-mika a me 300-kilogram. ʻAno nui ka iʻa, hānai maoli i ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia, e hāmama nui ana i kona waha ākea. Mālama ʻo Catfish i kahi nohona o lalo, e hūnā ana i nā kaumaha ma lalo o nā snags, ma kahakai. ʻOi aku ka iʻa i nā loko hohonu, nā wai lepo.
Rotan
ʻO ka iʻa Predatory o ka ʻohana lāʻau. Hōʻike ka inoa o ka ʻohana a me nā ʻano ponoʻī i kona mau hiʻohiʻona. Noho ke poʻo i ka hapakolu o ke kino, a nui ʻole ka waha o ka holoholona. ʻImi ka holoholona i nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻelala, iʻa. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea pio nui loa no ka rotan, nona nā mea he nui i ka waha o ka iʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia i nā nui. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha rotan ma mua o 350 gram, a ʻo ka lōʻihi he 25 kenimika.
Loach
ʻO kahi iʻa pālahalaha a lōʻihi me ka waha e hoʻopuni ʻia e 10 antennae ma ka lalo o ke poʻo. Loaʻa i ka loach kahi huelo huelo poepoe, a ʻo nā mea ma ke kino he liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ke ʻano.
He aha ke ʻano iʻa i loaʻa i ka loko ʻaʻole hoihoi nui ka loach. ʻAi ka iʻa e like me ka nahesa i nā ilo, molluscs a me nā crustacean, e loaʻa ana iā lākou ma lalo. Hana ka loach i nā koi liʻiliʻi i nā waihona wai, e noho nei i nā mea maloʻo. Ua aʻo ka iʻa i ka hanu ʻana ma o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻili. Hoʻololi lākou i nā gills e hana i ke alo o ka wai. Ke holo a wai ka wai, komo ka loach i loko o ka silt, e hāʻule ana i loko o kahi ʻano ʻano hāmeʻa i kāpae ʻia.
Pike
Manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā loko Lūkini. Hopu ka iʻa i nā mea a pau e neʻe, me kona ʻohana. ʻIke lākou i kahi pike e kona poʻo ākea a me ke kino elongated. ʻO ke kala o ka iʻa i ʻōniʻoniʻo a i ʻike ʻia.
I ʻole e ʻai ʻia e ia iho, ulu wikiwiki ka pike, a hiki i kahi paona kilokika i 3 mau makahiki wale nō. Ke kiʻi nei i kahi nui o 30-40 kilokilo, lilo ka holoholona i ka piko o ke kaulaʻai o ka waihona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono nā pikes kahiko i ka meaʻai. E paʻakikī kaʻiʻo a ʻaʻala e like me ka lepo. Uhi ʻia ka iʻa ponoʻī i ka lau nahele. Ua hopu nā lawaiʻa i nā nunui, e like me nā ʻoka o ka tartar.
ʻO Alpine char
He iʻa relict i noho i ke au Ice. Loaʻa ia, no ka laʻana, ma Lake Frolikha, ma ka Lepupalika ʻo Buryatia. He salemona ka char. Hiki i ka iʻa i ka lōʻihi o 70 kenimika a me ke kaumaha o 3 kilokilo. ʻAi ka ʻano alpine i nā crustacean a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka holoholona mai ka char maʻamau i kona nui liʻiliʻi a me kahi kino holo.
ʻO Grayling
ʻO ka inoa o nā iʻa predatory he nui o nā loko o Lūkia me he mea lā ua kamaʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā holoholona iā lākou iho. E hoʻomanaʻo mākou, e laʻa me ka hina hina Baikal. Noho kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o nā iʻa i ka loko. Mālamalama maoli ke kala o nā kānaka. Hui ʻia ka iʻa me ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka haumia iki o ka loko e alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi o ka lehulehu.
Ma waho ona, aia kekahi hina hina i Lake Baikal. No nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ka papa Siberian. Aia kekahi hina hina ʻEulopa i loaʻa i nā loko o ke komohana o ka ʻāina.
Pākuʻi hina ʻo Baikal White
I ka kiʻi paʻi he hina hina
