ʻAʻole wale ʻo Baikal he loko a i ʻole kahi mālama kūlohelohe, he honua kupaianaha a kū hoʻokahi ia me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī, i ʻike ʻia e kēlā me kēia kanaka mai ke kula.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, nui nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i hiki ke loaʻa ma kona mau kapakai ʻaʻole i helu wale ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book, noho wale lākou i hoʻokahi, wahi kū hoʻokahi ma kā mākou honua, ma nā kahakai o Lake Baikal.
Nā sila o Baikal
Kūleʻa ka poʻe a pau o kēia mālama kūlohelohe e pili ana i ke alo o kahi kanaka, kahi a lākou e maʻa ai mahalo i ka ecotourism ulu. Akā ka mea makemake nui ʻia holoholona o Baikal no nā kiʻi- a me nā aniani wikiō o nā mākaʻikaʻi, ʻo ia nō, he sila.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā sila Baikal i nā sila. ʻO kēia mau hulks nani e kokoke ana i ka make ma muli o ka hana lōʻihi o ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻōpala i loko o ka loko, a i kēia manawa e pale nui ʻia nā ʻano Baikal o nā sila, he ʻano maoli kā kēlā me kēia holoholona.
Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hopena o kēia mau holoholona nani i nā wai kaʻawale o ka loko. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo kūpono loa e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā glaciation mai ka Moana Arctic.
Hoʻolālā nā sila i ko lākou manawa āpau i ka wai, a laila kū i waho e huki i ka ea i loko o kā lākou mau māmā. I nā lā maikaʻi, pumehana, keu hoʻi i ka hāʻule mua, hoʻololi lākou i kā lākou ʻano a hele i uka a i ʻole i kekahi ʻalā e moe ai a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lā.
Moe lākou ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai, i nā ʻāpana hummocky, ma lalo o ka hau, e hoʻohana ana i ka hibernation no ka hana hou. ʻO nā wana wahine ʻo Baikal ke oʻo ma mua o nā kāne, a hiki i ke kāne makua e 4-4.5 mau makahiki, akā ʻo nā "keikikāne" e hoʻomaka i ka hoihoi iā lākou ma 5-6 mau makahiki wale nō.
He 11 mau mahina ka hapai ʻana o ka wahine, a hānau ʻia nā pēpē mai Pepeluali a i waena o ʻApelila. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā wahine ke hānau a 40-45 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke ola nei nā sila i nā kūlana maikaʻi ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka maʻa mau hoʻokahi cub, kākaʻikahi ka lua. Kau paona ʻia nā sila hou he 3.5-4 kg a uhi ʻia me ka hulu keʻokeʻo hau.
Hoʻololi ke kaumaha o kahi holoholona makua mai 50 a 150 kg, ke loaʻa nei ke sila i kona ola a pau, e hānai ana i ka iʻa, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano golomyanka-goby, e ʻai ana i 4-5 kg iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.
No hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i kēlā me kēia mau ʻokiʻoki ke ʻai e pili ana i kahi iʻa o ka iʻa, ʻoiai ke sila nei he ʻauʻau kai lokomaikaʻi loa ia, ke ulu nei, inā pono, ka wikiwiki o 20-25 km / h.
Elk
Noho ʻo Prongs ma waena o Eurasia, akā ʻo kēia holoholona ma Baikal – kākaʻikahi, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā moose ʻē aʻe, ka mea mua, i ka nui. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ke kaupaona o ka elk e noho ana ma kahakai o ka loko 400, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o 500 kg.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau mea nani i nā mea mae i kona palena haʻahaʻa he 2.5 mau mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu mika. Loaʻa nā anela mana loa a nani hoʻi i ka moose 15 makahiki, a noho lākou ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi no 25-30 mau makahiki.
Haule nā pū i loko o Ianuali, hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā "mea hou" i ka hoʻomaka mua o Malaki. Kū ka rut i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, a hānau ʻia nā keiki bipi moose liʻiliʻi i Mei-Iune. Noho nā ʻelemākule i nā hui liʻiliʻi o 4-8 kanaka, e ʻai ana i nā mauʻu a me nā wana, a i ka hoʻoilo ʻai lākou i ka ʻili.
Dia dia musk
He mau dia ʻuʻuku kēia, i kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia lākou he dia "niho ʻoni kuʻi". He moʻolelo nani ko nā kamaʻāina kūloko e pili ana i ke aloha o ka dia me kahi lynx, a ua lilo ka dia musk i hua o kēia kuko.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona kū hoʻokahi, e like me nā sila, aia ma ke kaʻe o ka make. I kēia hihia, ke kumu o nā poachers. ʻO nā dia musk kāne kahi kumu o ka musk, kahi waiwai kū hoʻokahi o ka holoholona i hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu no nā hoʻomoʻa he nui, nā mea ʻala a me nā kauka.
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā dia liʻiliʻi ma ka Honua. ʻO ke kaupaona kiʻekiʻe o nā dia musk he 18 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino hoʻokahi wale nō mika. ʻAʻohe o lākou pepeiaohao, akā he ʻāʻī nani nā kāne, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pry maʻalahi i nā laikini mai nā kumu lāʻau - kahi mea leʻaleʻa o nā dia musk. Hoʻomaka ka rut i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, a 190-200 mau lā ma hope mai, hānau ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
Wolverine
Clumsy a, i ka nānā mua ʻana, pale ʻole, Baic wolverines he dexterous, wikiwiki a kolohe ʻole hoʻi i ka ʻohana weasel. ʻAno like loa me ka bea liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka wolverine ke awelika o ka mika i ka lōʻihi.
He mea hahai holoholona kēia a me kahi huakaʻi huakaʻi ʻole, i hoʻokahi lā e hele ʻo ia i 40-50 km e ʻimi ana i ka mea pio me ka ʻole o ka paʻakikī. ʻAi kēia cutie i nā manu, nā koʻokoʻo, nā hua manu, inā hālāwai ʻo ia me kahi pūnana, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i ke kino a hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i kahi dia ʻeha a make paha. Nui nā moʻolelo a ka poʻe ʻōiwi kūloko e pili ana i ka wolverine maʻalea, hoʻopunipuni, e luku maʻalahi i ka moose puʻupuʻu.
ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa kikoʻī no ka male ʻana, akā hānau maʻamau nā wahine i ka hoʻoilo, e kūkulu ana i ana o nā tunnels i ka hau. Eia kekahi, ua aʻo nā makuakāne i nā mea e hana nei a ma laila, e mālama nei i ka ʻohana a lawe mai i ka meaʻai i ka wahine a me nā pēpē.
Hiki i nā "kaikamahine" Wolverine ke hoʻohua i nā keiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, akā e like me nā ʻike i mālama ʻia mai ka makahiki 1969, kākaʻikahi loa kēia. Noho kēia mau nani shaggy no 10-15 mau makahiki, a i loko o kahi mālama he hoʻokahi wale nō lākou, akā he ʻenemi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi - ka ʻīlio hae.
ʻ Wolflio ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka holoholona laha loa i kēia lā, nona ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻalopeke e like me ka huikau, i noho ma ko mākou ʻāina ma Altai, Buryatia, Primorsky Krai. I kēia lā, ma ka moku o nā kapakai, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kēia ʻano, e hoʻohana ana i nā holoholona i lawe ʻia mai North China.
Ua aʻa maikaʻi kēia mau nani fluffy, ka nui o nā kahu hipa Kelemania, a i kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi i ka mālama. Ma hope o ka manawa, e lilo lākou i poʻe hipa koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka nohona o nā kāne ʻulaʻula nani e like me nā ʻīlio hae maʻalahi. Huli like lākou, ma nā ungulate, akā inā lākou e ʻike i kahi wōlō e holoholo nei ma ke ala, poina lākou i nā mea āpau o ka honua, e hoʻomaka koke nei e alualu i ka mea ʻino.
ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa kikoʻī no ka moʻo ʻana, ʻo ka hāpai ʻana o kahi ʻīlio hae he 60-65 mau lā, a hānau ʻia nā ʻōpua wahine mai ʻelua a ʻumi paha mau makahiki. Hiki i nā Wolves ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki, akā hoʻomaka lākou e male i ʻelua.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia ʻano, a me nā ʻīlio hae ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia e "aloha no ke ola", kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa. Noho nā holoholona i nā ana a me nā grottoes.
Noho kēia mau predators nani mai 12 a 15 mau makahiki, a ua nalowale lākou mai ka palena o Rūsia ma muli wale nō o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka ʻaihue ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula wale nō i kī ʻia no ka pono o kā lākou mau huelo kupaianaha, mai 50 knm ka lōʻihi, e like loa me nā ʻalopeke.
ʻO Bear
ʻOiai ʻo nā bea ʻeleʻele, e like me ka moose, e noho a puni ʻo Eurasia, aia wale nō i ka loko iʻa ke aliʻi lākou he mau mōʻī maoli. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau kāne uʻi e noho kokoke ana i ka wai o Lake Baikal he 2.5-3 mau mika, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. He mea nui ka holoholona, noho kau, hoʻolalelale ʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, inā pono, hele maʻalahi ia a 300 km i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a hoʻi hou.
Kūleʻa nā bea Baikal, e like me nā mea āpau, akā makemake lākou i ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia meaʻai. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka meli i kahi iʻa hou, hiki ʻole i nā bea ke waiho i ka wai no ka hapalua lā. ʻO ka hibernation ma ke kahakai e mau ana i ʻeono mau mahina; kūkulu nā bea i nā lua maʻaneʻi ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa hoʻolaʻa no ka moʻa ʻana, i ka manawa mai hoʻokahi a ʻehā mau pēpē i hānau ʻia, ka mea e lilo i kā lākou hibernation mua me ka bea. A noho nā bea i kahi mālama no 20-25 mau makahiki.
ʻO Lynx
ʻO ka lynx kahi kāleka kipa o kahi mālama. He pōpoki ikaika nahenahe, no ka pono o ka hui pū ʻana me ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ikaika loa. Eia kekahi, ʻike mālie ka lynx iā lākou iho i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, me ka manaʻo ʻole e hūnā a holo aku paha. Noho wale lākou i nā wahi paʻakikī loa o ka mālama.
He pōpoki ʻo ia, inā he lynx Baikal kēia pōpoki. He mehameha kēia holoholona. ʻAʻole hānau ʻo Lynxes i kēlā me kēia kau, aia he 3-5 mau keiki kime maʻamau, a ʻaʻohe mālama ka makua kāne i ka ʻohana.
Huli ka lynx no nā mea āpau, ʻo kāna papaʻai he hares, dia, ʻalopeke. ʻO nā mea āpau āna e ʻike ai a hiki ke hopu. ʻAʻole loa ia e hele ma mua o kahi pūnana me nā hua, akā ʻaʻole ʻai pinepine, akā e kīkē wale me kāna ʻāpā.
Hoʻouka ka lynx mai kahi hoʻohālua, ke hoʻomohala wikiwiki nei a kiʻekiʻe loa. Akā i kēia manawa, he nui nā manawa e pakele ai ka mea pio, no ka mea, ua lele ka pōpoki i 70 mika o ka alualu.
Eia naʻe, inā holo pono nā mea āpau no ka lynx, a lele koke ʻo ia i kāna mea pio, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ka manawa o ka elk e ola ai. ʻAʻohe mahalo o ka lynx i nā mea āpau. ʻāpuna holoholona o Baikal, akā, ʻano ʻē, noho kū ʻole i ka pili ʻana i nā wolverine.
Irbis
He holoholona kaʻao, aneane kupanaha - ka irbis, ka leopadi hau o Lake Baikal. ʻAʻole wale kēia holoholona i waena holoholona o ka Buke Ulaula o Baikal, he kūlana kūikawā kāna - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopā ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana, me kahi hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
Inā hoʻouka ka leopadi, hiki i kahi mākaʻikaʻi ke hoʻohana wale i nā pana me nā lāʻau moe, e like me ke kānāwai pekelala e pili ana i ka pale o nā ʻano manu laha ʻole.
Ma ka hapanui, ma loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka mālama. Mai ka 1969, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o nā leopadi i nā kānaka. Noho kēia mau mea ʻaihue ma ka panalāʻau o kahi mālama holoʻokoʻa, e huli i ka ungulate a, ma ka laulā, ʻano like me nā pōpoki nui loa. Hoʻohui ʻia kēlā me kēia holoholona. I kēia lā 49 leopadi e noho nei ma ka panalāʻau o ka mālama.
ʻO ke kaumaha o kēia mau kāne uʻi mai 55 a 65 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi kino ikaika i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā mākala kila mai 1.05 a 1.1 mika. Makemake nā Leopadi e hoa kāne mai Ianuali a i ka hopena o Malaki, a ma hope o 100 mau lā mai ka hānau ʻana o nā kittens keʻokeʻo hau ʻelua a ʻehā.
I ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, hoʻomaka mau nā leopadi hau me nā ungulate, akā naʻe, no ka lōʻihi o ka waiho ʻana o ka leopadi me ka neʻe ʻole o ka hoʻohālua, lele koke kahi hare ma kahi kokoke. I kēia hihia, lawe ʻia ka hare hūpō e ka hahau ʻana me ka ʻūpā, wikiwiki ia e ʻike ʻole ke kanaka.
Pau ka hahai holoholona ma laila, ʻai mālie ka leopadi i ke kupapaʻu o ka hare, a inā kū kahi hipa kāne, dia a kao paha i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou a hiki i ka wā e pōloli hou ai ka leopadi hau. Pono kēia pōpoki nui i 3 a 5 kg iʻa i ka manawa.
Hare
Ke kamaʻilio nei holoholona o Baikal, ʻo ka mea mua loa, hoʻomanaʻo lākou e pili ana i nā mea hōkū, e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano laha a ʻaneʻane make, e poina ana i ka hare. ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi holoholona, me ka ʻole o ka hapa nui o nā "predatory a nani" ʻaʻole i make wale i ka pōloli. Noho ʻo Hares ma loko o kahi mālama a lawelawe i meaʻai ma kahi o nā predators.
ʻO nā keʻokeʻo ponoʻī, nui nā holoholona. Kaupaona lākou mai 2.5 a 5 kg, a hiki i ka lōʻihi hiki i 50 knm. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻeleu ka ʻaha i ke ahiahi a me ka pō, akā hana mau nā hares ma Lake Baikal.
ʻEli lākou i nā mink hohonu, mai 8-9 m, aia kēia ma muli o ka makemake o ka hares ʻaʻole e lilo i ka poʻe pōloli e noho ana i ka "Red Book". ʻAi nā bea keʻokeʻo i nā mea kanu a pau loa, a me nā lau ʻelua, nā hua a me nā pua, a me nā aʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai lākou i ka ʻili a me nā lālā.
Aloha ʻo Bunnies e hānai, lawe mai kahi hare i 3-4 mau ʻie lime o 2-6 mau lāpaki i ka makahiki. Noho ʻo Hares i kahi mālama i nā "ʻohana" nunui, a pili maoli lākou a "kōkua" kekahi i kekahi.
Alopeke
ʻO nā ʻalopeke e noho ana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma kahakai o kahi mālama moana, he ʻano ʻē, kū hoʻokahi. Ma aneʻi wale nō e ʻoluʻolu ai nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula e pili ana i ka poʻe, a ke ʻike lākou i kahi hui o nā ecotourist, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele wale, akā hoʻomaka lākou e "pose", e minoʻaka ana me kā lākou muʻu nani.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hua kēia hana a me ke kaulana o ka maʻalea ʻulaʻula i waena o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i kāpae i ka pōpoki, lynx, a me ka leopadi hau o Pallas.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe pono nā ʻalopeke iā lākou iho, no ka mea, waiho mau ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i kahi mea ʻono, no ka laʻana, nā kuki, a nā chanterelles e ʻai ai me ka hauʻoli nui. E hoʻohuli makapō nā alakaʻi i kēlā mau mea, no ka mea, ʻo nā loiloi maikaʻi a nā poʻe i "kamaʻilio" me nā ʻalopeke e hoʻowalewale i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi hou i kahi mālama.
He holoholona lokomaikaʻi ka ʻalopeke. ʻOkoʻa ka nohona o ka poʻe e noho ana ma kahakai o ka loko mai nā poʻe e noho ana i nā ululāʻau ʻEulopa. Ke piʻi nei ke kaumaha o ka chanterelle kūloko ma kahi o 10-15 kg, a hiki ka lōʻihi i 80-90 cm, ke kāpae ʻole i ka huelo. No 60 knm ka huelo, a ulu ʻole nā ʻalopeke no ka lole hulu kanaka, akā ma ke ʻano he "stabilizer" ʻoiai e holo ana.
ʻO ka nani o ka lauoho lauoho ʻāpana 42 i ka pō maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole ma Lake Baikal. ʻAʻole maopopo inā pili kēia i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a i ʻole ka hana o ka pōʻai nui o ka meaʻai nui o nā ʻalopeke - nā hares.
Noho ʻo Chanterelles ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa mai 3 a 10 mau makahiki, akā i ka wā mālama ua lōʻihi ko lākou ola, e like me nā helu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me ke kōkua o nā huntsmen, hoʻomaka nā ʻalopeke kūloko ma 15-17 makahiki.
Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā lua o nā ʻalopeke no ka puʻuhonua mai ka makaʻu a i ʻole ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole a no nā keiki hānau. Inā maikaʻi ke aniau, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi a puni a ʻaʻole hānau ka ʻalopeke - e moe ʻo ia i lalo e hiamoe ma lalo o kahi laʻalāʻau, ʻōwili ʻia i kahi kinipōpō.
He ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi nā ʻalopeke, akā ma Lake Baikal he lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa lākou a he poʻe aloha i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻenuhe a me nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻomaopopo pū kēlā i nā "ʻulaʻula" kūloko mai nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau.
ʻAʻohe o lākou manawa kikoʻī no "pili male", akā makemake nā ʻalopeke i ka hānau hānau ʻana i ka mua o ka puna. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i kipaku aku ka wahine i kahi ʻano loko ʻino i ke kāne, ʻoiai, inā holo pono nā mea āpau no ka ʻalopeke, e ʻike ʻia nā keiki i ka "hoʻoilo".
Pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻana i nā pēpē. He aha nā ʻohana o nā ʻalopeke i ke ola, e like me nā ʻīlio hae. He teritori ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, inā lawa ka meaʻai, mālie nā ʻalopeke e pili ana i nā "malihini".
Maʻamau, holoholona o ka loko Baikal, e like me nā manu a me nā iʻa - hana pū nā mea āpau i kā lākou kū hoʻokahi, honua kūikawā. Pili pili loa lākou āpau, kekahi me kekahi a me ka loko ponoʻī.
ʻIke ʻia kēia i ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka huakaʻi, ke piʻi mau nei ka nui o nā ecotourist, a ʻo ka poʻe i kipa i ka mālama e hoʻi hou lākou.
