Lele hua He lele iki e kū i nā wahi pala nā hua. I kēia manawa o ka manawa, aia ma kahi o 1.5 tausani mau ʻano o kēia mau nalo, he nui ka hapanui o lākou e hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ka ʻoihana genetics.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lele Drosophila
Pili nā wehewehe o ka lele hua, a laila ʻaʻohe mea ma aneʻi - he lele kaulana kēia me ke kala hina a melemele-hina, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 1.5 a 3 millimeter. ʻO ka lele lele Drosophila pili loa i kāna kāne. Ma waena o nā kāne a me lele ka wahine Drosophila he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano:
1. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine - pili pono ko lākou nui i ke ʻano o ke ola a me nā ʻano hānai i ka wā o ke ʻano he larva;
2. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka wahine he ʻano poepoe kona me ka welelau o ka welau, a ʻo ka ʻōpū o ke kāne he ʻano like me kahi paukū me kahi wīwī kuli;
3. Ua hoʻomohala ka wahine i nā britles chitinous luna o ka umauma. He 6 wale nō nā kāne o lākou, ʻoiai ʻo ke ono a me ka hiku i hoʻohui ʻia.
4. I kahi o ka ʻōpū, ʻehā mau papa chitinous o ka wahine, ʻoiai he ʻekolu wale nō nā kāne.
5. I nā kāne, ma ka ʻāpana mua o nā forepaws aia kahi pūnana genital, ma nā wahine hemo ʻole.
Pili nā setae chitinous a me nā pā i ka hana lele. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula nā maka o ka lele. Poepoe ke poʻo, lawe lima loa. Ma muli o kēia ʻano lele ʻo ia nā dipterans, ʻo kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ke kū ʻana o ka membrane o nā ʻēheu mua o nā ʻēheu. Nā wāwae - 5-ʻāpana.
I ka ʻepekema, ua lawe kēia ʻano lele i kahi kūikawā ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia nā pūnaewele somatic o ka lele Drosophila 8 chromosome. Kēia nui Lele chromosome lele chromosome hiki i kahi ʻano o nā hoʻololi i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka pepeke kekahi o nā meaola i aʻo nui ʻia i ka honua. ʻO genome lele lele Drosophila hoʻopau piha ʻia a hoʻohana ākea ʻia i nā genetics e hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena o nā lāʻau āpau.
Eia hou, ua hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema i ka 61% o nā hihia ke hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi kanaka Nā pūnaewele lele Drosophila ua like lākou me nā kānaka.
Lele ka nohona Drosophila a me kahi nohona
Noho ka hua lele ʻo ka hapanui ma ka hema o Rūsia, ma nā māla māla aiʻole nā māla waina, kahi e hana ʻole ai ka poʻe e hakakā me ia. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ma Turkey, ʻAigupita, Brazil. I ke kau hoʻoilo, makemake kēia ʻenemi e noho i nā wahi noho kanaka, kokoke i nā hale kūʻai huaʻai a i ʻole nā hale hana wai momona.
I ka kiʻi paʻi kahi lele hua
Komo lākou i loko o nā hale a i ʻole nā keʻena me nā hua i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina hema, a i ʻole noho i loko o kahi ʻōpala a i ʻole nā pua o loko. Mahalo ka poʻe he nui i ka hele ʻana o nā nalo i loko o ka hale inā ʻaʻohe hua momona a me nā mea kanu.
Maʻalahi ka pane - hoʻomoe nā mākua i nā hua i nā mea kanu a me nā hua i ko lākou wā ulu. A laila komo kēia mau huahana i ka hale a ma kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka o ke kaʻina fermentation, hana ʻia nā lele.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he nui nā ʻano o kēia ʻano nīnūnē e noho ana i ke kai wai, a hānai ʻia kā lākou mau ʻōpala i nā hua a me nā ʻelala o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. No kēlā poʻe hoihoi pehea e hoʻopau ai i ka lele hua pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kekahi o nā hana ʻehā i loaʻa i kēia lā:
- Mīkini. Hoʻopili piha i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi a me ka hopu ʻana i nā nalo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena kūikawā a i ʻole ka leki duct.
- Helu kino. E hoʻoneʻe wale i ka meaʻai i kahi anu.
- Kemika. Hoʻohana o nā pesticides i ke ʻano o nā emulsion.
- ʻO Biological. ʻAʻole hiki i ke ala ke hoʻopau loa i nā mea kolo, akā e emi nui kā lākou helu.
Lāʻau lele Drosophila
I kēia lā, aia he 1529 mau ʻano nalo mai ka ʻohana Drosophila. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi o lākou i lalo.
1. ʻEleʻele ʻo Drosophila. ʻO ia ka mea i aʻo nui ʻia o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o kēia lele. He melemele a ʻeleʻele kona kala. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula nā maka. Loaʻa ka nui o ke kino mai 2 a 3 millimeter.
Lāʻau lele Drosophila keʻokeʻo o kēia ʻano, akā hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i ko lākou ulu ʻana. He mau kaha ʻeleʻele ko nā wahine ma ko lākou ʻōpū, a he ʻeleʻele kahi o nā kāne. I loko o kona ola, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe ma kahi o 300 mau hua.
I ke kiʻi, ʻeleʻele ʻo Drosophila
2. Lele hua. ʻAi nui lākou i ka wai mai nā mea kanu hua, ʻai ka larvae i nā microorganism. ʻO ka nui o ka umauma mai 2.5 a 3.5 millimeter. ʻO ka ʻūheu he 5-6 millimeter. ʻO ka ʻāpana waena o ke kua i kahi kala melemele-ʻeleʻele, melemele ka ʻōpū me nā kaha ʻōleʻele, he melemele-melemele a melemele paha ka umauma.
ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula nā maka. Loaʻa i nā kāne o kēia ʻano he ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma ka lalo o nā ʻeheu. Hana ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kekahi kanaka i ka manawa mai 9 a 27 mau lā, ma kahi o 13 mau hanauna e ulu ana i hoʻokahi kau o ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine o kēia ʻano ma mua o nā kāne.
I ke kiʻi, lele ka hua
3. ʻAʻole lele ʻo Drosophila. Ma waena o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia lākou e ka hiki ʻole ke lele, no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻeheu, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe ma ke kolo a lele ʻana paha. ʻAʻole i loaʻa kūlohelohe kēia ʻano, akā ʻo ka hopena hoʻoipoipo drosophila nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kona nui nui, ma kahi o 3 millimeter a me kahi pōʻai ola lōʻihi - hiki ke piʻi i 1 mahina. ʻAi lākou i nā hua pala a me nā mea kanu.
I ke kiʻi, ʻaʻole lele ka lele hua
4. Nui ʻo Drosophila. Noho lākou i nā lumi kahi e nui ai nā hua popopo, ka wai a lākou e ʻai ai. Loaʻa nā ana mai 3 a 4 millimeter. Mālamalama ke kala a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Waihona poʻo - brownish brown.
I ke kiʻi, nui ʻo Drosophila
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Hiki i nā wahine i ke kaʻina o ke ola ke hoʻomoe mai 100 a 150 mau hua. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano lele lele hua i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o nā nalo lele i luna i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e ka ʻepekema i ka manawa hou aku.
Lolo kaʻai pono a Drosophila
ʻAi kēia ʻano lele i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole a me nā huaʻai, omo i ke kohu mai nā kumulāʻau, akā ʻo kā lākou mea ʻai punahele loa ka hua ʻai hōʻino. Akā kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka lele.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻohe o nā nīnū hua i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i nā mea hana o ka waha, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā wai manuahi o nā genesis like ʻole:
- wai kanu;
- wai kō;
- pala nā mea pala o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona;
- hoʻokuʻu mai nā maka, nā ʻeha, nā ʻāpana lima o nā holoholona like ʻole;
- mimi a me nā feces o nā holoholona.
No laila, i mea e hōʻalo ai i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano nalo ma kou hale, pono ʻoe e nānā pono i ka maʻemaʻe, keu hoʻi inā he mau holoholona hānai i kou home.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka lele Drosophila
Holo kope ʻo Drosophila, e like me Diptera āpau, kū i loko o ʻekolu mau hanana:
- Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu.
- Puka mai nā ʻūlū mai nā hua manu.
- Lilo ka larva i makua.
Ma muli o ke alo ʻo ka lele Drosophila he 8 chromosome ulu kona mau larvae a me nā hua i kahi ʻano semi-wai. No laila, kau nā lele wahine i nā hua ma luna o nā hua semi-rotten a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomomona huaola.
Mālama ʻia lākou ma ka papa e hoʻohana ana i nā keʻena lana lana kūikawā. ʻO ka hua manu o kēia ʻano lele e pili ana i ka 0.5 millimeter i ka nui, a i ka hatch ʻana o nā larvae, ua hiki aku ko lākou nui i ka 3.5 millimeter i ka lōʻihi.
I ke ʻano o ka larva, pono e hānai pono kahi lele, ʻoiai ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola e pili i kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I ka manawa koke ma hope o ko lākou helehelena, ʻauʻau ka larvae ma ka papa o ka mea momona, akā ma hope iki hele hohonu lākou i ka hohonu a noho ma laila a hiki i ka pupation.
4 mau lā ma hope o ka hiʻona o ka pupa, loaʻa kahi lele ʻōpio mai ona aku, a hōʻea i ka moekolohe ma hope o 8 mau hola. I ka lua o ka lā ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana, hoʻomaka nā wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua hou a hana pēlā no ke koena o ko lākou ola. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā hua he 50 a 80 i ka manawa.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hānai i kēia mau nalo i nā ʻano hana keʻena hoʻokolohua, Lele ke keʻa kāne Drosophila kāne me ke kino hina a me ka ʻano ʻēheu maʻamau me nā wahine ʻeleʻele i hōʻemi ʻia ke kino. Ma ka hopena o kēia keʻa, 75% o nā laha i loaʻa me kahi kino hina a me nā ʻeheu maʻamau, a ʻo 25% wale nō i ʻeleʻele me nā ʻeheu i hoʻopōkole ʻia.
Pili ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi lele i ke ʻano mahana. Ma kahi mahana ma kahi o 25 kekelē, hiki i kahi lele ke noho no 10 mau lā, a ke iho ka mahana i 18 kekelē, pālua kēia wā. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā lele ke noho ma kahi o 2.5 mau mahina.
