Iʻa honi. Ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, ka nohona a me ka nohona o ka smelt

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Ua honi - iʻa kula liʻiliʻi, lunamakaʻāinana o ka papa ray-finned, ʻohana smelt. Loaʻa ia i nā kai anuanu o ka Moana Honua, i nā kahawai, nā loko, nā wai o uka o ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau.

Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka lā nui no ka smelt. Hana ʻia ia i ka mahina o Mei ma St. Petersburg a hōʻike i ke aloha o nā kamaʻāina no kēia iʻa kālā. ʻO ke ʻoluʻolu, ʻala kukoma o ka smelt ke kūlike me ka lā o Mei a hōʻoia i ka hōʻea hope loa o ka puna.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ʻo Smelt e nā kamaʻāina o Rūsia wale nō. I Kōlea Hema, i ka panalāʻau o Gangwon, aia kahi lā nui e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hānau keiki ʻana. Ma Pinilana, mālama ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka moku Kainuu i ka pāʻina like i ka waena o Mei. I ka mua o Mei, ma ke kaona ʻo Lewiston, New York, hāʻawi ka lehulehu i ʻelua mau lā nui i nā ʻano gastronomic o ka smelt.

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻO Smelt kahi iʻa lahilahi, kālā. ʻO nā mākua ʻoi loa, makua e hoʻonui i ka 17-21 cm ka lōʻihi. Aia nā poʻokela e ulu a 30 cm a hiki i ke kaupaona o 300 g. Predator. Hōʻoia kēia e ka waha niho maikaʻi.

Mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o ke ola i nā wahi pelagic e pili ana i nā wahi e kahe ai nā kahawai i loko o ke kai. Hānai nui ia i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻemi ka ikaika o zhora. Huki ʻia ka iʻa i ka waha o ka muliwai.

ʻAno ʻaʻole haʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka smelt. ʻO capelin wale nō, kahi iʻa i komo i loko o ka ʻohana smelt, hōʻike pono i nā ʻano moekolohe. ʻO nā kāne Capelin he 10% ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine, ʻaʻole maʻa mau no ka smelt. Ua hoʻomohala hou aʻe lākou. Ma nā ʻaoʻao he mau kaha unahi o ka unahi.

Nā ʻano

I loko o nā puke, aia ʻelua mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke kūlana ʻōnaehana i honi. ʻO ka ʻohana iʻa hea ʻaʻole ia i wehewehe pono mau ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōlelo i hala i hala e pili ana i nā salmonid. ʻO Smelt kahi ʻohana o kāna ʻohana i hana nui ʻia nona: smelt.

ʻO ka genus o smelt (Latin Osmerus) nā ʻano 4.

  • ʻO Osmerus eperlanus aka European smelt. He iʻa liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ke Kai Baletika a me ke Kai Akau. ʻAʻole maʻamau i ka wai kai uka o Scandinavia, ʻākau komohana o Lūkia. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ola paʻa i nā loko, ua hānau hou ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia he smelt.
  • ʻO Osmerus mordax a i ʻole smelt ʻĀsia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i kekahi mau mea lawelawe. Noho i ke kai ʻākau. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ia i nā kapakai o nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me Siberian o Lūkia. Ma ka hikina, neʻe ia i kahakai o ka Kōlea Korea. Kū i loko o ka wai kai o Alaska. Komo ia i ka waha o nā kahawai, hiki ke piʻi i luna a ʻike ʻia e like me honi ka muliwai.
  • Pālehu ʻia ka laulaha ʻo Osmerus a i ʻole ka dwarf. ʻO ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o smelt. Noho i nā loko ma ka hikina o Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo New England.
  • ʻO Osmerus dentex a i ʻole smothy toothy. Noho i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ua mākaukau ʻo ia i ke kai Arctic, nā kai ʻo Siberian kapakai mai ke kai Bering a i ke Kai Keʻokeʻo. Ma ka inoa a me kahi e like ai ia me nā subspecies o ka smelt Asia, ʻo ka inoa ʻōnaehana ʻo Osmerus mordax dentex.

ʻO ka ʻohana o ka smelt maʻamau ka smelt liʻiliʻi. Kāhea pinepine nā lawaiʻa iā ia i ka pōkole: liʻiliʻi. ʻO Hipomesus ka inoa ʻōnaehana o kēia genus. Aia ʻelima mau ʻano. Kū ʻelua o lāua.

  • Kai honi ʻAilona liʻiliʻi.
  • Kahuli ka muliwai liʻiliʻi.

Hōʻike ka inoa o ka iʻa i kāna ʻokoʻa nui mai ka smelt maʻamau: he waha liʻiliʻi kona. Pau ka iwi ā luna ma mua o ka waena o ke poʻo. He notch hohonu ka iwi mandibular.

ʻO ka homeland o kēia mau iʻa ka Hikina Hikina, nā Kurile. Ua honi ʻo Smallmouth i nā wai kahakai o Alaska a me Kanada, ʻike ʻia ia ma ka hema, ma ke kai kūʻono o Kaleponi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ke kai liʻiliʻi e hoʻouluulu nei i ka wai paʻakai. ʻO kona kahawai pili, i ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e waiho i nā waihona wai wai.

Aia i loko o ka ʻohana smelt kahi iʻa o ke kumu kūʻai kūʻai kūikawā - capelin. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka World Ocean. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano kūwaho a me ka dimensional i ka smelt maʻamau. Piʻi ʻo ia me ke komo ʻole i nā muliwai, ma kahakai. Smelt i loko o ke kiʻi ʻaʻohe hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka capelin.

Ka nohona a me ka nohona

E pili ana i nā kaʻina hana neʻe honihe iʻa he nui nā helehelena. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o "checkpoint" e pili ana i ka hapa nui o kona ʻano. Hana ka iʻa i ka neʻe makahiki mai ke kai a i ko lākou wahi e hānau ai: nā kahawai. He hemahema koʻikoʻi ko kēia hoʻololi - nā koina ikehu kiʻekiʻe.

Akā hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau pono - hoʻokuʻu mai nā parasite e make ke loli ke ʻano o ka wai. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka kūpaʻa o ka wai wai hou i ka caviar a me nā ʻōpio. He ʻano laha ko ka smelt e noho paʻa i loko o nā wai o uka.

Aia paha nā kahua hawai i loko o nā kahawai e kahe ana i nā kahawai, akā aia paha ma kahi o kahi e hānai ai. No laila paʻakikī e ʻōlelo he aʻa ka iʻa a ka iʻa: i nā wahi nānā a i ʻole sedentary, kahi noho. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano iʻa iʻa iʻa semi-anadromous. Hānau lākou i nāʻauwai muliwai.

I ke kenekulia i hala, i ka Soviet Union, ua hoʻonoho hou ʻia ka smelt i nā kino wai i uka. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻōpio o ʻEulopa i ka honi a me ka honi i loko o nā muliwai a me nā loko. Ua kūleʻa ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua. I ka Russian Federation, ua pau kēia mau hoʻokolohua.

ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka smelt ma ke ʻano he lāhui. Akā ke alakaʻi i nā loli a me nā biospheric e alakaʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka iʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi emi ʻana o ka awelika o ka smelt e nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka moku ʻo Leningrad.

Meaʻai kūpono

I ka hoʻomaka o kona ola, ka papaʻai, e like me nā ʻai a pau o nā iʻa iʻa e komo ai, me ka plankton. A laila invertebrates, tadpoles, crustaceans i loko o ka papaʻai. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona nunui o ka smelt ke hoʻouka i nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole malihini ʻo Cannibalism i kēia iʻa ʻāhinahina. Ma muli o ka maʻamau e ʻai i ka caviar, ma nā wahi āpau, kahi e loaʻa ai ka honi, aia kahi hoʻoweliweli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā iʻa iʻa. ʻO Smelt, ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, he loulou nui ia i loko o ke kaulahao meaʻai nui.

ʻO kāna caviar kahi kōkua kōkua hānai ʻaʻole wale no nā poʻe wai, akā no nā manu a me nā kolo. Huli ʻia ka hulu ʻōpio e nā mea ʻai moana a me nā mea ʻai wai hou, e komo pū ana me ka honi iho. Hāʻawi nui nā iʻa mākua i ka olakino. ʻAi ia i kahi pālākiō nui: cod, bass bass, holoholona o ke kai, me nā koholā.

ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola

I ka wanaʻao, hoʻomaka ka papa iʻa o ka iʻa. ʻO nā ala neʻe i kēlā me kēia heluna o ka smelt ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. O kahi laʻana. Ma ka Yenisei, hana ka iʻa i kahi huakaʻi he 1000 mau kilomita. Mālama ʻia he 3-4 mau mahina no ka honi e lanakila i kēia mamao.

No ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā keiki, ʻauʻau nā iʻa 190-200 mau kilomita ma ka Lena. Pono ʻo ia e hana e pili ana i ka huakaʻi like ke kaʻi ʻana ma ka Amur. Piʻi ka iʻa i 100 mau kilomita ma ka Elbe. No 1-2 kakini kilomika ke ala o ke alanui e hele aku ai i nā kahawai wai i nā kahawai o Primorye. ʻAʻole piʻi aʻe ke kai keʻokeʻo ma nā kahawai no 5-10 mau kilomita.

Smelt, hoʻohālike i ke ʻano o kona kaikaina nui. Ma ka makemake o ka hopena, hoʻolilo ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka loko, a holo kiki e kupu i nā kahawai a ʻo nā kahawai hoʻi e kahe ana i ka loko. Pōkole ke ala i ka pūnaewele hoʻouluulu no ka smelt: kuhi ʻia ia ma nā haneli mau mika. I kekahi manawa kūlike nā kahua huki me nā wahi o ka noho mau, hānai ʻana.

Hiki ke hoʻomaka ka wana ʻana ma + 4 ° C. Hele ia i ka pae hana ma + 8 ... + 10 ° C. Hoʻoholo nui ka mahana o ka wai i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. Ma ʻEulopa Komohana, hoʻomaka ka ʻōhua i Pepeluali-Malaki. Hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia mahina ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻEulopa. I ka manawa like, i Malaki-ʻApelila, kū ia ma waena o Rūsia. I ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, hana hānau keiki i Mei. I nā kahawai ʻo Siberian - i Iune-Iulai.

Hānau nā wahine i nā hua āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Lawe kēia i mau hola. Pili nā kāne i ka moʻo me nā wahine, e hoʻolei ana i ka waiū i nā ʻāpana. Ma muli o kēia, hoʻolilo lākou i ka manawa i ka nui o ka manawa ma ka hānau keiki ma mua o ka wahine. Hana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i ka pō.

Hoʻopili ka iʻa i ka pūnaewele hoʻolaha i nā hui, shoals. I nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai, hoʻomaka ka wai e "hoʻolapalapa" me ka iʻa. He nui nā mea ʻino, me nā ʻalalā, e kakali no kēia manawa e hānai i nā mea pio maʻalahi. Akā ʻaʻole hiki mai ka nui o ka meaʻai no ka lōʻihi. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, pau ka hānau ʻana.

I ka wā o ka spawning, loaʻa i ka smelt kahi lole kikoʻī. ʻEleʻele ka uhi a me ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ke poʻo i ʻeleʻele. ʻOi ka iwi ā lalo. ʻIke ʻia nā puʻupuʻu ma ke kino. I nā wahine, ʻaʻole hōʻike iki kēia mau hoʻololi.

Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā tubercle ke hoʻomaopopo i ka moekolohe ke pili ka iʻa. I ka hihia o ka hoʻopā, nā poʻe o ka like kāne, ʻokoʻa ka iʻa i nā ʻaoʻao. Hana ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka hana i ka moʻa.

Hana ʻia ka spawning ma kahi hohonu pāpaʻu. I nā wahi aia nā limu, nā pōhaku, nā lāʻau drift. ʻO ia, nā mea āpau e hiki ai i ka caviar ke pili. Nui nā mea. Hoʻomoe ia i nā papa. Ke hāʻule ka wai, maloʻo kahi hapa o nā hua. ʻAi ʻia kekahi e nā mea ʻai wai liʻiliʻi, e like me ka smelt iho.

Aia ka nui o nā hua i hāpai ʻia i ka ʻano a me ka makahiki o ka iʻa. Hoʻopuka ʻo Smelt i nā hua he 2000. Nā ʻano nui aku - he ʻumi tausani. ʻO nā wahine o ka ʻano like, ma ke poʻo o ko lākou ulu ʻana, ua hōʻea i kā lākou nui loa - a i 100 mau hua manu.

Ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha pule, fry hatch. Hele lākou i lalo. Hoʻomaka lākou i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Smelt i ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola hiki ke hoʻomau i ka heihei. I nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, lohi ka lohi o ka moekolohe. ʻO ka mea i hala loa aku nei, ua mākaukau ka heluna Siberian o ka smelt ʻEulopa no ka hānau ʻana. Lawe kēia iā ia i 7 mau makahiki.

Kumukūʻai

ʻO ka smelt hou kahi huahana kūloko. No laila, ʻokoʻa nā kumukūʻai no ia i nā wahi like ʻole. Ma St. Petersburg, no ka laʻana, kumukūʻai no kg o smelt, i hopu ʻia i kēia lā a i nehinei paha, hiki i 700 rubles. Ka mea unuhi ia i loko o ka waeʻano o aneane gourmet huahana. Kūʻai liʻiliʻi ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi: 300-500 rubles i kēlā me kēia kilogram.

Ma waho aʻe o ka smelt hou o ka wā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka hau hau, hoʻomaloʻo, puhi puhi. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka meaʻai kēpau. I ke ʻano hana, mākaukau a me ke ʻano kēpau, kūʻai ʻia aku ka Hikina Hikina, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua honi ka waha liʻiliʻi. No ka iʻa maloʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke kali i ke kumukūʻai o 200-300 rubles i kēlā me kēia kilogram. Hiki i kahi kini 150 gram o ka kēpau kēpau smelt i ka aila ke uku aku i ka mea kūʻai 100-120 rubles.

ʻO Capelin - iʻa honi a me kona ʻohana pili - kālepa pinepine ʻia i ka paʻahau a puhi ʻia. Hana ʻia kēia ʻai i kēpau kēpau. Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina me ka hulu ʻaʻole wale ma ka like morphological, akā ma ka hoʻohālikelike kumu kūʻai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo nā kumukūʻai no capelin e like ia me ka smelt.

ʻO ka lawaiʻa a pehea e kuke ai i ka ʻala

Hoʻopiʻi nā ʻano smelt āpau i ka manaʻo o nā lawaiʻa amateur. Kūpono kēia i ka manawa o ka holo iʻa iʻa. ʻĀkoakoa ʻo Smelt i nā hipa a hoʻokokoke i ke kahakai ke ʻaʻole heheʻe ka hau.

Pāʻani ia i loko o ka lima o nā ipo lawaiʻa hau āpau mai Scandinavia a i ka Hikina Hikina a me Iapana. Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, e laʻa, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo New England, aia kekahi ʻano kuʻuna o ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka honi mai ka hau.

ʻO ka mea lawelawe kahi koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa hoʻoilo me nā jig i kau ʻia ma nā lei. ʻAʻole pono ka helu o nā lou no nā lawaiʻa ma mua o 10 mau ʻāpana. Ma muli o kēia, hoʻonohonoho pinepine nā lawaiʻa kū kānāwai i ʻekolu mau koʻokoʻo me ʻekolu kēpau.

Ke hoʻoheheʻe ka hau, hoʻopoina ka poʻe lawaiʻa i nā lua a me nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, e ʻohi i nā ʻupena pai, ʻupena, hāpai. Ana lākou i ko lākou manaʻo kūʻē i ke kānāwai: loaʻa iā lākou nā laikini e pono ai no kēia ʻano lawaiʻa. A honi lākou i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, mai nā alahaka a me nā peʻa.

ʻOhiʻohi nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ke kālepa. Liʻiliʻi kā lākou hopu ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole e pau kēia ʻoihana no ka mea honi ka iʻa ono. Aia ka māhuahua gastronomic hoihoi i loko o ia. Mai ka mahele o nā meaʻai no ka poʻe ʻilihune, neʻe iki ka iʻa i kahi pae ʻono.

ʻOiai hoʻomākaukau mau lākou i kahi kīʻaha paʻakikī ʻole mai ia mea. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka iʻa, ʻeli ʻia, kuʻi ʻia i ka palaoa a palai. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kūlana gastronomic o smelt e hōʻoia ʻia e kahi mea maʻalahi. Mai nā kīhini kaiāulu, lawe ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o kēia iʻa e nā mea kuke ʻaina.

Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ʻo Smelt me ​​ka marino i ka waina keʻokeʻo me ka paprika i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a me nā ʻalā. A i ʻole e puhi ʻia ka iʻa, kāwili ʻia i ka hua nut, lawelawe ʻia me ka mea kāwele tkemali. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ipu like like, paʻakikī. Me nā ʻōwili Kepani, terrine a me ka smorrebrod kaila.

Nā pono o ka iʻa smelt ʻaʻole wale i kona ʻono kupaianaha a me ka pilau kūikawā. He meaʻai momona loa kēia. Aia he 100 kilocalories i ka 100 gram. Loaʻa iā ia he nui nā minelala: potassium, magnesium, pono no nā ʻola, calcium, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai i nā iwi, ka hao, ka phosphore, a pēlā aku. Aia he 13.4 gram o ke protein i 100 mau iʻa o ka iʻa. ʻO ka momona - 4.5 gram.

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