ʻO ka hekili o ke kai, ka make keʻokeʻo, ka mea pepehi kanaka weliweli - ke kāhea ʻole lākou i kēia mea mana a kūpuna hoʻi i ola i nā dinosaur. Kona inoa ʻo manō keʻokeʻo nui... ʻAʻohe o kahi meaola hemolele i kūlohelohe.
Ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manō keʻokeʻo nui
Manō keʻokeʻo nui (karcharodon) ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hōkai nui loa ma ka honua. Ua loaʻa iā ia kona kaulana ma ke ʻano he manō ʻai kāne ma ka pono: nui nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka poʻe.
ʻAʻole ʻaʻa ka ʻōlelo e kapa iā ia he iʻa, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ia: no ka papa o ka iʻa keʻokeʻo ka manō keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "manō" mai ka ʻōlelo a ka Vikings, me ka huaʻōlelo "hakall" kāhea lākou i nā iʻa maoli ʻole.
Ua hāʻawi lokomaikaʻi ke kūlohelohe i ka manō keʻokeʻo nui: ʻaʻole i loli kona helehelena i loko o nā makahiki miliona i noho ai ma ka honua. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka iʻa mega me nā kohola kohola, a i kekahi manawa hiki i 10 m. Lōʻihi manō keʻokeʻo nui, e like me nā ichthyologists, hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau mika.
Eia nō naʻe, aia wale nō kekahi mau kuhiakau ʻepekema e pili ana i ke ola o nā pilikua nui, ka manō keʻokeʻo nui loa, i hopu ʻia i ka makahiki 1945, he 6.4 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 3 tone. Paha, ka mea nui loa o ka honua ka nui loa ma mua, ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia, a ʻokiʻoki i ka nui o ka wai i kahi hohonu e hiki ʻole ai i nā kānaka.
I ka hopena o ke kau Tertiary, a ma nā kūlana o ka Honua he manawa hou ia, nā kūpuna o ka manō keʻokeʻo nui - megalodons - i noho i ka hohonu hohonu o ka moana. Ua piʻi kēia mau moʻo i 30 m (ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi hale he 10 mau hale), a he 8 mau kāne makua i hiki ke ʻoluʻolu ke komo i loko o ko lākou waha.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka manō keʻokeʻo nui wale nō ke ola o kāna ʻano. Ua pau kekahi i ka make pū me nā dinosaurs, mammoths a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino o kēia predator unsurpassed pena ʻia i loko o kahi ākea hina, a hiki i ka saturation ʻokoʻa: mai keʻokeʻo a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele.
Hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka manō keʻokeʻo ma mua o 6 mau mika
Aia ia i ka nohona. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, no laila i kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka manō. ʻO ka laina ma waena o ke kua hina a me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo ʻaʻole laumania a laumania. Ua haki a nahae paha.
Kūleʻa pono kēia kala i ka manō i ka kolamu wai: mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, e laumania a hōʻike ʻole ʻia kona mau hiʻohiʻona, ke nānā ʻia mai luna, hui pū ka ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele me nā aka a me ka ʻāina o lalo.
ʻO ka iwi o kahi manō keʻokeʻo nui ʻaʻohe ona iwi iwi, akā aia nā mea āpau i ka cartilage. Uhi ʻia ke kino i kahawai ʻia me kahi poʻo kone-con me nā unahi hilinaʻi a paʻa, e like me ke ʻano a me ka paʻakikī i ka manō niho.
ʻO kēia mau unahi i kapa pinepine ʻia he "niho dermal". I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hou ʻia ka pūpū manō me ka pahi, a inā ʻoe e hahau i ka palaoa, e ʻoki loa nā ʻoki hohonu.
Kūpono ke kino o ka manō keʻokeʻo no ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka alualu ʻana i ka mea pio. ʻO kahi huna momona momona i hūnā ʻia e ka ʻili manō kōkua pū ʻia e hōʻemi i ke kūpaʻa. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i nā wikiwiki a 40 km / h, a ʻaʻole kēia i ka lewa, akā i ka mānoanoa o ka wai paʻakai!
He mea hanohano a hanohano kāna neʻe ʻana, me he mea lā e paheʻe ʻo ia i loko o ka wai, me ka hana ʻole ʻole. Hiki i kēia whopper ke maʻalahi e lele i nā mika 3 mika ma luna o ka wai, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he mea kupaianaha.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka manō keʻokeʻo nui kahi huʻa ea e lana ai, a i ʻole e piholo, pono e hana mau me kāna mau wili.
Kōkua kahi akepaʻa nui a me ka paukū liʻiliʻi e lana pono. He nāwaliwali ke kaomi koko o ka predator a i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ke kahe o ke koko, pono ia e neʻe mau, a kōkua i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
Ke nānā nei manō keʻokeʻo nuime ka waha ākea, ʻike ʻoe i ka makaʻu a me ka weliweli, a holo nā kuʻi kuʻi i kou ʻili. A ʻaʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea he paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i kahi mea hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka pepehi kanaka.
Niho hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani 3-5, a manō keʻokeʻo ke hōʻano mau nei lākou. Ma kahi o kahi niho naha a nalowale paha, ulu koke kahi mea hou mai ka lālani mālama. ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā niho i ka lua o ka waha ma kahi o 300, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma luna o 5 cm.
Manaʻo pū ʻia ke ʻano o nā niho, e like me nā mea āpau. He kiko kuhi ko lākou a me nā serrations e maʻalahi ai e huki i nā ʻāpana nui o ka ʻiʻo mai kā lākou mea pōʻino ʻole.
ʻAʻohe aʻa a nā niho manō a hāʻule wale i waho me ka maʻalahi. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole kēia he kuhihewa o ke kūlohelohe, akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe: ʻo kahi niho i paʻa i ke kino o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia e hoʻonele i ka predator o ka manawa kūpono e wehe i kona waha no ka ea ʻana o nā mea hana o ka lālā, pilikia wale nō ka iʻa.
I kēia kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lilo ʻana o kahi niho ma mua o ke ola. Ma ke ala, i kona wā e ola ana, kahi manō keʻokeʻo nui e pani ma kahi o 30 tausani mau niho. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo ka ʻāʻī o kahi manō keʻokeʻo, e ʻomi ana i ka mea pio, e hoʻokau i kaomi ma luna o ia a hiki i 2 mau tona i cmcm.
Aia he 300 mau niho i ka waha o kahi manō keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka nohona manō keʻokeʻo maikaʻi a me kahi nohona
ʻO ka manō keʻokeʻo he mea mehameha i ka nui o nā hihia. Teritori lākou, akā, hōʻike i ka mahalo i ko lākou mau hoahānau nui ma ka ʻae ʻana iā lākou e alualu i loko o kā lākou wai. ʻO ka hana kaiaulu i ka manō kahi pilikia paʻakikī a maikaʻi ʻole i aʻo ʻia.
I kekahi manawa kūpaʻa lākou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hāʻawi ʻana o haʻi i kā lākou pāʻina, i kekahi manawa ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. I ka lua o ka koho, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou inaina ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ko lākou mau ā, akā ʻaʻole iki lākou i ka hoʻopaʻi kino i ka mea komo hewa.
ʻIke ʻia ka manō keʻokeʻo nui ma ke kaʻe papa kokoke i nā kahakai kokoke i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ke kāpae ʻole i nā wahi o ka ʻākau. ʻO kēia ʻano thermophilic: ʻo ka mahana o ka wai kūpono no 12-24 ° C. ʻO ke kukulu ʻana i ka paʻakai kekahi mea nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ia i ke Kai ʻEleʻele a loaʻa ʻole kēia mau manō i loko.
Ola ka manō keʻokeʻo nui ma ke kahakai, Mekiko, Kaleponi, Nūhōlani. ʻIke ʻia nā heluna nui ma kahi o Mauritius, Kenya, Madagascar, Seychelles, Australia, Guadeloupe. Kūpono kēia mau mea neʻe i nā neʻe kau o ka wā a hiki ke holo i nā mile he mau mile.
E ʻai ana ka manō keʻokeʻo nui
ʻO ka manō keʻokeʻo nui he koko anu, e hoʻomaulia ana i ka predator. Kūʻē ʻo ia i nā liona kai, nā sila, nā sila hulu, manu kuhukukū. Ma waho aʻe o nā holoholona nui, ʻai nā manō i ka tuna a me ke kino make pinepine.
ʻAʻole kānalua ka manō keʻokeʻo nui e ʻimi holoholona ʻē aʻe, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o kona ʻano, a me nā nalo pū kekahi. Ma ka hope, hoʻohālua lākou a hoʻouka mai hope, e hoʻonele i ka mea i loaʻa i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohana ai i ka echolocation.
Ua hana ke kūlohelohe i ka manō he mea pepehi kanaka maikaʻi: ʻo kāna hihiʻo he 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kanaka, kiʻi ka pepeiao o loko i nā alapine haʻahaʻa a me nā kani o ka laulā infrared.
Kū hoʻokahi ke ʻano o ka honi o ka mea ʻino: hiki i ka manō ke honi i ke koko i loko o kahi hoʻohui o 1: 1,000,000, e like me 1 teaspoon no kahi wai ʻauʻau nui. ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana o kahi manō keʻokeʻo he uila wikiwiki ia: ma mua o ka hala o ka kekona mai ka manawa e hāmama ai ka waha i ka panina hope loa o nā ā.
Ke huki nei i kona mau niho e like me ka pahi i loko o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, hoʻoluliluli ka manō i kona poʻo, a ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana nui o ka ʻiʻo. Hiki iā ia ke ale i ka 13 kg o ka iʻa i ka manawa. ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka mea ʻoka make koko he ikaika i hiki iā lākou ke nahu maʻalahi i nā iwi nui, a i ʻole nā mea pio āpau i ka hapalua.
Nui a ʻōwili ka ʻōpū o ka manō, hiki ke paʻa i ka nui o ka meaʻai. Hana ʻia ʻaʻole lawa ka waikawa hydrochloric no ka digestion, a laila hoʻohuli ka iʻa i loko o waho, e kāpae ana i ka ʻoi. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻaʻole i hōʻeha ʻia nā paia o ka ʻōpū e nā niho triangular ʻoi o kēia mea ikaika.
Pākuʻi Manō Keʻokeʻo Nui kū kēlā me kēia kanaka, ka hapanui o nā mea ʻokoʻa a me nā heʻenalu e ʻeha ai. ʻAʻole nā kānaka kahi o kā lākou papaʻai; akā, hōʻewa hewa kahi predator ma ke kuhi hewa ʻana, ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ka papa heʻenalu no ka sila elepani a i ʻole ka sila.
ʻO kekahi wehewehe hou aʻe no ia ʻano hoʻouka kaua ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ko ka wahi manō ponoʻī, ka panalāʻau kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka hopu holoholona. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole iki ʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo o ke kanaka, kuha pinepine iā ia, me ka ʻike ua kuhihewa ʻo ia.
Ana a ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā ʻano o ke kino i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia manō keʻokeʻo nui ʻaʻole iki ka manawa o ke ola. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ona hoʻokūkū kūpono i waena o ka hohonu o ka moana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻO nā kānaka ma lalo o 4 m ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpio ʻōpio paha. Hiki i nā manō wahine ke hāpai ma mua o 12-14 mau makahiki. Mākua nā kāne ma mua iki - ma 10. Hana hou nā manō keʻokeʻo nui e ka hana hua ʻana.
Aia kēia ʻano ma nā iʻa iʻa cartilaginous. Hāpai ka hāpai ma kahi o 11 mau mahina, a laila hatch kekahi mau pēpē i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine. ʻAi ka mea ikaika loa i ka nāwaliwali ʻoiai ʻoe i loko.
Hānau ʻia he manō kūʻokoʻa he 2-3. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻaʻole ola ʻo 2/3 o lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki, e lilo ana i mea hōʻeha ʻia i nā iʻa makua a hiki i ko lākou makuahine ponoʻī.
Ma muli o ka hoʻolōʻihi lōʻihi ʻana, haʻahaʻa hana a me ka lohi o ka oʻo ʻana, ke emi mau nei ka nui o nā manō keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka moana o ka honua kahi home o 4500 mau kānaka.
