Fauna o ka tundra
ʻO ka honua ʻino o ka tundra he nani, waiwai a nani hoʻi. I Lūkia, uhi kēia ʻāpana kūlohelohe i ka ʻāina mai ke Kola Peninsula a hiki i Chukotka. Ma waho o ko mākou ʻāina, aia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO ke ola i kēia wao nahele hau me ka ʻole o nā ululāʻau, me ka lepo paʻa, he mea hiki ʻole ka makani ikaika. Akā ma aneʻi he kūpilikiʻi a ʻano like ʻole ka honua. Nā inoa holoholona Tundra lilo i hōʻailona o ka mana, wiwo ʻole, ʻike, ikaika, nani: wolf, walrus, peregrine falcon, pueo, swan.
Nā māmela hānai Tundra
Reindeer
ʻO kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha loa nā holoholona tundra e noʻonoʻo i ka dia. Mahalo i kēia holoholona mana, ua haku ke kanaka i ka ʻĀkau. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻohana pili, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāhiu. Nui nā pepeiaohao nui o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Noho ʻo Deer i nā kaiāulu o nā poʻo he mau kaukani. No nā makahiki he nui, ua mau ke ala o kā lākou neʻe ʻana. ʻO nā ala lōʻihi, a hiki i 500 km, e lanakila ʻia e nā holoholona i nā wahi hānai kau.
Kūpono nā kuʻi ākea no ka hele wāwae ʻana i ka hau. ʻO nā kaumaha i loko o lākou i ke ʻano o ka scoop e ʻae iā ʻoe e rake i ka uhi hau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻAu nani ka dia, ke kāpae ʻana i nā ālai wai.
ʻO ka lumos a i ʻole ka reindeer lichen, a lākou e nānā ai ma lalo o ka hau, lilo i kumu o ka meaʻai holoholona. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā laikini, nā mea kanu. No ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike paʻakai mineral-paʻakai, ʻai ka dia i ka nui o ka hau a inu wai paha. No ke kumu hoʻokahi, ʻūlū lākou i nā pepeiaohao o kā lākou mau hoa a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia.
Holo ka fawn hānau hou ma hope o kona makuahine i ka lā aʻe. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu koʻikoʻi, hānai ka pēpē i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a laila, ma ke kaulike me nā mākua, hakakā lākou no ke ola i ka nāhelehele. I waena o honua holoholona o ka tundra ʻAneʻane ʻenemi o ka dia. Hāʻawi ka ʻīlio hae i kahi makaʻu i nā poʻe nāwaliwali a me nā keiki bipi.
ʻO Reindeer i loko o ke kiʻi
Lūlūwi Tundra
No nā makahiki he haneli, ua hōʻoia nā ʻīlio hae tundra i ko lākou kūpaʻa kupaianaha me ko lākou ola. Hiki iā lākou ke hele no hoʻokahi pule me ka ʻai ʻole, hele a 20 km i ka lā. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka mea pio a 10-15 kg i ka manawa, me ka ʻili, ka hulu hipa a me nā iwi.
Huli nā mea ʻimi manuahi i ka mea pio i kahi pūʻulu nui, kahi e puʻunaue ʻia ai nā kuleana a pau o nā mea hoʻomake a me nā mea hoʻouka. ʻO ke ʻala maikaʻi loa, ka maka a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana e ʻae iā lākou e alualu i nā ʻāpō, nā geese, luku i nā pūnana manu, hopu i nā ʻalopeke a me nā hare.
Akā he hopu liʻiliʻi kēia. E ʻahaʻaina nā Wolves ke lanakila lākou i ka dia keiki a i ʻole ka mea nāwaliwali. Kupaianaha ka makaʻala kūlohelohe, ka ikaika a me ka maʻalea: hele ka ʻohana ma ke alahele ma hope o ka hau, me he mea lā ua waiho wale kahi holoholona mehameha i nā paʻi.
ʻO ka ʻīlio hae hae hae hilu
ʻAlopeke polū polū (keʻokeʻo)
ʻO ka hulu nani a nunui hoʻi, a i 30cm ka lōʻihi, e hoʻopakele i nā holoholona mai ka hau. Hoʻopuka nā maka i kahi pigment kūikawā e pale ai i ka hiʻohi i kahi keʻokeʻo.
Hele mau nā ʻalopeke Arctic i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i nā wahi hānau wale i ka manawa o ka male. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kāu lua i loko o ka tundra kahi paʻakikī paʻakikī paʻakikī. No laila, hoʻohana nā kekona o nā hanauna ʻalopeka arctic i nā ala eli i nā puʻu me ka lepo palupalu. ʻAi lākou i nā mea āpau a ka tundra e hāʻawi ai: iʻa, ʻoki, nā koena o ka ʻīlio hae a me nā bea.
Mālama nā alopeke Arctic i nā hui a kōkua kekahi i kekahi. Mālama i nā keiki inā make nā mākua. ʻO ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe he pueo polar, nā aeto gula, nā wolverine, a me nā bea.
ʻAlopeke polū polū (keʻokeʻo)
Wolverine
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōiwi holoholona o ka tundra o Rusia he holoholona e like me ka bea liʻiliʻi. Kūʻokoʻa ʻo Wolverines. Me kahi clumsy a me ka wāwae wāwae wāwae, maʻalahi a maʻalahi lākou, e like me ko lākou ʻohana ma ka ʻohana weasel.
Kū hoʻokahi ka huluhulu wili i ka hanana: ʻaʻole pili paʻa a pulu paha. No ka neʻe mau, ua kapa ʻia ka wolverine he tramp. Kōkua ka ʻai pono ʻole i mea e ola ai i nā kūlana ʻoʻoleʻa. Inā hiki ʻole ke kiʻi i ka mea pio, a laila pōloli ka holoholona, alualu iā ia a hiki i ka luhi.
Aia i loko o ka kiʻi kahi wōlō
Hare
I waena o holoholona o ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau-tundra lawe ka hare keʻokeʻo i kahi mea nani i nā wahi ulu e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke peʻe a hānai. Noho lākou i nā hui a 20 mau poʻo, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui.
Puʻuhonua lākou mai ke anu i nā hale ʻeli. 20% ka momona o ka holoholona. Pale aku ka huluhulu mehana i nā mahana anu. ʻO ka papaʻai nui nā moss, bark, algae.
Bipi musk
He helehelena ʻokoʻa ko ka holoholona, i hoʻopili ʻia e ola i nā kūlana ʻoi loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi, ke kapa ʻeleʻele i ka honua, ke poʻo nui a me nā pepeiaohao ākea nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui.
Noho lākou i nā bipi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia. ʻOiai ka lohi o waho, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i kahi holo a i 30 km / h. ʻIke ʻia kahi kū pōʻai pale o ka bipi musk, ma loko e uhi ʻia nā wahine a me nā keiki bipi. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he herbivores. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu maloʻo liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia mai lalo o ka hau.
Nā Lemmings
ʻIke ʻia nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, e like me ka hamster no kā lākou momona momona. Pehea e hoʻopili ai nā holoholona tundra i nā kūlana ʻino, no laila ua hoʻololi nā lemema i ka luku mau. Kāhea ʻia lākou he mau unahi ola e ana i ka māʻona o nā predators. No ke kala o ka hulu, loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa lua o nā pestle ʻākau.
Hānai mau nā Lemmings, ʻai ʻelua i ko lākou kaupaona i kēlā me kēia lā. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana a puni ka uaki, ʻaʻole hibernate nā rodents. ʻO kā lākou ʻano he hoʻomau mau o kahi hola o ka hānai ʻana a ʻelua mau hola o ka hiamoe.
Overpopulation ma ka panalāʻau e holoholo ai. ʻO ka mahele o nā lemona kahi paradaiso i hānai maikaʻi ʻia no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he nui o nā latitude ʻākau. Hūnā nā Lemmings i nā lua liʻiliʻi me nā ala eli.
ʻŪlū lākou i ka lāʻau, nā lālā, nā antona dia kahiko, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā hua manu. Ma ke ala, ua lanakila lākou i nā ālai āpau: nā kahawai, nā puʻu pōhaku, nā kahawai. I ka neʻe ʻole i kāohi ʻia, make ka hapa nui, akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka helu holoʻokoʻa.
Kūleʻa lākou i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kahi holoholona nui i kahi huhū kolohe. Mahalo i nā lemu, mālama ʻia ke kaulike kūlohelohe o ka tundra.
I ka lemming kiʻi
ʻO Ermine
He holoholona me ke kino lōʻihi a lahilahi, nā lālā pōkole, i hoʻopili ʻia no ka piʻi ʻana. Kōkua ka pūnaewele pūnaewele i nā wāwae e hoʻokele i ka hau. I ke kau mehana, kahi ermine me ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻōpū melemele, a i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo hau ia. ʻO ka wēlau wale o ka huelo he ʻeleʻele mau.
ʻAʻau nani ka holoholona. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka ʻaole, ʻai i nā pūnana manu, ʻai i ka iʻa. ʻAʻole hana ka ermine i kāna mau lua, lawe ia i nā hale o haʻi ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana e nā meheu.
Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa kahi malu ma waena o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, i nā awawa. Noho kokoke i nā kino wai. He paʻakikī i ke ola ʻana o ka holoholona, he nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Hoʻopau ke kanaka i nā holoholona no kāna hulu waiwai nui.
Mea hoʻo · moʻo wai kik Marine
Whale kohola
Hoʻololi kūpono nā kohola kohola i nā kūlana ʻoʻoleʻa o ka tundra. Kūkulu kahi papa momona o ka momona mai nā meaʻai calorie kiʻekiʻe a pale i ka wai hau. ʻO nā holoholona hoʻomohala kaiāulu akamai. Kōkua ka nui a me ka nui i ke kū ʻana i nā liona kai, nā ʻāpā, nā manō. No ko lākou koʻikoʻi a ikaika hoʻi, ua kapa ʻia lākou he kohola kohola.
Liona kai
ʻO ke kino nui o ka holoholona pinniped he ʻano streamline, neʻe maikaʻi i ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, neʻe nā liona kai me ke kākoʻo ma nā lālā ʻehā.
I ke ʻano hau o ka tundra, kūleʻa lāua i ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me nā rookeries hāmama. Mālama ka momona momona a me nā lauoho mānoanoa i ka liona kai, i hiki ke luʻu a hiki i ka 400 m a hohonu i ka lā ma kahakai.
Liona kai
Sila
Noho kekahi mau ʻano peʻa i ka tundra. ʻAi ke kai iā lākou, a ma ka ʻāina he kamaʻilio, hana hou. ʻO ke ʻano o ka sila i ka honua āpau no ke ola ma lalo o ka wai: ʻaʻohe pale o ke kino, pani ʻia nā puka o nā puka ihu a me nā pepeiao.
ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o kou hanu a i hoʻokahi hola i ka wā o ka luʻu e ʻae iā ʻoe e alualu a pale i nā mea helehelena o luna, e peʻe ana i ke kolamu wai. Hana ka peʻa mua e like me ka hoe a me ka hoʻokele o nā peʻa hope. ʻAʻole mahana maikaʻi ka lauoho sila, akā mālama ka momona subcutaneile i nā ʻano tundra. Moe nō nā holoholona i ka wai hau.
Belukha
Ka pale ʻana i nā koholā beluga mai ke anuanu a me nā pohō - i loko o kahi mānoanoa o ka ʻili a hiki i ka 15 knm a me ka pale momona like. ʻO ka nele o kahi fin ma ke kua, kahi kino o ke kino i hāʻawi i ka hilinaʻi i ka wai.
ʻO ka hohonu o kā lākou komo ʻana a hiki i 700 m. He mea nui no nā belugas e hanu i ka ea, no laila, mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa haki lākou i ka hau me ko lākou mau kua ikaika i nā puka hau i ka hoʻoilo. Inā ua hana ʻia kahi papa mānoanoa, a laila make paha nā holoholona.
Walrus
ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ke sila i ke kaupaona a me ka nui, hiki i 5 m a me 1.5 tone i ke kaupaona. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui nā tusks ikaika. Pono ʻo Walrus iā lākou no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lalo a me ka hopu ʻana i nā mollusks, kāna meaʻai nui.
Pono pū ʻo ia i kahi mea kaua no ka pale ʻana iā ia iho. He pilikua ka pilikua; e hoʻonui ai i ka papaʻai, hiki iā ia ke hopu a ʻai i ka sila. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā tusks, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke kūlana o ka walrus i ka hui kaiaulu.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā walrus ma mua o nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe. Hele wāwae lākou, a ʻaʻole ʻauʻau mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a kēia ʻaoʻao. Kōkua lākou i ko lākou mau hoahānau a mālama pū i ka walrus.
Nā manu Tundra
Nā wahi kai pohō, nā loko wai, nā kahawai, waiwai i nā iʻa, ʻumeʻume i nā manu e hōʻea ana e hānai i nā wahi i ka puna. Ke ola nei ka tundra a piha i ka din a me ka ʻuwā. ʻO ka walaʻau o nā kolone manu a me ka halulu o nā kai ikaika ka leo o ka tundra.
Hāʻawi kahi hoʻomehana pōkole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea kolo koko, hāʻawi i nā manu i kahi manawa e hānai keiki a hānai iā lākou ma ka ʻēheu ma mua o ka lele ʻana i ka hale hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole lele nā mea āpau, ua aʻo ka poʻe kūpaʻa loa e hoʻomaʻa i ka honua o ka hau a me ka hau.
Pueo keʻokeʻo
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka manu ma ke ʻano he noho paʻa o ka tundra. Nani loa ʻo ia: fluffy a palupalu ka plumage keʻokeʻo i ka hoʻopā ʻana. E nānā mau nā maka melemele me ka hihiʻo maka no ka mea pio. ʻAʻole makemake ka manu i nā kumulāʻau, noho ʻo ia ma luna o nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻūlili, nā puʻupuʻu no ka ʻike ʻana i nā kula hau.
ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ka pueo hau i ka ʻai wale ʻana i nā tidbits o ka mea pio. Hele ke koena i nā poʻe ʻimi alualu laki ʻole. I ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke pōloli no ka manawa lōʻihi. Aia ka pūnana o ka pueo i ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai. Hoʻopili ka nui i nā keiki nui. ʻO ka nele o ka meaʻai e waiho manu me ka ʻole o nā keiki.
Pālena keʻokeʻo
Hoʻopili pono ʻia i ka hau, a i ke kauwela hoʻololi ʻia ke kala a lilo i pockmarked, e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe nā holoholona tundra. He aha ke ʻano partridges in flight, kakaʻikahi i ʻike. ʻAʻole lele ʻo ia, akā holo nui. ʻEli i nā lua hau a loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai a hūnā mai nā ʻenemi mai. ʻO nā manu nani mālie ka mea o ka hopu holoholona no nā poʻe noho he nui o ka tundra.
Swan ʻo Tundra
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa i waena o nā ʻohana moa manu. ʻAi lākou i ka limu, nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu kahakai. Ua lilo ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka lokomaikaʻi o nā manu i hōʻailona o ka nani.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kaʻawale nā pālua o nā swans i ko lākou ola a pau. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana nui ma luna o ka puʻu a kau ʻia me ko lākou hulu ponoʻī a me nā manu o haʻi. ʻAʻole i waiho wale ʻia nā ʻoka a pale ʻia e nā ʻēheu ikaika a me nā nuku.
Ulu ikaika ka ulu ʻōpio i 40 mau lā. Holo ke kauwela pōkole i nā manu. Aia ka swan tundra swan ma ka papa inoa holoholona o ka Buke Ulaula o ka tundra... Pāpā ʻia ka kī ʻana o nā manu.
I loko o ka swans swans swans
Loons
ʻO nā manu kahiko loa i ola a hiki i kēia lā. Heʻuʻuku a heʻuʻuku nā wahi o kā lākou hoʻohiki, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu ke hoʻopili i nā loli. Hoʻomaopopo lākou i ko lākou mau panalāʻau no nā makahiki.
Pili ko lākou ola me nā kino wai; ma ka ʻāina neʻe lākou me ka pilikia. ʻO ka nuku kihi, ke kino elongated a me nā ʻēheu pokole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā loona mai nā ʻāpō ʻO nā luʻu maikaʻi loa no ka iʻa a inā pilikia.
Manu Loon
Pā palaʻi pala
Mea Malihini. Noho ia i loko o nā ulu lāʻau o tundra bush, dwarf birch, e noho ana i nā papa o ka honua. ʻIke ʻia e kahi ʻulaʻula me nā wili ʻeleʻele ma ke kalaunu. ʻO ke mele o ka oatmeal kiʻekiʻe a akahai. Hoʻololi ʻia nā wahi pūnana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Lele lākou i Kina no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO kahi manu e ʻūlū manu ana
Siberian Crane (Keʻokeʻo Keʻokeʻo)
ʻO kahi manu nui me ka nuku ʻulaʻula lōʻihi a me nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pūnana Siberian Crane ma nā ʻāina wai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā manu kahi hana paʻakikī ma muli o kā lākou mau koi: ka wai kai me ka lepo paʻa. ʻO ka leo o ka manuʻō keʻokeʻo e hoʻolōʻihi a sonorous.
Pākuʻi Peregrine
Makemake kahi falcon nui i nā wahi hāmama, no laila, i ka nui o ka tundra, nui kā lākou mau wahi no ka pūnana ʻana, a i 10 km i kahi kokoke. ʻAʻole ʻimi ʻo Peregrine falcons i ko lākou mau panalāʻau, no laila noho nā manu ʻē aʻe iā lākou iho, e loaʻa ana ka pale mai nā manu ʻino, a kipaku ʻia e nā falcon peregrine. Ke hoʻomau nei nā paʻa male male falcons i ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa i kā nā manu kā lākou ʻano hahai holoholona. Luku lākou no ka mea pio a hopu me kā lākou mau wāwae. Pau me ka nuku wale nō ke pono. ʻAi lākou i ka mea pio ma nā pōhaku, nā ʻūpā, nā ʻaʻā, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka honua.
Manu falcon Peregrine
Phalarope
Noho ia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka tundra, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā loko a me nā puddles he nui. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo, molluscs, larvae, holoholona liʻiliʻi. E like me nā mea pāʻani uaki, ka nui o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, hoʻomau ʻia me ka manamana lima me kā lākou mau wāwae. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hilahila lākou, ʻae ʻia lākou kokoke loa.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki ma o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ke kāne. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua manu, lele ka wahine. ʻO ke kāne, i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna kuleana makua, haʻalele i ka tundra me kahi hui o nā hoa. Lele nā holoholona ʻōpio ulu i nā wahi hoʻoilo ma kā lākou iho.
Phalarope
Pōhaku
ʻO kekahi o kēlā mau manu i hiki ke hibernate i ka tundra wao nahele ʻole. Mālama nā peʻa mālamalama i ka lihi kai, wai pāpaʻu, i nā polynyas. I ke kauwela, neʻe lākou i kahi pūnana wikiwiki o ka tundra mauna.
Manu manu moth
ʻO Tundra horned lark
Ma waena o nā mea lele mua i ka tundra. Mahalo i ka hoʻolālā kumu a ʻelua mau pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele, ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ka lae ma waena o nā manu. Ka nui o kahi manu peʻa fluffy nui. Makemake lākou e ʻauʻau. Lele pālua lākou a i ʻole nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi. Nā pūnana ma nā puʻu ma tundra. Hū a hīmeni ke mele.
ʻO Tundra horned lark
Nā holoholona e noho ana i ka tundra, nui, akā ʻaʻole loa he mea kolo i waena o lākou. Akā ka nui o nā kolo hānai koko. Aia he 12 mau ʻano makika wale nō.
Ma waho o lākou, ʻeha nā holoholona i nā gadflies, nā midges, nā lele ʻeleʻele. Aia ke ola o nā meaola āpau i kekahi i kekahi, e mālama nei i kahi kaulike kupaianaha i ka ʻāina kūlohelohe tundra.
