Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka maral Altai
ʻO Altai maral kahi holoholona ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli. I nā wahi mauna o Altai, noho nā dia nani - Altai marals. He holoholona nui loa kēia, hiki i ke kaumaha o nā kāne ke hōʻea i 350 kg, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae ka 160 cm.
Akā ʻoiai ka nui o lākou, hiki i kēia mau mea ke neʻe i nā pali kūpikipiki me ka maʻalahi maʻalahi, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i ka nani a me ka hoʻonani ʻia o nā hiʻohiʻona mauna.
ʻO ka helehelena o kēia dia he nani a kū hoʻokahi. ʻO nā hoʻonaninani kupaianaha loa o ke kāne (e like me kāu e ʻike ai ma ka nānā ʻana kiʻi o Altai maral) ʻo kona mau pepeiaohao lala nani, e loli ana i kēlā me kēia koʻokoʻo e ʻelima a ʻoi paha o nā pua, i nalowale nā holoholona mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa, akā i kēlā me kēia punawai hoʻomaka lākou e ulu hou, a laila hiki i nā nui nani a 108 cm.
ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻia nā wahine i kēlā waiwai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma waho, maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā kāne ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka nui. Hoʻololi ke kala o kēia mau holoholona i ka kau.
I nā mahina kauwela, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohui ʻia nā kala hina i kēia pae. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o ke kala o nā dia he aniani melemele nō hoʻi, i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, kahi i uhi ʻia i ka croup.
I ka maral Teritori Altai ʻo ka mea maʻamau. Hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou pae ma luna o ka ʻāina o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk, ka Tien Shan a me Kyrgyzstan, kahi e loaʻa ai lākou i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous a coniferous, e uhi ana i nā wahi mauna. Noho ʻo ia dia ma Nūhōlani.
Lāhui maral
ʻO kēia nā holoholona o ka Buke Ulaʻula. I ka manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nohona o ka Altai maral. Eia nō naʻe, no nā kumu he nui, ʻo nā mea ola kupaianaha e hele mālie nei akā make ʻole, a ʻaʻohe ana i hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia kūlana o nā hihia. No ka hānai ʻana a me ka pale ʻana o kēia dia, hana ʻia nā māla hānau maral.
Ua ʻākoakoa ka ʻike mua e pili ana i kahi ʻelele kū hoʻokahi o nā holoholona o ka honua i ka makahiki 18 mai nā hana a Pallas. Ke aʻo nei nā meaolaola i kēlā mau mea ola no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka ʻike piha loa e pili ana iā lākou i loaʻa wale ia i nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia i hala e nā limahana o ka Altai Reserve.
Altai maral i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa i 1873, akā i hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona i ka helu wale nō o nā ʻāpana o nā dia ʻulaʻula: ʻo ka hui Siberian, kahi a nā marals e manaʻo ʻia nei he ʻāpana. Ma waho aʻe o ia, aia kekahi mau pūʻulu Komohana a me Central ʻAsia.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He holoholona kēlā ʻano holoholona mai ka wā kahiko mai. Lard a me ʻAi kai mariaa ʻo kahi peʻe maikaʻi loa. Akā ʻaʻole e pau kēia papa inoa ma laila, no ka mea, he mea kupaianaha a kū hoʻokahi nā mea kū i ke ʻano. Altai koko maral ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia e ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, a mahalo mau ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻohe ona analogue.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻaneʻane kupaianaha o kēia mau mea i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻao wale nō, akā ua lilo ia i mau mea o ke kālepa, ʻoiai, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mau me ke ʻano kaulike, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he waiwai loaʻa ʻole. ʻO kēia kūlana o ka hihia ke kanalua ʻole ke kumu nui o ka hoʻopau hilahila ʻole ʻana o nā holoholona.
He hopena maikaʻi ʻole kēia i ka hopena o ka marals, a ma kekahi manawa i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻaihue ʻana, hoʻopili nā mea kūlohelohe i ka emi o ka heluna kanaka: nā hoʻoilo nui a me ka nele o ka meaʻai kūpono.
Ossified pepeiaohao o ka maria Altai hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea hana waiwai a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo. Akā ʻo kēlā kikoʻī o ka helehelena o waho, ka mea lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonaninani wale nō, akā hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona i mea e hakakā ai a e pale ai, he mau ʻano waiwai ʻē aʻe no nā kānaka.
Lilo ka puna no ka marals i ka ulu o nā antlers. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka ʻōpio ossified ʻole pepeiaohao o Altai marals... He mea waiwai nui kēia i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka ma nā wahi he nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pono hoʻōla o nā antlers mai ka wā kahiko i ka lāʻau oriental, ʻike ʻia a mahalo nui ʻia ma Kina. ʻO ia ke kumu i kūʻai ai nā kamaʻāina o ka Celestial Empire i kahi huahana kūikawā no ka nui o ke kālā. Mau kenekulia aku nei waiwai antlers o ka Altai maral ua hoʻomaka e hoʻohana ʻia ma Rukia.
ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona no ka dia i mae wale i hope o ka manawa, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kahu hānai kahi i mālama ʻia ai kēia mau holoholona i lilo i ʻoihana waiwai. I kēia mau lā, hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka hoʻoulu antler reindeer, a hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia nā mea waiwai nui i waho.
Hoʻomaka e hōʻoki ʻia nā aniani i ka makahiki ʻelua. Kaupaona pinepine lākou a hiki i 10 kg, a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā iwi iwi ma mua o nā aniani o nā dia ʻē aʻe.
He mea maʻamau ka ʻoki ʻana i nā pepeiaohao ʻōpio ma mua o ka hopena o ko lākou ulu ʻana. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻohi ʻia nā antlers i kahi ala kūikawā: hoʻomaloʻo lākou, hoʻolapalapa ʻia, kāpī ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia paha e hana i nā lāʻau.
ʻAi ʻai Althea maral
Maral – holoholonae ʻai wale nei i nā mea kanu, akā ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai a hilinaʻi ʻia i ka wā. I nā mahina hoʻoilo, e hānai iā lākou iho iho i nā kapuaʻu o nā kuahiwi.
Hana pinepine kēia ala paʻakikī a 100 km ka lōʻihi. A pono i nā holoholona e lanakila i nā pale he nui, ke hele i nā kahawai kuahiwi ʻino.
Auʻau nani lākou. I ke kau anuanu, ʻaʻohe koho o nā marals akā e ʻoluʻolu me nā ʻākala a me nā lau, i kekahi manawa nā nila, a ʻai paha i nā laikini.
I loko o ia wā, makemake nui ko lākou kino i nā minela. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pono, nāhelehe nā holoholona i ka honua, palu i ka paʻakai i loko o nā liko paʻakai a inu me ka ʻai nui i ka wai mineral o ka mauna mai nā puna.
Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, nalowale lākou i nā pilikia kūpono. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki, uhi ʻia nā ululāʻau mauna a me nā steppe me ka mauʻu ʻōpio, lush kiʻekiʻe. A ma waena o nā mea kanu i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano lokomaikaʻi, nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e laʻa me ke aʻa ʻulaʻula a me ke gula, leuzea, hiki ke hoʻōla i nā maʻi āpau. Ma hope iki aku, ʻike ʻia nā huaalalā, nā hua, a me nā nati, kahi e loli ai ka momona o ka ʻai maral.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Maral pili i ke ʻano o nā mea ola e oʻo pono i loaʻa nā keiki. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke male ma ka makahiki o kahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā hānau nā wahine i nā dia ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO nā kāne, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka hiki ke hoʻomomona pono wale i ka makahiki o ʻelima.
Ma waho o ke kau hānau, makemake nā kāne e hele wāwae i nā mauna wale nō. Hoʻolilo kā lākou mau ipo wahine a me nā ʻōpio i ko lākou ola e hui pū i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopili ʻia mai 3 a 6 mau lālā, a ʻo ka mea nui i kēia hui he wahine ʻike mau.
Hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo mana o kēia mau holoholona kokoke i ka kauwela. I kēia manawa, ʻimi nā bipi i nā wahi kahi e ʻai ai nā wahine, e ʻumeʻume i ko lākou nānā me ka halulu nui, haʻahaʻa a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, e halihali ʻia nā kani no nā mile he nui.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka maral
I ka wā moena, ʻaʻole ʻai nā holoholona i ka meaʻai, akā inu nui wau. ʻO nā hakakā huhū no ka pono e haʻalele i nā keiki i kēia manawa ka mea maʻamau no nā marals. ʻO ka hopena pinepine o nā kaua he ʻeha nui. Akā i ka hopena o ke kau, hāʻule nā kuko, hoʻomaka hou i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
No nā hiʻohiʻona o nā keiki, hana nā bipi i mau ʻohana kūikawā, nā harem o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelima mau wahine. ʻO ko lākou mau mea nona, me ka lili lua ʻole, pale aku i kā lākou wahine mai ke komo hewa ʻana o nā hoa paio.
Loaʻa nā kiko o nā cubana Maral, akā ma mua wale o ka molt mua
Akā hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahine nā kūʻokoʻa piha i ke koho. Koho lākou i ke kāne ikaika loa me nā pepeiaohao nui. Akā inā makemake lākou e haʻalele i ke kākoʻo o ke alakaʻi luuluu a loaʻa i kekahi no lākou iho, ʻaʻole ʻimi iki nā kāne ma mua e hoʻopilikia i kā lākou mau hoaaloha.
Hānau ʻia nā pōpō wale nō e ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela e hiki mai ana. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, ua mālie nā wahine, a lilo ka lākou ardor āpau i ka pale ʻana i nā keiki hou.
Ke lele nei e pale i nā keiki, hiki i kēia mau holoholona nui a koa hoʻi e hakakā pū me nā mea ʻino make koko e like me nā lynxes a me nā ʻīlio hae, e lanakila lanakila ana a hoʻokau i nā lawehala i ka lele.
Noho ka nahele ʻāhiu, ʻulaʻula i kahi ola pōkole loa, ʻaʻole i hala ma mua o 14 mau makahiki. Akā i nā mahi holoholona, ola mau nā dia i 30 mau makahiki.
