Pahu hou pili i ka ʻohana salamanders maoli, ke kauoha o nā amphibians huelo. Ua haʻi mua ʻia kēia holoholona e kahi naturalist mai Suetena K. Gesner i ka waena o ke kenekulia 16, e kapa ana iā ia he "moʻo wai".
ʻO ka ʻohana ponoʻī i kēia manawa he aneane hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o nā amphibians huelo, akā ʻehā wale nō o lākou e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma Rūsia. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia a moʻo hou.
Ka mahele a me ka nohona o ka newest crest
Noho ʻo Newts i nā ʻāina ʻākau o Kelemania, Kuikilana, Palani a me Polani, a hiki maʻalahi hoʻi iā lākou ke loaʻa ma Belarus a me Ukraine. Mai ka hema, ua palena ka ʻāina i nā Balkans a me nā kuahiwi.
Kūlike nā wahi hoʻokaʻawale o ka newest crested me ka nohona o ka newt maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo ka helu o ka mea mua he 5 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi, a makemake lākou i ka wai mehana. Noho nā mea hou Crest ʻo ka hapanui ma nā wahi nahele o ka coniferous a i ʻole ʻanoʻano, e noho ana ma nā wahi nui, akā ʻaʻole nā wai hohonu i ulu i ka mauʻu.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wai i loko o lākou e maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka koho o nā huelo kālua ʻia no ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai. I ka hui ʻana i kēia amphibian i loko o ka loko iʻa, e ʻike pono i ka wai o loko.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka newest crest
Na kiʻi o crest newt hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i ka moekolohe o ka holoholona. I nā kāne, mai ka pae o ka maka a i ka hiʻu, kahi e haʻi ai kahi kualono serrated ridge flaunts. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huelo, ua keʻakeʻa ʻia a hoʻomau hou, akā ʻaʻohe ona jags.
Eia naʻe, nele i nā keke wahine a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 12 a 20 cm, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma 15-17 knm. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka huelo o ka moʻo wai a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka amphibian.
Uhi ʻia ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka newt me ka ʻili ʻili, grainy, ʻoiai ma ka ʻōpū palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. Ua pena ʻia ka moʻo i kahi kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me nā kiko, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻane ʻane ʻeleʻele ai. ʻO kahi kaula ākea a polū paha e holo i ka huelo.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ventral a me nā manamana lima, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he ʻalani alani me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa, ua lilo nā newts crest i poʻe noho pinepine i nā aquarium home. Hōʻike o ka newest crest ʻokoʻa i ka wehewehe o ka newt maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka pali (i ka hope he paʻa ia), a me ka ʻole o kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele lonikū ma nā maka.
I hoʻokahi manawa i loko o ka wai, hoʻolei ka moʻo i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, a ʻaʻole ʻino ka ʻili, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea hou mai iā ia, a hoʻohuli iā loko i waho. ʻO ka hiki kupaianaha o ka mea hou e hoʻololi i kona kala mai kahi alualu māmā i kahi pouli a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ke kua. ʻAno ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi kēia ʻano i ka hiki ke hana hou ʻaneʻane i nā ʻāpana o kou kino, mai nā manamana lima a i nā maka.
ʻO ka nohona hou a me ka meaʻai pono
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, noho ka amphibian crest ma ka ʻāina, a i ka puna wale nō, ke hoʻomaka ka wā hānau, hele loa i loko o ka wai. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui i ka lā hāmama a me ka wela, no laila makemake ʻo ia e peʻe ma lalo o ka driftwood, i ka pā o nā lau a i ka malu o nā lāʻau. I ka lā, ʻeleu ka holoholona i ka wai, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō ʻana e puka i ka ʻāina, kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ka manawa no ka huli holoholona.
I ka hopena o ke kau, hele mai ke anuanu a hele ka newt i ka hibernation. ʻO kahi pūnana amphibian i ka ʻiliʻili, nā mea kanu, e ʻū ana i loko o ka limu a i ʻole i nā lua o nā rodents a me nā mole. Inā noho ka poʻe ma kahi kokoke, noho mālie nā mea hou i ka hoʻoilo i ka lumi lalo a i ʻole nā hale ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā lākou ke hibernate ʻelua wale nō a i nā hui nui o kēlā me kēia. Ua puka lākou i waho o ka hibernation e ka waena o Malaki, e hoʻomau ana i ka hiki ke neʻe me ka heluhelu ʻana o ka thermometer.
Ke ʻau ka newt, kaomi i kona mau wāwae i ke kino, lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he huila. ʻO ka "pusher" nui ka huelo, i hoʻopili ʻia e ka holoholona a 10 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kekona, e ulu ana i ka wikiwiki i loko o ka wai.
Ma ke ʻano he predator, hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai o ka newest crested i nā larvae, nā beetles, nā slug, nā crustacea, a me kahi mea ʻono kūikawā - caviar a me nā tadpoles o nā amphibians ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka cannibalism.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka crt newt i ka ʻike maikaʻi, no laila paʻakikī iā ia ke hopu i nā meaʻai ola i nā kino wai a ma ka ʻāina. I ka nānā ʻana i kēia hiʻohiʻona, koi pinepine ʻia nā moʻo e pōloli. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki ke hānai ʻia nā amphibians me nā bloodworm maloʻo, i kūʻai ʻia aku ma nā hale kūʻai o nā holoholona. ʻAʻole e hōʻole ka mea huelo i nā kūpikū, nā tubuleworms, nā ʻenuhe honua.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana a me ke ola o ka newest crest
E ala ana mai ka hibernation i Malaki, hoʻomākaukau ka mea hou i ka manawa moʻa. Mālamalama ko lākou kala, ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ke kāne, e hōʻailona ana i ka makemake o ka holoholona no ka momona.
Hoʻomaka ke kāne i ka noho aloha ma ka hana ʻana i nā leo. I ka manawa like, kaomi ʻo ia i ka cloaca e kūʻē i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a me nā lau o nā mea kanu wai, no laila e māka ana i ka ʻāina āna i koho ai. ʻO ka wahine, ua ʻau aku i ke kāhea, komo i loko o kahi hulahula kupaianaha, i ka manawa a ke kāne e wili ai me kona kino holoʻokoʻa, e pili ana i kāna huelo i ke poʻo o ka wahine, e pale iā ia mai ka hele ʻana.
Hoʻokomo kahi keikikāne pumehana i nā pūpū o nā ʻūlū me nā keikikāne reproductive i loko o ka wai, a ka lede lanakila i lawe ai i loko o kāna cloaca. Aia i loko o ke kino, hana ka hana hoʻomomona.
Ma ka awelika, waiho ka wahine i kahi hua hou he 200 mau hua, akā i kekahi manawa ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā embryo he 500. ʻElua a ʻewalu paha pule ko ka loiloi ʻana. ʻO nā hua manu, hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā kaulahao o kekahi mau mea, hoʻopili ka wahine i ka hope o nā lau, a wehe iā lākou.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, ʻike ʻia nā larvae o 8-10 mm i ka nui mai nā hua manu. I ka wā mua, pōloli lākou, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ka waha, akā ʻo nā wāwae mua a me nā gills, ka mea a ka larva e hanu ai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka metamorphosis, hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Ma hope o kekahi pule, ʻikea nā lālā hope.
E like me ka poʻe mākua, ʻo nā larvae ka mea ʻai. Ke hoʻouka nei mai kahi hoʻohālua, ʻai lākou i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi, a pāʻina pū kekahi i nā larvae mosika. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻoi aku ka nui o ka newt crried mai kānalua i ka meaʻai māmā i nā poʻe liʻiliʻi o ka newt maʻamau.
I ka hoʻomaka o ke kau, ua pau ka metamorphosis larvae, a puka pono lākou i ka ʻāina, e peʻe ana i nā mea kanu a ma lalo o nā snags kokoke i ka waihona. Hiki i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke hana hou i ka hānau ʻana i ka makahiki ʻekolu.
I ko lākou kūlohelohe, ola nā amphibians huelo i 15-17 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana ola lākou a 25-27 mau makahiki. Ke emi wikiwiki nei ka heluna o nā mea hou ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohaumia o nā wai maʻemaʻe, kahi e maʻalahi ai nā newts. Komo hānai hou i ka International Buke ʻulaʻula a ua lilo ka Buke o nā ʻāpana he nui o Rūsia i mea e hiki ʻole ai ke pale i ke ola
