Discus iʻa nani a ʻōlinolino hoʻi e noho ana ma ka muliwai Amazon. He kino poepoe kona, pālahalaha iki ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka iʻa nui, hiki i nā mākua ke piʻi i ka 20 kenimika. Aloha lākou e nā poʻe aquarist a puni ka honua no ko lākou kala ʻalani a me ke ʻano mālie. A he mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, no ka mea ʻaʻole loaʻa iki ka iʻa nani iā ʻoe. Ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia, a ʻoluʻolu i ko lākou mea ʻona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Discus
Symphysodon discus (discus) i ka genus Symphysodon. ʻO ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka ray, e like me ke ʻano perch, ʻohana cichlov. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano i ka makahiki 1904, ua hui pū ʻia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o nā subspesies o ka Symphysodon discus Heckell.
Video: kūkā
I ke kaʻina o ka noiʻi a Kauka Askelrod, aia he puke paʻi ma ka Tropical Fish Hobbyist, kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi taxomy o ka genus Symphysodon. I kēia paʻi ʻana, ua ʻike mua ʻia ke ʻano Symphysodon aequifasciata ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Lawe ʻia ka huaʻōlelo aequifasciata mai ka ʻōlelo Lākina i kahakaha ʻia, e like me ia e pili ana i kahi kala onionio kū hoʻokahi o kēia ʻano iʻa. I kēia ʻano, aia nā kaha ʻeleʻele kū i ka kino o ka iʻa, i nā iʻa o nā ʻohana Heckel, hōʻike like ʻia nā kaha āpau.
No laila, i kēia paʻi, ua ʻike ʻo Kauka Axelrod i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau aʻe o kēia ʻano:
- ʻO Symphysodon discus Heckell, 1840, ka discus Heckel i ʻike ʻia ma 1840 nona ia;
- Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin.
Aia kēia ʻano:
- discus ʻōmaʻomaʻo amber;
- discus polū;
- discus ʻeleʻele.
Ma hope mai, ua kamaʻilio ka ʻepekema like e pili ana i ka piha ʻole o kāna noiʻi ponoʻī ma kēia wahi, i ka makahiki 1981, i ka paʻi like ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻauhau hou aku kikoʻī o kēia ʻano. ʻO nā subspecies Symphysodon discus Heckel me S. discus Heckel a me S. discus willischwartzi Burgess. Loaʻa iā Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegri iā S. aequifasciata haraldi Schultz, S. aequifasciata Pellegrin, a me S. aequifasciata axelrodi Schultz.
Ma hope ma 2006, ua ʻepekema nā ʻepekema mai Switzerland e hoʻonohonoho i kēia ʻano i ʻekolu ʻano:
- ʻO Symphysodon discus ʻo Heckell e kuhikuhi iā ia discus Heckel;
- ʻO Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin kēia ʻano e komo pū ana me ka disipe ʻia discus aequifasciata Pelegrin;
- S. tanzoo Lyons, pili kēia ʻano i ka discus S. t. tanzoo Lyons.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Discus iʻa
He kino poepoe ko ka Symphysodon discus. Pālahalaha nui ʻia ke kino ma nā ʻaoʻao. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka iʻa. I nā kāne, kaulana ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo. ʻElua mau maka maka ke poʻo. ʻO nā peʻa ma ka hope a me ka fin anal he haʻahaʻa, akā lōʻihi. Loaʻa i ka iʻa kahi huelo nani, ʻano peʻapeʻa. ʻO nā lūlū ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa elongated. Mālamalama pinepine nā peʻa, me nā kiko lilelile lōʻihi ma luna o lākou. ʻO nā kiko ke ʻano like me ke kala o ke kino. I ke kala o kēia iʻa, ʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona o 9 mau kaha kū i luna. ʻO ke kala o ka discus, malia paha he ʻano ʻulaʻula uliuli, gula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, iʻa iʻa.
Mea hoihoi: hiki i ka Discus ke hoʻololi i kā lākou kala ponoʻī, kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou kūlana iho. ʻIke a nalo paha i nā kaha o nā kala ʻokoʻa ma ke kino o ka iʻa. Inā hopohopo a pīhoihoi paha ka iʻa, hiki i nā laina kaulike ma luna o ka iʻa ke nalowale pono, a ʻo nā mea ākea, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomālamalama ʻia.
I ka wā hānau o nā kāne, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka hua. I nā iʻa wahine o kēia laha, hana ʻia kahi ovipositor cone-ʻano i ka wā e hānau keiki ana. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia ʻano iʻa. I ke ʻano o ke pio ʻana, hiki ka nui o ke kanaka makua i 20-25 kenimika, ma ke ʻano he nui aku kekahi o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ke ola o ka discus i loko o kona wahi kūlohelohe mai 10 a 16 mau makahiki, eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa i ke pio. Pili kēia i ke koʻikoʻi mau, a me nā kūlana ola maikaʻi mau loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopōkole hoʻi nā meaʻai kōkua i ka makahiki o ka iʻa. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana i ka nohona kūlohelohe. He ʻano mālie ko Discus. Lohi lākou. Neʻe lohi. Noho lākou a ʻau i nā hipa liʻiliʻi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka discus?
Kiʻi: Discus ma Amazon
ʻO ka wahi noho o kēia mau iʻa ʻōlinolino nā muliwai aia ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana hipa ma ke kahawai ʻo Amazon. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kēia ʻano i nā wai o Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil a me Peru.
He mau biotypes ʻokoʻa ko ka muliwai Amazon, kahi i ʻano like ʻole i ka kau. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā ua, hālana nui nā kahawai. Ke alakaʻi nei i ka wai hālana o nā wahi nui.
I ka wā o nā kahawai, haumia nui nā kahawai i nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu i kahe ʻia e ka wai. Ma ka pūnāwai, emi ka wai, e hana ana i nā kahawai he nui a me nā waihona waiho liʻiliʻi. Eʻeleʻele ka wai. I nā wahi kaʻawale, lilo ke kahawai e like me nā kahawai, ʻoiai i ka puna, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai. I loko o ia mau wahi, palupalu ka wai a me ka acidic nui. Loaʻa ka wai i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Noho ʻo Discus i kēlā ʻano kūlana.
E koho maʻamau ʻo discus i kahi e noho ai kahi kokoke i ke kahakai i hiki. Noho lākou i nā nāhelehele i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka wai. Aia kekahi mānoanoa o nā lau ma lalo. Hūnā ʻo Discus i ka mauʻu i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia a ma waena o nā aʻa mea kanu, kahi i ulu ai ka iʻa o kēia laha. ʻAʻole noho kēia iʻa i nā kahawai nui a me ka wai maʻemaʻe, noho pinepine lākou i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi mehana me ke kukui diffuse. Mahalo i kēia kaʻawale, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau heluna kala, a hiki iā mākou ke nānā i kēia manawa.
A mahalo pū i kēia kaʻawale, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻia o nā maʻa o ke iʻa kula. I hoʻokahi hipa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i hoʻokahi haneli mau kānaka. I nā kahawai me kahi kahe wikiwiki, aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka discus. Koho lākou i nā wahi mālie a mehameha.
He aha ka ʻai a ka discus?
Kiʻi: Discus i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o ka discus i nā holoholona hihiu:
- mea kanu nā pua, nā ʻanoʻano a me nā lau. Nā hua kanu. (hana lākou ma kahi o 45% o ka nui o kaʻai iʻa);
- noho invertebrates e noho ana i ka wai (ma kahi o 6% o ka papaʻai);
- Nā larvae Chironimidae;
- nā ʻōpala like ʻole, ka nui o nā nananawewe liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ka honua a me ka wahie.
I ka wā maloʻo ke hiki ʻole ke komo i nā mea kanu a me nā arthropods.
ʻO ka papaʻai o kēia ʻano iʻa ke ʻano like:
- ke kumu o ka papaʻai he detritus (mea meaola i loko o nā koena o nā invertebrates like ʻole, nā iwi decomposed a me nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu, a me nā huna ʻana o nā meaola like ʻole i kāwili ʻia i ka wai i ke ʻano o nā huna, a i ʻole kū i lalo o ka waihona)
- nā limu o nā ʻano like ʻole;
- noho invertebrates e noho ana i ka wai a me nā mea kanu;
- nā crustacea liʻiliʻi like ʻole, nā koena o nā ʻōpae, nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Ke mālama nei i ka iʻa i ka paʻahao, paʻakikī ka hana hou ʻana i kahi papa iʻa iʻa; ʻo ka papaʻai o ka iʻa i mālama ʻia i ka lawe pio ʻana he mau:
- paʻahau i ka artemia salina;
- tubificidae tubifex annelidum;
- ʻai maloʻo;
- ʻenuhe koko (bloodworms) mosquito larvae.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā meaʻai kōkua i ka ate veal, shrimp, squid, lau spinach. Hāʻawi kekahi poʻe aquarist i nā mea kanu hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, paipai ʻia e hāʻawi i nā complexes vitamina i kūʻai ʻia mai kēlā me kēia manawa.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe pehea e mālama ai i ka discus i kahi aquarium. E nānā i ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Discus
He iʻa mālie ʻo Discus. He ʻano mālie ko lākou. I ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou i nā hipa i kaʻawale. Hiki i kekahi ʻohana pēlā ke helu a i hoʻokahi mau haneli mau kānaka. ʻAʻohe maʻamau nā hakakā ma ka ʻohana, koe wale no ka hiki i nā kāne ke hakakā me ka wahine. I kekahi manawa i ka wā hānau, e hakakā paha ke kāne a me ka wahine. Inā i kēlā manawa ua hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua manu, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho ka iʻa i loko o nā kino wai mehana a me nā kahawai me ka mālamalama mālamalama, ka wai mehana, a me nā wahi he nui no kahi e puʻuhonua ai. Makaʻu kēia mau iʻa i ke kani nui a me ka neʻe koke. Maikaʻi ʻole ke koʻikoʻi no ka iʻa, hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou kala, ʻinoʻino. Ma kahi kokoke i ka discus Symphysodon, hiki ke loaʻa nā iʻa e like me Cyclides o nā genera like ʻole, nā iʻa pahi, nā iʻa, nā kukuna a me nā piranhas ma ke ʻano.
I ka pili kokoke i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ikaika ka discus, ʻaʻohe paio no ka ʻāina. A nui nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole e noho i ka panalāʻau i noho ʻia e ka discus ma muli o ka mehana a palupalu hoʻi o ka wai o laila. I ke ola maʻamau, ola ka iʻa i nā pua. ʻAʻole hana akāka ʻia kēlā mau ʻohana. I ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, māhele ʻia ka iʻa i mau pālua, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kāne a me kahi wahine. Kūkaʻi ka lawaiʻa iʻa i nā wahi mehameha i waena o nā aʻa i hoʻokahe ʻia o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu like ʻole.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, mālama pinepine ʻia kēia mau iʻa i loko o nā loko wai nui a kaʻawale. Kūpono ka Discus o nā ʻano āpau no nā hoalauna, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ke launa pū me lākou ma muli o kā lākou thermophilicity. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia e kanu i nā iʻa diski me nā scalars hōʻeuʻeu a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā scalars ke hoʻoweliweli iā lākou a ʻokiʻoki i nā koʻi mai ka iʻa discus mālie.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Blue Discus
Loaʻa i kahi iʻa Discus kahi hanana kaiāulu kūpono. Ke iʻa kula nei lākou. Hele lākou i waho e hānai i nā pālua i hana ʻia. Hoʻomaka ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka iʻa mai ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Hana ka spawning i nā wahi mehameha ma waena o nā snags, nā aʻa mea kanu. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka wahi pāʻani iʻa. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i kahi pōhaku, snag a i ʻole lau mea kanu.
ʻO ka Discus maʻamau ka hoa i ka pouli. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻohe pāʻani pāʻani. ʻO Caviar, ka mea maʻa mau ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau hua, kau ʻia ma luna o kahi subostat i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina momona, mālama ke kāne i ka pāʻani. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi manaʻo makua me ka Discus. Mālama pono kekahi mau hua moa a kālua i kā lākou keiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa discus e mālama pono i kā lākou keiki, ma lalo o kekahi koʻikoʻi i ka nānā ʻana i ka caviar iʻa, hiki i nā mea hana ke ʻai iā lākou iho.
Hoʻomaka ka palai e hatch mai nā hua manu ma hope o nā lā ʻekolu. I loko o ka wā a hiki i ke kō ʻana o ka ʻai, me lākou nā mākua a hānai iā lākou. ʻO ka Discus fry kahi pale, pale ʻole. Hiki ke kala i ke aniani kokoke i ka mahina ʻekolu o ke ola o ka palai. Hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā iʻa i loko o ka aquarium ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā. ʻO ka wai no ka iʻa i ka wā e hoʻouluulu ai ma kahi ana mahana ma kahi o 30 kekelē.
He mea nui ʻaʻohe iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka aquarium, kanu pinepine ʻia ka pālua no ka hānau keiki i loko o kekahi aquarium me ka ʻole o ka lepo, akā aia kahi i laila no ka hanau keiki ʻana. Algae, pōhaku, grottoes like ʻole. Hānai ʻia ka ʻai i loko o ka aquarium me ka lepo ola e hoʻomaka ana mai 6 mau lā. I kēia hihia, pani ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hānai ʻana a nā mākua, waiho ʻia lākou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka discus
Kiʻi: Pākuʻi melemele
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Discus. ʻO ka ʻenemi helu ʻekahi o ka discus ka puhi elela. Nui kona makemake e ʻai nui i kēia iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻenemi he iʻa nui a ʻoi aku ka hakakā. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano mālie a me kekahi lohi, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke ʻeha mai nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻAi lohi lākou i ka ʻai, a hiki i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ke lawe i ka meaʻai mai ka discus, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e noho i nā ʻano e like me ka discus.
Makemake nā iʻa e like me locaria a me nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole o ka iʻa i ka ʻahaʻaina waiū momona e hūnā ʻia e ka iʻa discus. I ka wā o ka omo ʻana, kau lākou i ka ʻeha ma ka discus, kahi e make ai ka iʻa. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ke kokoke ʻana i nā scalars a me nā iʻa kolohe ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hōʻeha iā lākou a ʻokiʻoki i kā lākou mau lola.
Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa, ʻaʻole e noho pinepine i nā wahi o ka discus, hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau iʻa maikaʻi e nā maʻi a me nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona. I ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole maʻi nā discus i ka maʻi, akā i loko o kahi aquarium, hiki i kēia mau iʻa nani ke maʻi.
ʻO nā maʻi nui o ka discus pio ka:
- hexamitosis. Hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻole ʻana e ʻai. Nā loli i ke kala o ka lehulehu fecal. E mālama me ka hoʻonui o ka mahana o ka wai i ka aquarium;
- maʻi ma muli o ka koʻohune Flexibacter columnaris ke hoʻopili ʻia ka iʻa e kēia mau koʻohune, aia ka emi ʻana o ka makemake, paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana a me ka pouli ʻana o ke kala. E mālama i ka maʻi me kahi hopena o Levomycitin.
Ke hoʻololi nei kekahi ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka discus i nā kūlana kaiapuni. Discus he iʻa thermophilic nui loa, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i nā fluctuations o ka wela ikaika. Pono lākou i ka wai mehana, maʻemaʻe me ka palupalu kiʻekiʻe a me ka waikawa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i nā iʻa ke neʻe i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu hou aʻe: i ka aquarium, me ka piʻi nui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka mahana, hiki i nā iʻa o kēia laha ke haʻalulu, a make paha lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Discus iʻa
Ma muli o ko lākou nani, koi ʻia kēia mau iʻa e ʻeha. A mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, ke emi nei ko lākou heluna kanaka. ʻOiai makemake nui ʻia kēia iʻa e nā aquarist a puni ka honua, hopu pinepine ʻia lākou mai ko lākou wahi maoli. I ka manawa like, make nā iʻa he nui. I kēia lā ua helu ʻia ka lāhui Symphysodon discus i ka Red Book. Eia kekahi, ua loli maikaʻi ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano i ka loli, ke haumia o nā waihona i noho ai nā iʻa. Ua loaʻa i kēia laha ke kūlana o nā laha aneane no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kēia iʻa e ke kānāwai i nā ʻāina he nui.
Mea hoihoi: No nā pule mua, hānai ka ʻai i kahi huna i hūnā ʻia e ka ʻili o nā mākua. Hūnā ʻia kēia mucus ma ka ʻili o nā mea hana ʻelua. Ke pau ka mucus o kekahi o nā mākua, hele mai kahi makua ʻelua ma kahi kokoke a hānai i nā keiki. I kekahi manawa, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻokuʻu ka iʻa o nā mākua i ka mucus, a laila make ke keiki. ʻAʻole hiki ke hānai hānai i ka pā palai i kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka Discus e kūʻai ʻia aku nei he iʻa hānau hānau. I nā ʻāina he nui, hānai ʻia ka discus i loko o nā waihona wai hana, nā aquarium a me nā waihona wai o nā waihona like ʻole. I kēia manawa, ma Brazil, ma nā kapakai o ka Amazon, ke hoʻokumu ʻia nei ka Tumukumake Reserve Park, kahi e nui ai nā kahawai, nāʻauwai a me nā wailele, e lilo ia i wahi kūlohelohe pale ʻia.
Palekana Discus
Kiʻi: Discus mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ua helu ʻia ka discus i loko o ka International Book Red, a he kūlana ko kēia ʻano "species endangered, due to pinepine hopu". Pāpā ʻia e ke kānāwai o Brazil, Pelekiuma, ʻAmelika Hema.
I kēia lā, ma ke kapa o ka muliwai Amazon, ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei kahi wahi pale - ka Tumukumake Reserve Park. I kēia pāka, pale ʻia nā kino wai āpau e hāʻule i ka pā. Pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i loko o lākou, ʻaʻohe ʻoihana a me nā ala kokoke i ka pā. Noho ʻo Discus i kēia mau waihona wai. Hoʻohui ʻia, i Iapana a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ulu ka Symphysodon discus species ma lalo o nā kūlana hana.
ʻO nā iʻa e kūʻai ʻia aku nei i hānai ʻia e nā aquarist ʻike. I nā aquarium, hana kolohe kēia ʻano a ola hoʻi ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki, ke hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia nā pono āpau no lākou. ʻO ka iʻa i hānai ʻia i ka pio ua loaʻa i kahi kala neon ʻoi aku ka māmā a maʻalahi hoʻi e maʻalahi i ke ʻano o ka aquarium ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana hihiu.
I mea e mālama ai i kēia iʻa nani, pono ke akahele o ke kanaka me ke kūlohelohe. Kāohi i ka lawaiʻa pupule, a mai hoʻohaumia i nā kino wai, kūkulu i nā wahi lapaʻau ma nā ʻoihana i ʻole e hāʻule nā mea hoʻokuʻu i loko o ka wai.
Discus ka mōʻī undisputed o nā aquariums, aloha nui ka poʻe iā lākou no ko lākou kala neon ʻōlinolino. Ke ʻike nei i kahi pūʻulu discus i loko o ka loko iʻa, a i ʻole i kahi aquarium, lawe i kā mākou hanu mai ka mea nani a Mother Nature e hāʻawi ai iā mākou. Akā ke kāne, minamina, no ka pono o ka loaʻa kālā, ʻaneʻane hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau mea nani. E mālama pono i ke kūlohelohe a me ka mea e hāʻawi mai ai iā mākou, a mālama i kēia iʻa nani i ʻike ʻia e nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Lā paʻi: 06/30/2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 22:26
