Buke ʻulaʻula. Inventory o nā iʻa laha ʻole a me ka hoʻoweliweli
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka helu a me ka nalo mau ʻana o kekahi ʻano holoholona, e like me ka iʻa, ua lilo i mea ʻoiaʻiʻo o ko mākou manawa. No ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea ola laha ʻole a hoʻoholo i nā ala e mālama ai iā lākou, ua kākau ʻia nā puke Red.
ʻO kēia kahi ʻano cadastre o nā ʻelele hoʻoweliweli o ka honua holoholona o ka mea nui a ka lāhui. Pono nā keʻena āpau a me nā kamaʻāina pākahi e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
Hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana o nā ʻano e nā pae like ʻole:
- Māhele 1 - nā mea hoʻoweliweli. Hiki ke hoʻopakele ma o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, ka pale ʻana i nā mālama a me nā mālama.
- Māhele 2 - nā ʻano hoʻēmi. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make e kahi pāpā paʻa.
- Māhele 3 - ʻano laha ʻole. ʻO nā helu liʻiliʻi ke kumu o ka nāwaliwali i ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻomaopopo ka palekana a me ka kaohi o nā mokuʻāina o ka mokuʻāina i ka makaʻu o ka make ʻana.
ʻO ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā iʻa he paʻakikī loa, no laila, e hoʻoholo ana he aha nā iʻa i loko o ka puke Red ua loaʻa wale nō ia, a ʻo nā laha e pono nui ai ka pale, hiki ke kumu o nā paepae koho akāka ʻole.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona o ka ʻāina i helu ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano pale, iʻa Buke ʻulaʻula hōʻike ʻia e 50 mau ʻano wale nō, a i waena o lākou he ʻepekema nui hoihoi.
ʻO Sakhalin Sturgeon
Hāʻawi ʻia ia i ka mahele 1 o nā ʻano mea ʻane pau. I ka manawa he hōʻailona o ka waiwai ka poʻe paʻa, ua hōʻike ʻia lākou i nā kapa o nā lima. Ua kapa ʻia ka iʻa he ʻulaʻula i ke ʻano o ka nani, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo Sturgeon.
Loaʻa i nā Sturgeons ʻehā mau antennae ma ko lākou mau alo no ke aʻo ʻana i ka lalo a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻio i ka nuku. ʻAʻohe iwi iwi maʻamau, kahi notchord cartilaginous kūikawā i pani ma kahi.
ʻO ka carapace luna ʻoʻoleʻa me nā ʻōiwi ʻoiʻoi e pale i ka paʻa paʻa mai nā mea i komo i loko o nā mea ʻaihue nui. Ua ʻike ʻia nā paʻa paʻa kūpuna nunui e kaupaona ana a i 2 mau keneta.
I kēia lā, hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a 1.5 m a 40 kg, nā ʻoliva, me ke kino kālapa i uhi ʻia me nā pā iwi, a i ʻole nā ʻūpā i kau ʻia ma ke kua, nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū.
Akā pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e loaʻa iā lākou. Hopu ʻia ka iʻa ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha. I waena o iʻa o ka Buke Ula o Rusia Noho ʻo Sakhalin Sturgeon i kahi wahi kūikawā.
I loko o ke kiʻi ʻo Sakhalin Sturgeon ka iʻa
I ka wā ma mua, ua hele ʻo Sakhalin Sturgeons e hānai ma nā kahawai like ʻole o ka Teritori Khabarovsk, Sakhalin, Iapana, Kina, Kōlea, Primorye. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokokoke ke ʻano i ka paepae o ka make ma muli o ka lawaiʻa aloha ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka pūnaewele e hoʻomālamalama hope loa nei ka kahawai kahakai ʻo Tumnin, e kahe ana ma nā kahakai ʻo Sikhote-Alin. Akā ma laila nō, ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ʻohana aliʻi o nā paʻa paʻa, ke alakaʻi nei i ka mōʻaukala mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā Jurassic, lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke ʻole ke komo pū ʻana o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hānau hānai wale nō ke ala e hoʻopakele ai i nā paʻa moku Sakhalin i kēia lā.
ʻO nā kahawai kahawai he nui no nā wahi uila uila i lilo i mau pale i hiki ʻole i ka lawaiʻa iʻa. I nā makahiki Soviet, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻike i ka nalowale wikiwiki o nā Stefgeon.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka caviar Stefgeon hiki wale i ka wai hou o nā kahawai, a laila hoʻomau ke ola i ke kai, kahi momona nā iʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka paona. Lawe ʻia i 10 mau makahiki no ke kōpena e oʻo makua. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopau ke ola ma mua o ka manawa, a laila hiki i kona mau lōʻihi i 50 mau makahiki.
Hina hina ʻEulopa
Pili i ka ʻāpana 2 o nā ʻano shrinking. Pili ka wahi noho o ka hina me ka wai anuanu a aniani o nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā loko. Ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā waihona wai ʻEulopa mai Great Britain, Palani a hiki i nā muliwai Ural ma Lūkia.
ʻO ka nui o ka hina hina ma kahi o 60 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia a 7 kg. ʻO ka inoa o nā laha mai ka ʻōlelo Helene, ʻo ia hoʻi "ke ʻala o thyme". Honi maoli ka iʻa.
ʻAi lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, crustacean, molluscs. ʻO ka hānau ʻana o ka hina ʻana i Mei i kahi hohonu pāpaʻu o ka waihona. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i ka lepo paʻa. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke ola o kahi hina i 14 mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa, ua ola ka heluna kanaka o ke kahawai ecotype, ka mea i kūpono loa i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Hoʻomaka ka nalowale nui o nā kahawai a me nā loko i hala mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19.
I ke kiʻi, iʻa hina
ʻO ka mea mua, ua haʻalele ka hina i ke kahawai ʻo Ural, a laila kū i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻOka. ʻAʻole hoihoi ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i ka poachers, a ke wikiwiki nei ka hana hou ʻana o ia iʻa, ʻoiai ke kanalua nei ka lilo ʻana o ka loko wai.
ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻano hina hina i loko o nā kīʻaha muliwai Volga a me Ural e pili pū ʻia me ka lawaiʻa ikaika ʻana, ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o nā kino wai me ka holo ʻana, a hiki i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make ʻana o ka iʻa. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Red Book o Russia a hiki i ka pale ʻana.
Lūkini keiki kāne ʻole
Pili i ka ʻāpana 2 o nā ʻano hōʻemi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana carp, i hoʻonui ʻia ma mua mai Palani a i ka pae Ural. Ua ʻike mākou i ka iʻa ulu ulu Lūkini i loko o nā kīʻaha o ka Dnieper, Don, Volga. Loaʻa ia ma ka holo wikiwiki o nā kahawai, a no laila e lawe i ka inoa e pili ana. I nā kula liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa mālama ia kokoke i ka ʻilikai o ka wai. Hoʻokiʻi ʻia ka pae i nā ʻāina ma lalo o ka moku ʻo Samara.
Liʻiliʻi ka iʻa i ka nui, mai 5 a 13 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 2-3 g. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, kiʻekiʻe ke kino, me nā unahi kaulike kaulike silvery. Kuhi ʻia kahi kaha ʻeleʻele kiko kiko ma ka laina ʻaoʻao mai nā gills a hiki i ka fin caudal. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi iʻa ma mua o 5-6 mau makahiki. ʻAi ia i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi a me zooplankton.
ʻAʻole aʻo iki ʻia ka Russian fastling. Hiki i kahi iʻa pōkole pōkole ke nalo loa i kekahi kahawai, a kū ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki. He paʻakikī ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka helu o nā laha. Hoʻomaka kāna kope ʻana mai ʻelua mau makahiki o ke ola i ka manawa mai Mei a Iune.
ʻŌwili Dwarf
Māhele 3, ʻano laha ʻole. He mosaic ka pālahalaha. ʻO ka nohona nui ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kahi ʻōwili dwarf ma Lūkia i nā loko nui a hohonu o ka Chukotka Peninsula, nā waihona wai o ka kumu glacial.
ʻO ka iʻa i helu ʻia i ka Buke Ulaula, me nā worworm, hiki ke neʻe mai ka mea kākaʻikahi a i ka mahele ʻaneʻane make inā hoʻonāwaliwali ka kaohi o ka lehulehu.
ʻAʻole komo kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi i nā kahawai, noho i ka pō i ka wai pāpaʻu, a i ke ao i nā papa loko hohonu a 30 m. ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o kahi kupapaʻu ma kahi o 9-11 cm, ke kaumaha 6-8 g. ʻO ke kala kala me kahi aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kua a me ke poʻo.
Lawe maʻalahi nā unahi, nui ke poʻo a me nā maka. Ua heleleʻi nā kiko ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao, aia kokoke i ka lihi luna o ke kua. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā waihona i nā burbots a me nā loach e ʻai nei i ka hele wāwae.
Lilo kahi iʻa mākua moekolohe i 3-4 mau makahiki a hū ma kahi one ma ka wā kau i ka wai anuanu. ʻO ka caviar melemele māmā. Hiki i kahi ʻano laha ke nalowale me ka ʻole o nā ana e mālama ai i ka paia o ka dwarf.
ʻAʻole hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā hana pale i ka pāpā ʻana i nā ʻupena hei ma ka lawaiʻa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o nā kino wai kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻōwili pygmy.
Kai kukui
Ma waho, he paʻakikī e hoʻomaopopo inā he iʻa ia. ʻOi aku ka nānā aku o Lamprey i kahi ilo ma lalo o ka wai. Ua ʻike ʻia ka predator ma ka honua ma mua o 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ʻaʻole i loli maoli.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Lamprey ka kūpuna o nā iwi āpau. Hoʻokahi paha haneli mau niho o ka mea ʻaihue i ka iwi ā, a aia nō lākou i ke alelo. Me ke kōkua o ke alelo e nahu ai i ka ʻili o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
Sterlet
Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano waiwai he waiwai nui i nā lawaiʻa. I ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, ua loaʻa he mau haneli mau tona o nā iʻa sterlet i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka ipu Volga. A laila, i ka waena o ke kenekulia, ua nui ka heluna o ka sterlet, no ka nui loa paha o ka luku ʻia o ke kanaka a me ka haumia o ka wai.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu. Manaʻo ʻia pili kēia ʻano me nā hana mālama, i lawe ʻia i nā wahi āpau e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻia o nā laha.
Iʻa trout
ʻO ka iʻa Anadromous, loko a i ʻole kahawai mai ka ʻohana salemona. Lake a i ʻole kahawai - kapa ʻia nā ʻano kamaʻāina o kēia salemona he iʻa.
Taimen maʻamau
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ka poʻe e noho ana ma Siberia i ka bea ma ke ʻano he haku o ka taiga, a ʻo ka taimen ka haku o nā muliwai taiga a me nā loko. Makemake kēia iʻa waiwai i ka wai maʻemaʻe a me nā wahi kaʻawale, nā mea i hoʻopā ʻole ʻia, keu hoʻi i nā kahawai e kahe ana me nā kahawai wikiwiki, me nā loko a me nā lua.
Carp ʻeleʻele
ʻO kahi iʻa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia o ka ʻohana carp, kahi wale nō o ka genus Mylopharyngodon. I Rūsia kahi ʻano laha ʻole a ʻaneʻane pau ia.
Berseka
He iʻa Lūkini mua ʻole, noho wale ia i nā kahawai o ke kahawai o ke kai Caspian a me Black. Nui nā mea like a Bersh me ka pike perch, akā i ka manawa like like pū me perch, i kēia mea, ua manaʻo ʻia he keʻa ke keʻa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua.
Sculpin maʻamau
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka sculpin a me nā iʻa lalo lalo kona poʻo pālahalaha nui. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao ona mea kaua me ka pine mana a liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā maka ʻulaʻula a kokoke i ke kino ʻōlohelohe e maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka sculpin mai nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei ka iʻa i kahi ola sedentary, benthic.
ʻO ka Red Book ka hana a nā loea he nui. He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlana o ka iʻa. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻikepili, akā ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻia no nā ʻano he nui he ʻoiaʻiʻo.
ʻO ka noʻonoʻo kanaka wale nō a me nā hana pale i lawe ʻia e hiki ke hōʻoki i ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā wahi wai o ka honua.
Ka wehewehe ʻana a me nā inoa o nā iʻa i loko o ka Buke Ula o Lūkia hiki ke loaʻa me ka ʻole o ka paʻakikī, akā ʻo nā lunamaka kakaikahi loa i ke kūlohelohe e paʻakikī paʻakikī nei e ʻike, no laila, pono nā hoʻoikaika pū ʻana o nā mea mālama kūlohelohe.
