Nā ʻalalā liʻiliʻi (Aythya affinis) no ka ʻohana duck, kauoha anseriformes.
Hoʻolaha o ka anglerfish liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Duck kahi ʻano ʻAmelika o nā pālule luʻu. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia i nā ululāʻau a me nā pāka ma Alaska, Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma North a me South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, ʻākau hikina o Wakinekona ma ka moku ʻo Southern Oregon, a me ka ʻākau hikina o Kaleponi.
I ka hoʻoilo, noho ia i nā wahi kūpono i nā kapakai kahakai Pākīpika, e like me Colorado, hikina hema o Florida, a me ke kahakai ʻAkelanika o Massachusetts. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano pato ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā loko wai nui a ma nā kahawai o Ohio a me Misisipi. ʻO nā pato uuku nā wahi hoʻoilo a puni ʻo Mekiko a me ʻAmelike Waena, ma ka ʻAmelike a me Hawaiʻi. ʻIke ʻia i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo ma ka Western Palaearctic, Greenland, British Isles, Canary Islands, a me ka Netherlands.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka diabolō kai liʻiliʻi.
Nā wahi noho o ka tartar.
Makemake nā ʻalalā liʻiliʻi i nā wahi wai no ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, a i ʻole i kekahi mau manawa paha, i nā waihona me nā mea kanu ulu o nā ʻohe a me lalo o ka wai - pondweed, aquatic yarrow, hornwort. Makemake nā ʻāpō i nā kino o ka wai me ka nui o nā amphipods a me nā mea kanu wai nui i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia.
ʻIke ʻia lākou i loko o ka wai wai hou a me nā wahi wai liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i nā loko, nā loko, nā muliwai, a me nā kahakai kahakai. I kahi liʻiliʻi, koho ʻia nā nāʻu a me nā nāʻu e kokoke i nā kino wai.
Nā hōʻailona o waho o ka ʻUlaʻula liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Duck liʻiliʻi kahi ʻāiki pākī nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ana iā 40.4 a 45.1 cm, nā wahine 39.1 a 43.4 cm.Pona: 700 a 1200 g i nā kāne a mai 600 a 1100 g i nā wahine. Hoʻololi ka plumage o nā ʻāpala i ka hapa nui o ka makahiki. He nuku polū ko ke kāne, poni ʻeleʻele poʻo, umauma, ʻāʻī, huelo i ke kau male (mai ʻAukake a i Iune e hiki mai ana). Keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, a keʻokeʻo ka hope me nā leo hina.
He kokoleka ka wahine, me nā aka mālamalama i ka plumage, ʻulaʻula ke poʻo, me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ke kumu o ka nuku poʻo hina. I nā kānaka āpau, keʻokeʻo nā hulu kula kiʻekiʻe ma nā wēlau; kū kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke kihi o ka ʻēheu luna. Pili ke kala o ka iris i ke kāne a me ka makahiki. Hinahina ke kala o ka iris o ka maka i nā moa, i nā ʻāpō ʻōpio lilo i melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a laila melemele i nā kāne makua. ʻO ke kala o ka iris i nā wahine e noho brownish.
He paʻakikī nā ʻāiki liʻiliʻi e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā ʻano pilina, ʻoi aku hoʻi mai kahi mamao.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻāʻī kai.
ʻO nā manu kai liʻiliʻi he mau manu monogamous. Kū nā pālua i ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūnāwai a noho mau nā manu, a laila noho ka wahine e hoʻoulu i nā hua.
ʻO ka piko o ka pūnana a me ka oviposition i Iune. Koho ka wahine a me ke kāne i kahi me kahi fossa liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā lau nahele mauʻu. Hoʻopili nā manu i loko me ka mauʻu a me ka hulu, e hāʻawi ana i ka pūnana i kahi ʻano poepoe.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine he 6 a 14 mau hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka maʻamau 1 hua manu i kēlā me kēia lā a hoʻomaka i ka hatch i hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha ma mua o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ka hua hope. Hoʻomoe kekahi mau ʻalalā i kā lākou mau hua i nā pūnana o nā wahine ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻūlū nui nā hiʻohiʻona o nā heluna hema; i nā heluna ʻākau, moe nā pato i nā hua liʻiliʻi. Haʻalele ke kāne i ka wahine a mālama kaʻawale i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i Iune, ma kahi o 21 - 27 mau lā. Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i nā hua a mālama i nā keiki. Hahai nā pīpī i kahi pēpē makua a hānai iā lākou iho, ʻohi mua lākou i ka meaʻai mai ka papa o ka wai, a ma hope o 2 mau pule ua luʻu lākou i loko o ka wai. Alakaʻi ka wahine i nā ʻāpō no 2 a 5 mau pule, e waiho pinepine nei i ka pua ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e lele nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.
Hoʻomohala nā pēpē i nā ʻāpala tiger mai nā hua nui i ke kau mahana, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ola ma mua o nā ʻano pili ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana duck. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, make ka moa i loko o nā pule mua ma hope o ka hatching ma muli o kahi predation a hypothermia paha. Manaʻo ʻia e ʻike ʻia nā moa o ka ʻāpō tartar ma ka hopena o ka wā hānau i ka manawa eʻauʻau ai nā amphipods i ka nui o nā kino wai - ka meaʻai nui o kēia ʻāpī. Hiki i nā ʻāiki liʻiliʻi ke lele no 47 - 61 mau lā ma hope o ko lākou helehelena. Hana nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā keiki no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka hana hou ʻana no kekahi manawa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka ʻikika tiger i ka nāhelehele ʻo 18 mau makahiki a me 4 mau mahina.
Nā hana pilikino o ka tartar.
ʻO nā pēpē liʻiliʻi nā nohona kaiāulu, manu lele ʻole. ʻAe lākou i ke alo o kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau hānau, ke pale nā kāne i kā lākou wahine.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokumu nā peʻa i nā hipa nui e neʻe.
ʻAʻole pale nā pālua hānai i ko lākou mokuna, akā he mau wahi liʻiliʻi lākou e loli pinepine i ka nui i loko o ka wā hānau. ʻO nā wahi o ka panalāʻau mai ka 26 a 166 hectares. I ka hoʻoilo, holoholo nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi i nā wahi me nā kūlana maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi nā wahine i ko lākou wahi hānau i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana: ʻaʻole hana mau nā kāne i kēia.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana o ka tartar.
ʻAi nā pēpē liʻiliʻi, nā ʻumeke a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā ʻelala, nā crustacea a me nā molluscs. ʻAi lākou i kekahi manawa i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu wai e like me nā līlia wai a me nā capsules hua manu.
ʻAi nā manu i ka wai pāpaʻu, luʻu i ka wai hāmama.
Luu lākou i ke kihi a kū ma ka ʻili i mau mika mai kahi a lākou e luʻu ai. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻai nā honu i kā lākou mea pio ma lalo o ka wai, akā i kekahi manawa huki lākou i uka e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea ʻai ʻole. E loli ka papaʻai i ka hilinaʻi i ka loaʻa o ka wā kau a me ka nohona. ʻO Lacustrine amphipods, chironomids, a me nā leech (Hirudinea) he mea nui i ka hānai ʻana. Hoʻopiha nā mollusks a me nā ʻano mea kanu i ka ration meaʻai; inā pono, ʻai nā ʻāpō i ka iʻa, caviar a me nā hua i nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā hua ma ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke kūlana mālama o ka tartar.
Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻāiki liʻiliʻi e nui loa e ka IUCN a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia e make. Hōʻike ka nui a me ka laulā ākea i kahi kūlana paʻa o nā ʻano. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano luʻu maʻamau o ʻAmelika Hema. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻole heluna ʻāina. Noho kekahi poʻe i kahi wahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa, me ka luku ʻia o nā wahi wai a hoʻonui i ka hoʻohaumia. Ua loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka selenium i ke akepaʻa o ka ʻāpala tiger ma ka moku ʻo Great Lakes, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make manu i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi o nā ʻāpō i ka wā kau ma ʻAmelika Hema i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai a me ke koʻikoʻi e hōʻemi ai i ka hana hānau a hoʻololi i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpiki ma ʻAmelika Hema.
