Mai ka wā kahiko, he hōʻailona ko ka ʻaeto i ka hanohano a me ka wiwo ʻole. Ke lele nei ke kiʻi o kēia manu ma luna o nā hae a me nā kapa komo lima, i nā moʻomeheu he nui i manaʻo ʻia he laʻa lākou, a ma nā moʻo Helene kahiko ua pili ka ʻaeto me Zeus
Manu manuahi i ka lewa, a noʻonoʻo pono ʻia i ke ʻano o ka nui a me ka mana o ka ʻohana hulu. Akā, ʻoiai ka nui o ka mahalo i kēia laha, i ka manawa o ka ʻaeto gula i lalo o ka pale a ua helu ʻia ma nā Red Data Books o Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland a me Ukraine.
Noho a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Aeto gula manu no ka ʻoka ʻo Falconiformes, ka ʻohana Yastrebins. ʻO kēia ka ʻaeto nui nui, agile a nani hoʻi. ʻO kona ʻēheu ma kahi o ʻelua mau mika, ma kahi o 6 kg ke kaumaha. Noho ka manu ʻaetoeto gula ma nā ululāʻau, nā mauna a me nā steppes o Eurasia, Kōlea, Iapana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe e pili ana i ka manu ʻaeto ʻaeto ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke kapakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema, mai ʻĀkauka a i nā ʻāina waena o Mekiko. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hikina o Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma ʻEulopa, noho lākou ma nā mauna o Sepania, Scandinavia, nā Alps a me nā Balkans. ʻO nā wahi punahele o ka aeto gula he mau pāpū a me nā kuahiwi, mamao aku i nā kānaka. Noho lākou i ka tundra, steppe a me nā steppe ulu lāʻau, nā awāwa semi-wao nahele, nāhelehele, nā ʻano ulu ulu like ʻole.
Koho nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi ma nā kahawai a me nā loko, a ma nā pā foothill ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500 m. No ka hopu holoholona, pono lākou i nā panalāʻau ākea, ma muli o ka nui eheu. No ka leʻaleʻa, makemake lākou i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a me nā pōhaku.
Ma Rūsia, noho nā aeto gula ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike liʻiliʻi loa - hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e hui me nā poʻe. ʻOiai ma kahi pāpū ua ʻane waiho kahi kanaka no ka ʻaeto gula, pinepine ka manu e noho i nā kahawai pau ʻole o ka ʻĀkau Lūkia, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic a me Scandinavia a me Belarus.
Loaʻa pinepine nā aeto gula ma Tyva, Transbaikalia a me Yakutia, akā me ke ʻano o nā pūnana kokoke ma kahi o 10-15 km. kaawale ʻO ka ʻike ʻana he manu ʻaeto ʻaeto e makemake i ka noho kaʻawale, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ma nā wahi waena, e noho nui ʻia e ka poʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka pūnana ʻana o nā aeto gula.
ʻO ka noho aeto ʻaeto
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻaeto gula e hoʻāʻo e noho kaʻawale mai nā hale kanaka, nui nā poʻe nomadic o Central Asia i hoʻohuli a hoʻohana i ka ʻaeto gula no ka hopu holoholona ʻana, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻelela mai ka wā kahiko.
ʻO nā manu nui me nā ʻēheu ikaika, nuku ʻoiʻoi ikaika, nā ʻūlū ikaika me nā māiʻuʻu a me ka maka maka ʻoi loa ka poʻe hahai holoholona. Ua koho nā aeto gula e ʻimi i nā mea pio mai kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me ke ʻano nui o ka hopu holoholona.
ʻEwalu mau maka o ka ʻaeto i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maka ma mua o ke kanaka, no laila ʻaʻole holoholona e pakele i kāna maka. ʻO ka ʻaeto gula e lele ana i ka lewa ke nānā aku me ka wikiwiki ʻole a hoʻomaha hoʻi, akā ke hoʻouka ʻia, loaʻa i kahi holoholona laha ʻole ka manawa e lele ai.
ʻOiai, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻopakele iā ʻoe mai kahi mea ʻino. Hoʻomau ka manu e hakakā no ka meaʻai ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea nui ke kiʻi aku i ka mea pio me kou maiuu, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i kahi holoholona nui ke pakele mai ka paʻa kila.
Hiki i ka ʻaeto gula ke hāpai i kahi holoholona i kaupaona a 20 kg i ka lewa, a i ka hakakā lima hiki iā ia ke haki ka ʻāʻī o kahi ʻīlio hae. ʻImi pinepine nā aeto gula i nā pālua, ma waho o ka wā hānau. Inā kuhi hewa kekahi, e hoʻoponopono koke ka hoa iā ia. A i ʻole hoʻoweliweli kekahi manu i ka mea pio, ʻoiai noho ka lua i kahi hoʻohālua.
ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano hakakā, paʻakikī loa nā ʻaeto gula i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou waiwai e nā kānaka. E haʻalele paha kekahi mau manu i kahi pūnana me nā ʻūlū a i ʻole nā moa, inā pili ke kanaka ma kahi kokoke a hoʻopilikia iā lākou - e make nā moa. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o nā laha o kēia mau ʻaeto.
Mea ʻai aeto
Ke hoʻomau nei ho'ākāka kēia mau mea holoholona ʻaihue manu, pono ke kamaʻilio hou aʻe e pili ana i kā lākou meaʻai. Pono ka ʻaeto gula i 1.5 kg. ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā, e hana ana i nā mea āpau loa. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona, nā manu nui a me nā māmala e lilo i waiwai pio o nā ʻaeto gula.
Hares, marmots, ʻalopeke, nā mea kolo, nā hedgehogs, nā kuhukukū - hele nā mea āpau no ka meaʻai. ʻO nā manu, makemake ka ʻaeto gula e ʻimi i nā geese nui, nā ʻāpō, nā puaʻa a me nā manu puaʻa. ʻAʻole makemake ka ʻaeto gula i ke alualu ʻana i nā pheasant nimble a wikiwiki a me nā partridges.
Hoʻokomo pinepine kahi aeto makua i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kaupaona. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i hoʻouka ai ka ʻaeto gula i nā mokulele liʻiliʻi a wāwahi i ke kīʻaha. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā aeto gula.
I ka wā o ka huli holoholona, hana ka ʻaeto aeto i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa: hiki iā ia ke lele koke a lele koke mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, hāʻule ʻaneʻane i luna o ka pio i pale ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopunipuni a hoʻohālike ʻaʻole hoihoi i ka hopu holoholona.
A lele i hala e kali a sneak i luna o ka ʻohana o nā holoholona hāneʻe, e hoʻohana ana e uhi i ka like ʻole o ka ʻāina. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau hihia, ʻo ke koena o ka ʻaeto gula he mea alualu pololei a hoʻopono ʻole ia, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻaʻahu i kāna mea pio, akā makemake ʻo ia e hoʻouka koke.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole e eo ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia mai ka hahau mua ʻana, e hoʻokau pinepine ka manu iā lākou a hiki i ka wā e hele ai. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi holoholona nui, a laila ke kuʻi ka predator me nā māiʻuʻu lōʻihi i ka ʻili a me nā naʻau o loko, e hōʻeha ana i nā ʻeha make.
Lālau ka ʻaeto i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi me hoʻokahi paw ma ke poʻo, ʻo ka lua i ka hope, a haki ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻohe hiki i kekahi ke pakele mai nā pale kila o ka ʻaeto gula. Nui nā kiʻi o nā ʻano ʻimi hopu manu like like o kēia manu e ʻōlelo nei i kona ikaika a hoʻomohala pono i nā mākaukau holoholona. I ka paio no ka meaʻai, hiki i ka ʻaetoeto gula ke lawe i ka mea pio mai nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He monogamous nā aeto gula, hana lākou a mālama i kahi pālua no ke ola. Koho ʻia ka hoa i ka makahiki 3. ʻO ka wā moena, i hoʻomaka ʻia i Pepeluali - ʻApelila, ʻano pīhoihoi loa ia mai waho.
Hōʻike nā kāne a me nā wahine i ko lākou nani a me ka ikaika o kekahi i kekahi. Hōʻike pinepine kēia iā ia iho i kahi lele e like me ka nalu - ka ʻaeto gula, i loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe, luʻu hohonu i lalo a wehe i kona mau ʻeheu i mua o ka honua ponoʻī.
Hōʻike pū nā manu kekahi i kekahi i kā lākou hiki i nā mea alualu holoholona, hōʻike i nā māiʻuʻu, hoʻohālike i nā hoʻouka kaua kekahi i kekahi, alualu.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka pālua i ke koho a kēlā me kēia, waiho ka wahine i 1-3 mau hua manu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kiko ʻalani. ʻAneʻane i nā manawa āpau e noho ʻo ia ma nā hua, he 40-45 mau lā, kākaʻikahi ke kāne e pani me ia.
Koho nā aeto gula maikaʻi i nā wahi pale ʻia e kūkulu i nā pūnana. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2 mika i ka nui a me 3 mika i ke anawaena.
Kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana mai nā lālā, a kau ʻia me ka mauʻu palupalu a me ka limu. I loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa, kūkulu kahi ʻeto o nā aeto gula i kekahi mau pūnana ma kahi i koho ʻia, a ma hope e kūleʻa ana ma waena o lākou.
Hoʻopiʻi pinepine nā moa i ka huli, a inā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻōpio, a laila e hoʻokuke iā ia mai nā meaʻai a ka makuakāne e lawe ai a haki i ka wahine i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Nānā nā mākua i kēia me ka nānā ʻole, a ʻo ka pinepine make ka ʻōpio muli loa. Noho ʻo Chicks i ka pūnana ma kahi o 80 mau lā, a ma hope e aʻo ka makuahine iā lākou e lele. Ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me nā moa, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe balota laconic, i nā manawa maʻamau, na aeto gula.
ʻO nā ʻikena i lilo i ʻēheu e noho i ka pūnana me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ka puna aʻe. ʻO ke ola o nā aeto gula ma ka nāhelehele ma kahi o 20-23 mau makahiki. I nā zoo, hiki iā lākou ke ola i 50 mau makahiki. Minamina, ke emi nei kēia mau manu hanohano nani i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
