ʻO nā pāpū pau ʻole o ʻApelika, kahi home o nā lau nahele nunui he nui ʻEtmiʻi scarab... Maliʻa paha ʻo ʻApelika, a ʻo ka Honua holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole ia i mū ʻia i nā puʻu ʻōpala nunui mahalo i nā nalo ʻōpala, i waena o nā wahi ʻāpana scarab ka wahi hanohano loa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Scarab beetle
Hoʻonohonoho nā Entomologists i ka nalo scarab ma ke ʻano he nalo scarab, papa insect, ʻaha coleoptera a me ka ʻohana lamellar. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻohana e kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka whiskers, hiki ke wehe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa ma ke ʻano o ka peahi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pā neʻe lahilahi.
Video: Scarab beetle
I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻepekema ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus, kahi e maʻa mau ai i nā steppe maloʻo, nā wao akua, semi-desert, savannas. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano scarab hiki ke loaʻa wale i ka wahi tropical o ka ʻāina ʻApelika. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Palaearctic, e uhi ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika, ʻEulopa a me ka ʻākau o ʻAsia, kahi home o 20 mau ʻano.
Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino o nā beetles scarab mai 9 a 40 mm. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele matte o ka papapa chitinous, a ʻoi aku ka hinuhinu i ko lākou wā ʻelemakule. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā kolo me ka chitin o kahi kala kala-gula, akā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kēia. ʻOkoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine ʻaʻole i ke kala a me ka nui, akā i nā wāwae hope, i uhi ʻia me ka pelaha gula ma loko.
No nā beetles scarab āpau, ʻo nā mea kanu ma nā wāwae a me ka ʻōpū kahi ʻano nui, a me ke alo o nā niho ʻehā ma nā wāwae mua ʻelua, e pili ana i ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā pōpō mai ka manure.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka nalo scarab
ʻO ke kino o ka beable scarab ke ʻano o ka ākea, kūiki liʻiliʻi, uhi piha ʻia me ka exoskeleton. ʻO ka exoskeleton kahi uhi chitinous paʻakikī a paʻa mau hoʻi, e hana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he kapa kila i pale ʻia i ke kino o ka nalo mai nā ʻeha e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāna hana. ʻO ke poʻo o ka beable scarab pōkole a ākea me nā niho o mua ʻeono.
ʻO ka pronotum i ka insect kekahi ākea a pōkole hoʻi, pālahalaha, maʻalahi i ke ʻano, he hale granular a me kahi nui o nā niho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka elytra chitinous elytra ma mua o ʻelua mau lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o ka pronotum, ʻeono mau aniani pāpaʻu lonikū, a me ke ʻano granular like ʻole.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū o hope me nā niho liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia me nā lau nahele i ke ʻano o ka lauoho ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa nā lauoho like ma nā pā tarsi ʻekolu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā wāwae mua e nā beetles no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo a me ka manure. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke koena o ka tarsi, nānā lākou i ka coarser, ʻoi aku ka mana, nui a ʻehā mau niho o waho, ʻo kekahi o lākou he mau niho liʻiliʻi loa ma ko lākou kumu. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae waena a me ka hope, lahilahi, ʻōwili a kōkua i nā mea kolo e hana i nā pōpō o ka manure a lawe iā lākou i kā lākou wahi i hele ai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO nā kinipōpō lepo i hana ʻia e nā beetles scarab hiki ke ʻumi mau manawa i ʻoi aku i nā mea kolo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nalo scarab?
Kiʻi: Scarab beetle ma ʻAigupita
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, manaʻo ʻia aia nā ʻiʻo scarab e noho ana i ʻAigupita, kahi i mahalo nui ʻia a aneane hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i kahi hoʻomana, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nohona o nā kolo. ʻIke ʻia ka scarab ma nā wahi āpau o ʻApelika, ma ʻEulopa (nā komohana a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina nui, ka hema o Rūsia, Dagestan, Keokia, Palani, Helene, Turkey), ma ʻAsia a ma ka penikala Crimean hoʻi.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻike ʻia ka makemake o nā beetle scarab i nā aniani mahana a wela paha me nā hoʻoilo pōkole a mehana, kahi ʻano no nā wahi i luna, a me nā kai ʻEleʻele a me ke Kaiwaenahonua. Makemake nā nalo e noho ma nā lepo one ma nā sabana, nā ʻāpana hema, nā wao akua a me nā wao akua, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻāʻo e pale i nā wahi saline.
He mea hoihoi ka noho ʻana o nā nalo ma ka peninsula o Crimean, akā no ka liʻa paha o nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina, ua liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui ma mua o ko lākou poʻe ʻohana ʻAigupita.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma mua o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua hoʻāʻo nā entomologists e ʻike i nā meheu o nā scarabs ma Australia, akā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Kohu mea lā ma kēia ʻāina ʻaʻohe makemake o Mother Natura i nā hoʻonohonoho. A ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha, ua kaulana mau ʻo Australia no ka nui ʻole o ka honua holoholona, akā no ka mea maʻamau ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena holoʻokoʻa kahi wao nahele maloʻo e noho liʻiliʻi ʻia e nā holoholona.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka nalo scarab. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nalo scarab?
Kiʻi: Scarab beetle i ke kūlohelohe
ʻAi ka scarab beetles i ka manure mammalian hou, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā lākou ke kūlana o nā hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohana. Ma ka hopena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia hiki i ka 3-4 mano mau nalo ke lele i kahi puʻu manure liʻiliʻi. Pono ka manure e hou, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i nā pōpō mai iā ia. Hana nā nalo i nā kinipōpō lepo i kahi ala hoihoi: me ke kōkua o nā niho ma ke poʻo a me nā wāwae o mua, e lūlū ana e like me ka ʻōʻō. Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kinipōpō, lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana manure poepoe i kumu. Noho ma luna o kēia ʻāpana, huli pinepine ka nalo i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, hoʻokaʻawale i ka manure e hoʻopuni iā ia me ka lihi o kona poʻo, a i ka manawa like, ʻohi nā ʻūlū mua i kēia manure, lawe mai i ka pōpō a kaomi iā ia mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a loaʻa ke ʻano a me ka nui i makemake ʻia. ...
Hūnā nā mea kolo i nā pōpō i hana ʻia i nā kihi malu a malu, a i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke ʻolokaʻa iā lākou i mau mika he ʻumi, a ʻo ka neʻe aku o ka nalo mai ka puʻu, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ʻōwili ʻana i kāna mea pio. Inā hoʻohuli koke ʻia ka scarab no kekahi manawa, a laila hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka pōpō e nā ʻohana pili pono. Kū pinepine ia kahi hakakā ikaika i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā pōpō o ka manure, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea noi no lākou ma mua o nā mea nona.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūpono, ʻeli ka nīha i kahi lua hohonu ma lalo o ka poepoe, ʻolokaʻa ʻia ma laila, kanu ʻia a noho ma kahi o kāna mea pio a ʻai loa ia. Lawe maʻamau kēia i mau pule ʻelua a ʻoi. Ke pau ka meaʻai, hele hou ka nalo e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaka hou nā mea āpau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hōʻoia ʻepekema ʻaʻohe kino kikokiko scarab beetle i ke ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: beetle scarab nui
ʻO ka beable scarab ka mea i ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hana nui o ka nāhelehe, hiki ke neʻe i 90 mau manawa i kona kaumaha ponoʻī. Loaʻa iā ia kahi mākau kūlohelohe - hana ʻo ia mai ka manure i kahi ʻano geometric ʻaneʻane maʻamau - kahi sphere. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka scarab i loko o kona wahi mai ka hapalua o Malaki a ʻOkakopa. ʻEleu nā nalo i ke ao, a i ka pō, inā ʻaʻole mehana, hele lākou i ka lepo. Ke wela loa i ke ao, hoʻomaka nā pōpoki i ka pō.
Lele maikaʻi loa nā beetles, no laila, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā pūʻā nui, ʻauana lākou a puni nā wahi e pili ana i nā pua o nā lau nahele nui. Hiki i nā scarabs ke hopu i ka pilau o ka manure hou mai kekahi mau mile ka mamao. Ua kapa inoa ʻia ka scarab i ke ʻano o ka lepo o ke one no kahi kumu, no ka mea aneane pili kona ola i ka manure. Hiki i kekahi mau kaukani beetle ke hana i kahi ʻōpala o nā holoholona i kahi o hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka manawa e hoʻomaloʻo ai.
ʻĀwili ʻia nā kinipōpō lepo e nā beetles ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau ʻumi mau mika mai ka ahu a kahi wahi malumalu, kahi e kanu ʻia ai i ka lepo a ʻai ʻia i loko o ʻelua mau pule. Kū pinepine nā hakakā hakakā ma waena o nā nalo no nā pōpō lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Ke ʻōwili nei nā kinipōpō, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kāne "male". I nā aniau anuanu, kahi anuanu nā anuanu, ʻaʻole hiamoe nā beables scarab, akā e kali i nā hau, hana i nā mālama i mua, hūnā i nā lua hohonu a hoʻomau i ka hana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nīwi scarab ʻAigupita
E like me ia, ʻaʻohe o ke kau moʻo no nā scarabs. Pāleʻi ka nalo a hoʻomoe i nā hua i nā manawa a pau e hana. A ʻike lākou iā lāua iho he mau kāne i ka wā e hana ana. Noho ʻo Scarab beetles ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. Hoʻomākaukau nā ʻelima ʻōpio i nā kinipōpō lepo no kā lākou meaʻai. Ma kahi o 3-4 mau mahina o ke ola, hui pū nā kāne me nā wahine i "ʻohana" a hoʻomaka i ka hana pū, hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai ʻaʻole wale no lākou iho, akā no nā keiki e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻeli nā mea kolo a hiki i 30 knm hohonu me kahi keʻena pūnana i ka hopena, kahi e ʻōwili ʻia ai nā pōpō lepo a ma laila kahi e hana ai ka moena. ʻO ke kāne, i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna hana, haʻalele i ka pūnana, a waiho ka wahine i mau hua (1-3 pcs.) I nā kinipōpō lepo, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi ʻano peʻapeʻa. Ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana, e hoʻopiha nei i ka puka o luna mai luna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻokahi wahine momona i ka wā hana ke hiki i nā pūnana he ʻumi, a no laila, waiho i 30 mau hua.
Ma hope o 10-12 mau lā, hatch ka larvae mai nā hua manu, a hoʻomaka koke lākou e ʻai ikaika i ka meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o kēlā ola i hānai maikaʻi ʻia, lilo kēlā me kēia larva i pupa, a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule e lilo i nalo i hana ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā pupae, e noho mau i loko o nā pōpō lepo, a hiki i ke kauwela, a i ʻole a hiki i ka pūnāwai, a hiki i ka wā e nāu ka ua.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ke ola o nā scarabs:
- hua moa;
- larva;
- pēpē;
- nalo makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā beetles scarab
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka nalo scarab
Nui aʻe nā nalo scarab, ʻike maikaʻi ʻia mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kolo mālie. Eia hou, makemake nui lākou i kā lākou hana a ʻike ʻole lākou i kekahi mea a puni koe ka manure a me kā lākou mau hoa. No kēia kumu, maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kolo, hopu a ʻai no nā manu lele, a no kekahi mau māmela. ʻO nā Crows, muries, jackdaws, moles, foxes, alualu nā hedgehogs i ka nalo i nā wahi āpau, ma nā wahi a pau āna e noho ai.
Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia ka tikiki he ʻenemi ʻoi aku ka weliweli ma mua o nā mea hōkai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ia kikika ka hiki ke haki i ka papa chitinous o ka nalo me nā niho ʻoiʻoi, piʻi i loko a ʻai ola ia. ʻO kahi kikiki no kahi scarab ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli i ka makaʻu, akā i ka nui o lākou, e hana pinepine ʻia, make ka nalo.
Ma ke ala, ma muli o ka ʻeli ʻana ma ʻAigupita, ua loaʻa nā pūpū chitinous o nā scarab me nā lua ʻano, e hōʻoia ana ua lilo nā ʻelika i mau ʻenemi maikaʻi loa o nā scarabs. Eia kekahi, ua nui nā pūpū i loaʻa i ka manaʻo o nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi o nā ticks i luku ʻia i nā lāhui āpau o nā beetles e hōʻike iā ia iho.
No ke aha mai kēia hana? ʻAʻohe o nā pane ʻepekema i kahi pane pololei i kēia, akā hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ma kēia ala e hoʻāʻo nei ke kūlohelohe e hoʻoponopono i ka helu o kekahi ʻano.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Scarab beetle
Wahi a nā entomologists, ʻo ka scarab Sacred ka mea wale nō o nā nalo, akā ʻaʻole ma mua loa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o nā ʻano mea like ʻole i loko o kahi ʻohana kaʻawale o Scarabeins.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka:
- armeniacus Menetries;
- cicatricosus;
- variolosus Fabricius;
- winkleri Stolfa.
ʻAʻole aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano nalo i luna, akā ʻano ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia me ka nui, nā aka o ka iwi chitinous, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi ma muli o ka nohona. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe i ka maikaʻi o nā nalo scarab i loko o ʻAigupita Kahiki, ke ʻike lākou i nā ʻenekala nondescript ʻeleʻele e luku pono i ka manure a me nā meaʻai i hōʻino ʻia. Ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka honua i nā hua ʻōpala o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, he mea nui ia i kahi wela nui, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomana ʻia ʻana o nā nalo ʻeleʻele a hānai ʻia i wahi hoʻomana.
I ka manawa o ka pharaohs a ma hope, ma ʻAigupita Kahiki, aia kahi hoʻomana o ke akua scarab Kheper, ʻo ia ke akua o ka lōʻihi a me ke olakino. I ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana o nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs, ua loaʻa he heluna nui o nā Kheper figurine i hana ʻia me ka pōhaku a me nā metala, a me nā medallion gula i ke ʻano o ka ʻalā scarab.
Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā beetles scarab i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he "mea hoʻohana" kūmole o ka manure.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAukekulelia, kahi i hānai ʻia ai nā holoholona like ʻole i ka nui he nui, ua pau nā mea kolo kūloko i ka pale ʻana i ka nui o ka manure. I mea e hoʻonā ai i ka pilikia, hoʻoholo ʻia e lawe mai i nā nui he nui o kēia mau nalo meli ma laila. ʻAʻole i mole nā kolo ma Australia no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ua kūpaʻa lākou i ka hana.
Pale pale scarab
Kiʻi: Scarab beetle mai ka Red Book
ʻO ka heluna nui o nā nalo scarab i kēia lā e manaʻo ʻia he nui loa i ka honua, no laila, i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina kahi e noho ai lākou, ʻaʻohe mea e pale ai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole rosy nā mea āpau. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kā lākou nānā ʻana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike mai nā entomologists i kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole. Aia ke kumu i kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā wahi i hānai ʻia ai nā holoholona o nā holoholona, ʻo ka hapanui o nā lio a me nā holoholona hihi nui, e loli mau ana ka nui o nā scarabs.
Hoʻomaka lākou e nānā no ke kumu a ua hoʻololi ʻia e pili pono ana nā fluctuations i ka helu o nā beetles i nā insecticides i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mahiʻai e hakakā i nā parasite: nā puliki, nā birdflies, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he mau kau nā insecticide ma luna o nā holoholona, no laila ke ola wikiwiki nei nā nalo.
ʻO ka scarab beetle, e noho nei ma ka peninsula Crimean, i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Ukraine ma lalo o ke kūlana o kahi ʻano nāwaliwali. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka paʻa ʻana o ka hana o ka Canal Akau Crimean, ma muli o ka hopena i hoʻomaka ai ka paʻakai ʻana o ka lepo i loko o ka peninsula, a laila pono mākou e manaʻo e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kūlana no ka nalo ma Crimea.
ʻEtmiʻi scarab ʻaʻole makaʻu ia i nā kānaka āpau: ʻaʻole ahu, ʻaʻole hōʻino i nā mea kanu a me nā huahana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hānai ana i ka manure, hoʻonui nā beetles i ka lepo me nā minelala a me ka oxygen. Ma waena o ko ʻAigupita kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka beable scarab i hōʻailona e hoʻomau i ka pilina ma waena o ka poʻe a me ka Sun God (Ra). Manaʻo lākou he pono ke hele pū ka ʻenekia me ke kanaka ma ka honua a ma ke ola ma hope, e hōʻailona ana i ka lā i ka puʻuwai. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua aʻo ko ʻAigupita o kēia mau lā e mālama i ka make ma ke ʻano he hiki ʻole ke hiki, akā ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hōʻailona scarab i ko lākou ola mau loa.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/03/2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 11:58
