He iʻa muksun - kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā kahawai ʻo Siberian. ʻO ia, ma ke ʻano maoli o ka huaʻōlelo, maikaʻi ia mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, i ka helehelena a me ka ʻono. Kaulana ka ʻiʻo Muksun no kona ʻono lahilahi me ka momona o ka momona, a ʻaʻohe iwi ikaika i loko. E hoʻāʻo e maopopo i nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho o kēia naʻi o nā muliwai taiga, e ʻike i ka mea i lanakila i kāna papaʻai, e aʻo i nā ʻano iʻa a e ʻike i kahi o muksun kahi mau loa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Muksun
ʻO Muksun kahi iʻa mai ka genus whitefish genus, no ka ʻohana salemona a me ka subfamily keʻokeʻo. Ma mua o 60 mau ʻano iʻa i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā keʻokeʻo, ʻaneʻane makemake lākou āpau i nā waihona kahe me ka wai anuanu, e pale ana i nā wahi me kahi aniau wela a me kahi kau kau wela lōʻihi. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Muksun he keʻokeʻo ʻākau, hiki ke kapa ʻia hoʻi he aloha anu.
Aia i waena o nā ʻohana pili loa o muksun nā:
- Baikal omul;
- pāpālina (chira);
- nā keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe;
- tugun;
- peled.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Muksun ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina o ka wai hou, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui i ka wai paʻakai iki. Me ka maʻamau o ka manawa, neʻe ka iʻa i nā kahawai desalinated. Loaʻa ka ikaika o kāna papa i ka wā wai i ka wā e hālana ai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻana o nā lehulehu o ka hau.
Video: Muksun
Nui kēia nui iʻa keʻokeʻo. Hiki i nā kānaka mākua ke hōʻea i ka nui o 5 a 8 kg, akā hiki ke kapa ʻia ia mau hiʻohiʻona he trophy, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia lākou. ʻO ka maʻamau, predominates ka ulu ʻōpio, ke kaupaona ʻana mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a i ʻelua kilokika a me ka lōʻihi o 30 a 40 cm. Ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia e nā ana o nā salmonid āpau, hiki ke kau ʻia ka muksun ma kahi waena ma waena o nā mea iʻa nui e like me taimen, nelma, chinook salmon (mai 20 a 80 kg) a ʻaʻole nā ʻano nui loa o ka hina hina (mai 2.5 a 3 kg).
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka muksun nui loa i hopu ʻia he 13 kg a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 90 cm.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o muksun
ʻAʻole māhele ʻia ʻo Muksun i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Aia nā lehulehu kūloko, nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui, ka manawa o ka ʻōpio, ke kala.
Aia ma waena o lākou nā mea penei:
- Lena;
- Kolyma;
- indigirskaya.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kino o ka muksun a ʻemi iki ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, hāpai ʻia ke ala caudal i luna. ʻO ke poʻo, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i mua, ʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o kahi ihu kiko, ka waha ma lalo e waiho ai. He ʻano adipose fin kā ka iʻa. ʻO ka leo o ke kino holoʻokoʻa he hina hina, a pena ʻia ka piko ʻeleʻele i kahi lehu a me nā aniani bluish. I nā poʻe oʻo, ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ke kua i kahi puʻupuʻu i wehewehe pono ʻia. Palupalu nā unahi o muksun, o ka nui awelika, ma ka laina ʻaoʻao aia mai 87 a 107 unahi.
Kaomi iki ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa a ʻokoʻa ka leo nui i kahi kala māmā. Hoʻonui ʻia ka iwi ā luna o ka muksun, hiki i ka helu o nā poʻe ʻokiʻoki a hiki i 65, kahi kūpono loa no ka kānana ʻana o ka silt lalo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, no nā holoholona ʻōpio hoʻi. ʻO Muksun kahi iʻa hanohano a waiwai nui i loko o kona ʻohana salemona, no laila, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i kahi papalina, hala pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he muksun, e noʻonoʻo pono mākou i kā lākou ʻokoʻa i ʻole e hoʻopunipuni.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiwahiwa:
- ʻoi aku ka hoʻololi o ke poʻo i ka ʻaoʻao dorsal i muksun, a ma ka papalina e ʻike ʻia e ka maʻalahi;
- He nui ka laulā o ke kino o ka chekur, ʻoiai i ka muksun he kaulike ia;
- He waha kiki ko ka muksun o ke ana waena, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iwi ā luna ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa. Liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka papalina, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ihu me kahi puʻu ʻano;
- ʻupuʻupuʻu a pololei ʻole ka ʻōpū o ka muksun, ua ʻākoʻo ma ka papalina;
- ʻo nā unahi nunui o ka pāpālina e noho paʻa loa, a i ka muksun nāwaliwali lākou a me waena i ka nui;
- ʻo ka averiga o nā unahi ma ka laina ʻaoʻao o ka muksun 97, ʻo ka papalina 90.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka pāpālina a me ka muksun ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika o nā unahi iʻa: inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe e ʻānai i nā unahi me kou manamanalima, a laila ma muksun e maʻalahi ia ma hope o ke kino, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā papalina, nona nā unahi paʻa paʻa a paʻa paʻa loa.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo muksun?
Kiʻi: Muksun iʻa
No ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka iʻa muksun ma ka ʻākau, no ka mea he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o nā muliwai ʻo Siberian taiga, loaʻa ia i loko o ka wai o ka Moana Arctic, ʻoi aku ka makemake i kāna wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi. Nui loa ka ʻāina o muksun noho, uhi ia i ka Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (ke kahawai ʻo Kara) a hiki i ka Māhele ʻo Magadan (ke kahawai ʻo Kolyma) a me Yakutia.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā muksun āpau i nā ipu muliwai e hiki mai ana:
- Lena;
- Indigirki;
- Yenisei;
- Anabara;
- ʻObi;
- Pyasiny;
- ʻO Irtysh.
Noho pū ʻo Muksun i loko o ka wai o ia mau loko e like me Glubokoe, Taimyr, Lama. ʻIke ʻia ka iʻa ma ke kai Kara, ke kai Laptev, ke kai Siberian Hikina, i ke kai, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi kai.
Mea hoihoi: I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i hala, aia he nui nui o muksun i loko o ka muliwai ʻo Tom (ke kahawai kūpono o ka Ob), no ka mea he mea maʻamau ke kāhea ʻana i nā kamaʻāina ʻo Tomsk "muksunniks". Ma muli o ke kūleʻa ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana, ua loli ke kūlana i kēia manawa, ua emi nui ka nui o ka muksun, ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau i kēlā mau wahi.
Ma waho o nā palena Lūkia, makemake ʻo muksun i ka wai loko iʻa wai o Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma aneʻi ua kapa ʻia ʻo "iʻa keʻokeʻo" - iʻa keʻokeʻo, no ka mea pena ʻia i nā leo māmā (ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo). Makemake ʻo Muksun i nā wai wai maʻemaʻe a i ʻole saline wai liʻiliʻi, hele ʻo ia ma nā wahi kai, ʻume ʻia ʻo ia e nāʻauwai muliwai me ka wai kai hou a paʻakai hoʻi. Hele mau ʻo Muksun i ka wā o ka spawning, e lanakila ana i nā wahi ākea, akā i nā kīʻaha o nā ʻōnaehana muliwai e like me Ob a me Tom hiki ke loaʻa i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ʻo muksun?
Kiʻi: Northern muksun
Ke hana nei ʻo Muksun, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā ia me ka neʻe ʻole, no laila, he mea nui ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, no ka mea pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i kou ikaika i kēlā me kēia lā. Nā meaʻai māmā i nā meaola like ʻole, liʻiliʻi, benthic: nā ʻūlū, nā lepe, nā molluscs, nā crustacean medium-size, nā ʻano meaola like ʻole o ke kai. Kōkua ka hoʻolālā kūikawā o nā papa aniani i ka muksun e kānana i kahi nui o ka lepo o lalo (ʻo ka silt hoʻi) i mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai i loko.
Ka palena papaha o ka ʻōpio i ka zooplankton a me nā hua o nā ʻano salemona ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole makemake nā hiʻohiʻona mākua i ka meaʻai māmā i ka pā o kā lākou hoa. I loko o ka wā spawning, hānai hānai loa ka iʻa i ʻole e paupauaho a hele i ke kahua mokulele. Akā i ka pau ʻana o ka wā ʻōnio, lilo ʻo muksun i omnivorous, no ka mea aia kahi koi nui e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikehu a me ka ikaika.
I ke kau o ka lele lehulehu ʻana o nā mea kolo e noho kokoke ana i nā kino wai, hoʻomaka kahi ʻahaʻaina maoli ma muksun, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ka wai, e hopu mau ana i nā mea hou he nui e lele ana a hāʻule pololei paha i loko o ka wai.
No laila ʻai nui ʻo muksun:
- nalo nalo;
- kapuahi ahi;
- Nā nalo meli;
- pulelehua pō;
- padenkami;
- nā pepelu ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Muksun iʻa ma Lūkia
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, makemake ʻo muksun i nā waihona wai hou a i ʻole paʻakai iki ʻia me ka wai anuanu maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia kēia iʻa ʻo ka ʻākau (keʻokeʻo ʻākau), no ka mea ʻaʻole makemake ia i ke aniau mehana a me ke kau wela wela lōʻihi, a no laila lilo kona wai Siberian i noho ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Muksun he iʻa semi-anadromous, no ka mea ke hana lōʻihi nei i ka neʻe ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana.
Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo Muksun paʻakikī loa a kūpaʻa hoʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e make i ka wā e hānau ai, ʻoiai ʻo ia e lilo i ka nui o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, hoʻi kēia iʻa ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i kāna mau wahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻihoʻi ikaika ʻana i kāna mana a me nā mālama momona, e hānai nui ana me ka palaka ʻole.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i kahi muksun wiwo ʻole a me ke kumu ke lanakila ma kahi o ʻelua mau mile kaukani, a ʻau ʻo ia e kūʻē i ke au i kēia manawa e kāhili i kāna mau hua.
Hoʻolālā ʻo Muksun i kahi manawa lawa o ka manawa iʻa i ka hānai ʻana, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā hānau. ʻO nā wahi hānai o muksun nā wahi kahe me ka wai anuanu, ʻokoʻa ka hohonu o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau mika.
ʻO ka mea nui he ʻokoʻa kēia mau wahi:
- wela kumupaʻa;
- ka loaʻa o nā hale hilinaʻi i lalo o ka wai;
- wai maʻemaʻe me ka lawa pono o ka oxygen.
Ma ka laulā, mahalo nui ʻia ʻo muksun ma waena o nā lawaiʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa. Aia kekahi hōʻike i ka wā kahiko, i ka wā i kūʻai ʻia aku ai ka sterlet i loko o nā bākeke i nā mākeke, kūʻai ʻia aku ʻo muksun e ka ʻāpana a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi. Manaʻo ʻia kāna ʻiʻo he mea ʻono a me kahi waihona o nā wikamina pono a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hana nā mea makemake i ka lawaiʻa i nā mea āpau i hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kēia iʻa kupaianaha, lawaiʻa lākou me ka wili a me ka lawaiʻa lele ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maunu like ʻole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Muksun iʻa i loko o ka wai
Hāʻawi ka natura i ka muksun me kahi lōʻihi o ke ola, kahi mai 16 a 20 mau makahiki, a ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona iʻa, e lanakila ana i ka laina 25 makahiki. I kēia mea, ua oʻo iʻa ka iʻa i ka wā oʻo makua, i maʻa mau ʻia e 8 - 12 mau makahiki, ʻo nā muksuns makua mua he ʻeono makahiki o ka iʻa.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala ʻana o muksun i ka wā mua o ka wā puna, ke hiki ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau mua. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, hele ʻo muksun i mau kaukani mau kilomita e kahili i nā hua. ʻAʻau ka iʻa i kahi mamao loa ma ke kau waena o ka hoʻoilo. No nā wahi e hoʻomoʻa ai no muksunu, kūpono nā waihona wai, kahi e holo wikiwiki ai ke au, a uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o lalo i ke one a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili. Hoʻopau ka wā iʻa iʻa i ka hopena o ke kau (Nowemapa).
Mea hoihoi: Pau ka ʻō ʻana o muksun ke hāʻule ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o ʻehā mau kekelē me kahi hōʻailona plus.
Aia ka nui o nā hua i hana kope ʻia e ia i ka nui o ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke helu mai 30 a 60,000. He melemele nā huamoa i ka waihoʻoluʻu a paʻa, pono no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī. I loko o kāna ola iʻa, hana ka wahine i 3 a i ʻole 4 mau neʻe neʻe, i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻaʻohe ona ikaika e hele i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi loa, a loaʻa mālie iā ia, e hoʻopiha hou ana i kāna mau waihona momona, i mea e huakaʻi nui a lōʻihi hoʻi.
Mālama nā hua o muksun no kahi manawa o ʻelima mau mahina a ʻoi. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē ma Malaki a ʻApelila paha. Ke hānau ʻia nā pā liʻiliʻi, lawe ke kahe o ka wai iā lākou i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai a i ʻole nā pahu wai sedimentation, kahi e ulu ai ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā pēpē e ko lākou ʻano tiger, kahi mea e kōkua iā lākou i ka camouflage ma waena o nā mea kanu wai kai, kahi e ʻimi ai iā zooplankton no ka meaʻai. Ua ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka maʻamau, mākaukau ka iʻa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana ke hiki i ka nui o 800 mau a ʻoi paha.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o muksun
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka muscone
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o muksun. No ka mea wai, hiki i nā mea iʻa iʻa nui aʻe ke lilo i poʻe makemake ʻole i kēia iʻa. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā hua manu, hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka nui e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka palupalu. Eia nō naʻe, ke kali nei ka ʻenemi weliweli a makaʻu ʻole hoʻi i muksun ʻaʻole ma ka kolamu wai, akā ma kahakai.
ʻO kahi muksun wiwo ʻole a paʻakikī hoʻi, e hele ana i ka spawn, hiki ke lanakila i nā mea kūpilikiʻi a me nā mea paʻakikī, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokahuli i ka kuko kanaka, barbarism a me ka nele i ke kumu. He kaumaha ke hoʻomaopopo, akā ʻo ka ʻenemi iʻa nui a hoʻopūʻiwa hoʻi, ʻo ia ke kāne. Hoʻopili ka poʻe iā muksun, pololei a pololei ʻole hoʻi. ʻO ka lawaiʻa lehulehu ʻole i kāohi ʻia a me nā lawaiʻa āpau āpau e ulu, e luku ana i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole, me muksun.
ʻOi aku ka palupalu a me ka pale ʻole ʻana o ka mūnū e hoʻouluulu ana, kahi e hoʻāʻo nei e kiʻi i nā kahua e hoʻoulu ai i nā shoals holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia e nā poachers poʻokela ʻole, no ke kumu waiwai, e luku nei i ka iʻa me kāna caviar. Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole ke kanaka i ka lehulehu o ka iʻa, hoʻohaumia i nā kino wai ma muli o kāna mau hana luhi ʻole. I nā wahi he nui kahi muksun a he lunamakaʻāinana lehulehu o ka ichthyofauna, ua manaʻo ʻia ia he ʻano rarity nui, kahi mea e hoʻonui nui nei i nā ʻoihana mālama.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Muskuny
Ua ʻeha ʻo Muksun i kāna ʻono momona a maikaʻi hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia he kumukūʻai. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, i nā ʻāina he nui, kahi i nui ai kēia iʻa, ua hōʻole nui ka holoholona, a ua lilo ia i mea nui loa ka muksun. Ua hōʻole nui ka heluna kanaka muksun ma muli o ka lawaiʻa lehulehu ʻole ʻia ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa hewa ʻana. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia, ke hāpai ʻia nei ka nīnau no ka hoʻopili ʻana me muksun i ka Red Book ʻoiai ke nānā ʻia nei, akā nui nā hana pale i hana ʻia.
ʻOiai manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa he kalepa, akā kāohi ʻia kāna lawaiʻa ʻana. I kekahi mau wahi (Tyumen, Tomsk) a me nā panalāʻau o nā moku kūʻokoʻa ʻo Yamalo-Nenets a me Khanty-Mansi, mai ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea kaohi no ka lawaiʻa muksun. I ka 2017, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka muksun i loko o ka wai o ke kai lawaiʻa o Siberian Komohana.
Mea hoihoi: Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Muksun i nā kūlana hana, mai kahi e hoʻolako ʻia ai i nā waihona o nā hale kūʻai like ʻole.
I kekahi manawa, ke aloha kanaka, kuko a me ka makepono makehewa no ka loaʻa kālā ʻike ʻole palena palena, e like me ka hōʻike e ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i nā papa inoa ʻulaʻula e nā ʻelele like ʻole o ka holoholona. Hiki iā Muksun ke kali i kēlā hopena, akā ke lana nei ka manaʻo e hua ana nā hana pale i hala, ʻoiai, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka manawa, makehewa a paʻakikī ʻole ka hakakā ʻana me ka ʻaihue.
E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia muksun - he neʻe ka iʻa, no laila, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i nā hopena i makemake ʻia i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka Red Book. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e nānā ʻia kahi hoʻemi o ka nui o nā holoholona ma muksun ma nā wahi āpau, akā i ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau o kona wahi nui. Maliʻa paha e helu ʻia nā muksun ma kahi kokoke e kākau ʻia i ka puke Red o ko mākou ʻāina nui.
Lā paʻi: 26.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 21:07
