Noho ʻia nā tropika ʻĀsia e kahi ʻāmala liʻiliʻi - tupaya... ʻO nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana o nā holoholona ʻaʻole i emi i nā makahiki he kanalima. ʻO nā kūpuna relic i noho i ka wā o nā dinosaur ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o nā holoholona o kēia au. Ua manaʻo mua nā Zoologists e hoʻokaʻawale i ka tupaya ma ke ʻano he primate, a ma hope he insectivore. Ua kū mākou ma kahi kaʻawale o nā tupayevs a i ʻole ma Latin Scandentia.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā poʻe i nānā i nā holoholona he mau manaʻo like ʻole e pili ana i ko lākou helehelena. Hoʻohālikelike kekahi i ka tupaya me kahi squirrel, e nānā ana i kāna fussiness a me ke ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana, e noho ana ma kona mau lālā hope a e paʻa ana i kahi hua a i ʻole kekahi ʻenekia me nā ʻūhā mua.
Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i ka like o waho me kaʻiole. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā hōʻailona o ka moʻo mika - nā hanana o nā lālā, nā niho, ke kū ʻana o kahi hyoid, kahi ʻano semi-woody.
Holoholona holoholona Tupaya liʻiliʻi i ka nui a me ke kaupaona. ʻO ka nui o ka lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana tupayev ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ka kilo. ʻO ka elongated a me ka lokomaikaʻi 10-25 cm ke kino aliʻi me ka huelo lōʻihi fluffy.
ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ka tupaya huelo hulu, nona ka huelo ʻōhule, koe wale nō kahi pūlehu o ka lauoho ma ka piko. He hāiki ka waha, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka ihu. ʻO nā pepeiao pepeiao ākea ua lawa ka nui, nānā nā maka i nā ʻaoʻao. Penei ke ʻano tupaya i ke kiʻi.
Hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i nā holoholona me ka nui o nā mea loaʻa i ka ihu a me ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio e like me nā canine, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi ʻala maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka ihu a me nā maka ke kikowaena o ka manaʻo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lālā ʻelima i mua o ka hope.
Nui ka lolo e pili ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino, akā primitive. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hulu palupalu a lahilahi i ka ʻulaʻula a i ka brown brown, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hema loa o ka biotope maoli ka, ʻoi aku ka momona a me ka pouli o ke kala o ka holoholona. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa ka nui a me ka nui paha o nā kāne ʻokoʻa.
Kamaʻilio ʻo Tupai me kekahi ma o ka leo, ʻaʻala, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā poses, nā helehelena. Uwa o ka tupaya ʻino a ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi no nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Ke hōʻike nei i ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka hana o kāna pūnaewele, hāʻawi ka holoholona i nā hōʻailona nui a weluwelu e wikiwiki ana ka malihini e haʻalele i ka wā hiki ke hiki.
Ua hoʻokolohua nā Zoologists i nā iole hoʻokolohua, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi leo leo o kahi tupai huhū. Weliweli ka poʻe koʻekoʻe, hoʻāʻo e heʻe, a kūpikipikiʻi kekahi i kekahi. Nā palena o ka Teritori holoholona tupaya nā māka me ka mimi a me nā mea kikoʻī. Hūnā nā holoholona i kahi huna mai nā ʻōpū e waiho ana ma ka ʻōpū, ka puʻu, a me ka umauma.
Nā ʻano
ʻAʻole hoʻololi nā ʻano laha i ka helehelena, no ka ʻano o nā holoholona. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka nohona, ka nui. Hoʻokaʻawale nā Zoologists i kēia ʻano tupaya:
- Maʻamau
ʻO ka nui o ke kino he 18 knm, ulu kekahi mau ʻano i 22 knm. Pili ka lōʻihi o ka huelo i ke kino ma ka lakio 1: 1 me kahi hemahema liʻiliʻi. ʻOcher ka hope, ʻoliva a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO nā kaha keʻokeʻo e kāhiko i nā poʻohiwi. ʻO ke kala o ka ʻōpū mai keʻokeʻo a i ka brown brown.
Mai nā lāhui ʻē aʻe tupaya maʻamau ʻokoʻa i ka huluhulu liʻiliʻi. I ka mammal placental, ʻaʻole elongated loa ka waha. Uhi ka ʻāpana hāʻawi i ka hema a me ka hikina o ʻAsia, nā mokupuni ʻo ʻInidonesia, ke kūkulu ʻākau o India, Kina. Hoʻonui i ka manawa ma ka honua ma mua o nā kumulāʻau, e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Kūkulu nō hoʻi ʻo ia i kahi e noho ai ma laila.
- Nui
ʻO ka holoholonaʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele 20-kenimika holoholona me ka nui o ka huelo gula-ʻalani i nā mokupuni o Malaysia - Kalimantan, Borneo a me Sumatra. ʻO tupaya nui Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia e nā auricle poepoe, nā maka nunui a me ka waha. Noho ka hapa nui o nā hola ao i nā kumulāʻau.
- Mālei
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ka huelo he 12-18 cm. Kū ke ʻōpū ʻalani-ʻalani ma ke ʻano he wahi mālamalama e kūʻē i ke kua o ka hope ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ma Thailand, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia. Lahilahi ke kino, lokomaikaʻi.
Kū nā maka nui i ke poʻo. ʻŌpuʻu ʻo Malay hana i hoʻokahi paʻa i haki ʻole a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā ʻelele o nā laha e noho ana ma Singapore. Ma laila i ʻike ʻia ai ka male ʻana o nā kāne me kekahi mau wahine.
- ʻNia
Me he mea lā he tupaya maʻamau me ka mucku pōkole like. Uhi ʻokoʻa i nā pepeiao i uhi ʻia me ka hanana lauoho a me nā niho. ʻEleʻele ke kala o hope me ka hoʻohui o nā ʻano like ʻole - ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, melemele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka'ōpū - hina-melemele me kahi kumu o nā kiko kala. ʻO nā kaha māmā e hoʻonani i nā poʻohiwi. Ua piʻi ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 20 knm, ʻo ka huelo he 1 cm ka pōkole.
ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo India. Noho lākou i ka ululāʻau, ma nā pali pōhaku. I kekahi manawa hele lākou i ka poʻe, kipa i nā ʻāina mahiʻai. Tupaya ʻnia pili i nā endemics, ʻoiai ka palena o ka wahi o nā noho. Hoʻolilo ia i ka hapa nui o kona ola e neʻe ana ma nā kumu a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau i ke ao.
- Huelo-hulu
Nā ʻano ʻimi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa mai ke koena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā tupayevs i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mai 10 cm, nā pepeiao pepeiao nui, kikoʻī, kahi nohona pō. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi pouli, wīwī wīwī me kahi lauoho lauoho keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka hopena.
Hoʻokaʻawale nā lauoho i kahi ʻāpana, ma waho e like me ka hulu, no laila ka inoa - tupaya-tail. Hinahina ka huluhulu me ka hoʻohui o nā kani brown a me nā black blotches. ʻO ka huelo he 1-6 cm ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino. Noho ʻo Mamala ma ka hema o ka Peninsula Malay, Sumatra.
- Mākala
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Borneo, aia he mau lunamaka o kekahi ʻano tupaya kākaʻikahi. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e kahi poʻo poʻo ʻokoʻa no ka ʻohana tupayev. Holo nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ka pū. ʻEleʻele ke kino o luna, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, māmā ka ʻōpū.
- Pilipine
Hiki i ke kaupaona 350 g me ka lōʻihi o 20 cm. ʻO ka inoa o nā laha e ʻōlelo nui e pili ana i ka nohona. Ua koho ʻo Tupai i ka mokupuni ʻo Mindanao, kahi e noho ai kahi ʻāpana nui o ka lehulehu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, i ka hoʻohui i ke kaupaona o ke kino, he huelo pōkole ia. ʻO ka kala nui o ka hulu he momona momona, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokumu nā pepelu i ke kumu o ka papaʻai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Pili nā biotopes kūlohelohe i nā ululāʻau o ka ʻāina pāhuna, a me nā mauna, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2-3,000 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hale pale ʻo Tupaya i loko o nā lua o nā lāʻau i hina, hoʻohana lākou i nā hakahaka ma waena o nā aʻa, ʻohe puha.
Lele deftly lākou mai kekahi lālā a i kekahi lālā, holo i luna a i lalo i nā kumu lāʻau. Akā nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hola ao e ʻimi lākou i ka meaʻai i loko o ka ululāʻau ulu, uhi ʻia me nā lau hāʻule.
Noho lākou i kahi mele, i pālua a i ʻole nā hui ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Aia i kā Tupaya kā lākou mau hoʻolālā ponoʻī i ka nui o ka hectare, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻailona nā holoholona i ko lākou panalāʻau i nā manawa he nui i ka lā a kiaʻi kūpale lākou i nā malihini. Inā he hūnā honi, ʻaʻole kōkua nā hōʻailona kani, hoʻohana ʻia nā niho a me nā ʻūhā me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi. Kūleʻa ʻo Tupai, hakakā me ka ʻenemi i kekahi manawa i ka make ʻana o ka mea lanakila.
Makemake nā ʻepekema i ka ʻāpiki o ka tupaya huelo hulu i ka wai pāma i hū ʻia, a ʻoi aku paha, ka hiki ke wāwahi i ka wai ʻona i ka nui. ʻO ka lāʻau palma Bertham e ulu nei i nā mokupuni ʻo Malay e loaʻa i ka nectar i loaʻa ka ʻepika waiona, kahi a ka lehulehu e ʻike ai a hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia me nā holoholona.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā nānā ʻana o nā holoholona me ka nui o ka inu wai, ʻaʻole e nalo ka tupai i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe, akā hoʻomau i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kā lākou ala maʻamau o ke ola. E like me ka mea i puka aʻe, aia i nā holoholona kā lākou ala ponoʻī e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka waiʻona, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano o ke kino o ke kanaka.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO nā meaʻai a ka tupaya me nā pepeke, nā ʻanoʻano, nā huaʻai, nā hua, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai holoholona, e like me:
- nā moʻo;
- ʻiole, peʻa;
- rana.
He dexterous loa nā māmela i ke kaohi ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae i mua a paʻa lākou i ka nalo a i ʻole ka ʻūhini e lele ana. ʻO ka papalina o nā niho he ʻano like me ka grater, kahi mea e kōkua ai i ka ʻili paʻakikī o nā hua, ka uhi chitinous o nā ʻelala. Nānā ʻia nā butterflies, ants, larvae o tupaya ma ka honua i waena o nā lau i heleleʻi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili lāʻau. I kekahi manawa luku lākou i nā pūnana manu ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua manu a me nā moa.
I ka wā o ka huli holoholona, e pepehi i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona i kahi ʻenehana punahele - kahi kīloi wikiwiki a nahu i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. Ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, wili nā holoholona i kā lākou huelo a wili pinepine i ko lākou ihu. Noho kokoke i nā wahi kanaka, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hana lākou i nā ala i nā māla a me nā hale noho.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Mākaukau nā wahine no ka hoʻomomona hoʻomaka ʻana mai 3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā piko momona ma waena o ka mahina hope loa o ke kau a me ke kauwela mua. ʻO nā kuleana makua o ke kāne e ʻimi, hoʻonohonoho i ka "nursery". Hāpai ka wahine i 45-55 mau lā.
Mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau keiki i hānau ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui i ʻelua. ʻO nā keiki hānau hou he makapō, kuli a lauoho ʻole. Oʻo lākou mai ka hoʻomaka o ka pule ʻekolu. Hanai ka makuahine ʻo Tupaya i nā pēpē, e holo ana i ka pūnana no 5 mau minuke, i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua.
ʻAʻole maopopo ka waiū o ka makuahine ma ka nui o 10 g no ka hānai ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e neʻe nā keiki a hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā meaola. ʻO kēlā ʻano mālama ʻole i ka makua ʻaʻole ʻano maʻamau ia no nā māmela hānai, he ʻokoʻa ka tupaya.
Ke piha ka mahina o nā holoholona ʻōpio, neʻe lākou e noho i ka pūnana o ka makua. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka koke nā keiki kāne e noho kūʻokoʻa, me ka lako pono iā lākou iho me kahi hale hou, ʻoiai e noho mau ana nā wahine me ko lākou makuahine. ʻAʻole ola lōʻihi ʻo Tupai - 2-3 mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka noho pio ʻana e ola a 11 mau makahiki.
Hoʻopili nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā manu lele, nāhesa, martens. ʻAʻohe hoihoi nā holoholona i nā poʻe hahai holoholona me ka huluhulu a me ka ʻiʻo paha. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kī pū, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kanu mahiʻai. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kanaka i ka holoholona ka loli o ka hiʻona a me nā ululāʻau, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā holoholona. Ma nā ʻano 20, manaʻo ʻia he 2 ua ʻaneʻane make i ka make.
