Belttail nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi mai ke kauoha ʻana o nā moʻo. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau holoholona i kekahi manawa "Little Dinosaurs" no ko lākou kūlike i waho me kēia mau mea kolo. Loaʻa i ka ʻohana kāʻei kua he 70 mau ʻano o nā moʻo. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau moʻo i ko lākou inoa ʻano ʻole ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā pale lūlū, e like me ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka huelo o ka moʻo.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Belttail
ʻO ke kāʻei (Cordylidae) kahi holoholona chordate no ka subclass o nā mea kolo, ke kauoha squamous, ʻo ka ʻohana kāʻei. ʻO ka genus kahi kāʻei kāʻei maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻohana o kēia mau mea kolo i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka biologist Robert Mertens ma 1937.
Pili kēia ʻohana i nā ʻano e like me:
- nā huelo kāʻei (pili kēia ʻano huelo kāʻei nunui, Cordylus transvaalensis, huelo kāʻei o Campbell Cordylus microlepidotus, huelo kāʻei Rhodesian, huelo kāʻei liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui);
- platisaurus;
- hamesaurs.
Video: Belttail
ʻO ka lāhui maʻamau o kēia mau holoholona i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻano Cordylus cordylus (ka belt-tail maʻamau). ʻO nā huelo kāʻei maʻamau he mau osteoderm iwi iwi, aia ma lalo o nā unahi; i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe kēia mau papa. A ʻo kekahi mau lunamaka o Cordylus i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā moʻo ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana a he pālahalaha ke kino a me ke poʻo. Ma lalo o nā pā o kēia mau moʻo ma ke kua a me ke poʻo aia he osteodorms, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā huelo kāʻei, he hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia o kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā huelo kāʻei o ka genus Chamaesaura he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā huelo kāʻei o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He kino nahesa kēia mau moʻo, a me nā lālā he ʻelima ka manamana lima, nā ʻano o nā kāʻei kāʻei he mau koʻokoʻo lāʻau kohu wāwae wale nō.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka huelo kāʻei
ʻO nā kāʻei kāʻei maʻamau he mau moʻo liʻiliʻi mai ke poʻo a ka manamana wāwae i uhi ʻia me nā unahi nui, ma lalo o laila nā osteodorms. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi kanaka makua mai 14 a 42 cm. ʻO ke kala o nā mea kolo o kēia ʻohana he ʻeleʻele, e pili ana i ka wahi o ka mea kolo e noho ai, hiki ke kala mai ke gula a i ka pala ʻeleʻele, aia kahi ʻano ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū. lālani alo. Ma kahi o ka huelo, hana nā unahi i nā kaha e hoʻopuni ana; ʻo kekahi mau ʻano iʻa nui nā wī ma ka huelo.
Ma ka ʻōpū o ka moʻo, laumania nā skute. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kino, kipaku nā unahi i ʻelua mau pelu. He liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka moʻo, triangular, i ka iwi poʻo, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā pio kūloko a ʻōlelo ʻia ka maka parietal. Nui nā maka o ka moʻo, poepoe nā haumāna. He maka maikaʻi loa kā nā kāʻei a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā kiʻi o nā mea a me kekahi mau kala. Ma ke poʻo o ke kāʻei-huelo, hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā scutes ma symmetrically; ma lalo o lākou kekahi o nā osteod germ. Hoʻopili ʻia nā poʻo osteod germ me ka iwi poʻo, a hana i kekahi ʻano kaupaku no ka wehe manawa kū ma luna. ʻO nā niho o nā huelo kāʻei pleurodont.
Ke nalo ka niho, ma hope o ka manawa e ulu ana kahi niho hou i kona wahi, ʻoiai ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā niho hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kekahi ʻano o nā kaʻe kāʻei, ʻelima mau manamana o nā lālā, me kēlā me kēia manamana lima he māiʻu ʻoi. I nā huelo kāʻei maʻamau, hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia nā lālā, a aia wale nō nā rudiment o nā wāwae. Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā lālā, akā ikaika loa. ʻO dimorphism moekolohe i ka hapanui o nā lāhui i ka makemake i nā kāne.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka huelo kāʻei, ʻokoʻa ke ola o kēia mau holoholona. Noho nā huelo kāʻei maʻamau a nunui hoʻi i 26 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana, ola ka huelo kāʻei liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi no 6-7 mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka huelo kāʻei?
Kiʻi: Girdletail i ka wao akua
ʻO ka home o kēia mau mea kolo ka wao akua. Makemake kēia mau holoholona i nā aniau wela a maloʻo. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea kupaianaha ma ka mokupuni wela o Madagascar. A ʻo nā huelo kāʻei hoʻi i maʻa mau i nā wao akua a me nā savannas o ʻApelika. Loaʻa ma Kenya a me Tanzania. Koho ʻia nā wao akua, nā wao nahele ʻole, nā wao one a me nā pōhaku no ke ola. I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau moʻo kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale ʻApelika ma nā ʻāina wao nahele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake nā kāʻei i nā hale o nā kānaka.
Hoʻokomo ka moʻo i nā lua o nā pōhaku, i kekahi manawa ʻeli lākou i nā lua liʻiliʻi e waiho ana ma lalo o nā pōhaku. Hoʻāʻo lākou e koho i nā wahi me kahi puka hāiki i hiki ʻole i nā mea ʻino ke komo i ka hale. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi puʻu pōhaku, nā ana. I kekahi manawa piʻi ka huelo i nā mauna, hiki ke noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe i lawa, a ʻo ka nele o ka oxygen ma ke kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole ia he mea keakea i kēia mau mea ola.
Makemake nā huelo kāʻei e ʻimi i loko o nā ululāʻau o nā nāhelehele maloʻo, nā wao akua a me nā savannas, e koho ana i nā wahi i hiki ke ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka mea pio a ka moʻo e ʻimi ai. ʻO nā kāʻei kāʻei he mau mea noho aloha a noho i nā hui liʻiliʻi e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kāne nui. Hoʻonoho nā kāʻei kāʻei i ko lākou mau hale i kahi mamao iki mai kekahi i kekahi a no laila palekana kēia mau mea ola.
He aha ka ʻai o ka huelo kāʻei?
Kiʻi: Lizard Tailed Belt
ʻO nā kāʻei kāʻei he mau moʻo predatory.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o kēia mau mea kolo:
- nananana liilii;
- ilo:
- nalo;
- centipedes;
- nā kauā;
- ʻūhini;
- lele a me nā makika;
- moʻo huelo ʻawa;
- nā moʻo liʻiliʻi;
- nā koʻekoʻe a me nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi;
- huaʻai;
- mea kanu.
I ka wā ua ma ʻApelika, ʻike ʻia kahi nui o nā aneto like ʻole ma luna o lākou a hānai i ka wā puna. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, ʻimi nā mea kolo i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, ʻeli i nā ilo a me nā millipedes mai ka honua.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i nā huelo kāʻei ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka wai no ka hibernating lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, hoʻolilo ke kino i ka palena iki o ka ikehu i loaʻa iā ia mai nā waihona momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
Ma waena o nā kāʻei-kāʻei, aia kekahi mau mea kolo hānai āpau loa. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka cannibalism ma waena o nā predators. I kekahi manawa mālama ʻia nā huelo kāʻei liʻiliʻi e like me nā holoholona. Ma aneʻi pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā huelo kāʻei wale o ka laha Cordylus cataphractus hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka pio. ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe i ka pio. Ma ka home, hānai ʻia kēia mau mea kolo me nā kolo liʻiliʻi, i kāpīpī ʻia me kahi huaola a me ka pauka mineral. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea kanu hou a me nā hua ʻoki loa i kumu o nā wikamina.
Pono ʻoe e hānai i nā holoholona i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ka pule. I ka manawa like, i ka wā e hānai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā holoholona i loko o ka terrarium me kahi hakahaka o lalo, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua ʻai ʻia nā meaʻai āpau, a ʻaʻole i hūnā nā mea kolo ma hope o nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke one.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i ka huelo kāʻei. E nānā pehea e ola ai i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Huelo kāʻei kūloko
ʻO nā kāʻei kāʻei he mea kolo kolo loa i hakuloli i ke ola i ka wao akua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nohona kaiaulu i ka hihiu e noho i nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke kāne alpha ke kuleana nui i ka ʻohana. Pale ke kāne i ka ʻāina mai nā malihini a pale i nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio. ʻEleu kēia mau mea kolo i ke ao, i ka pō makemake lākou e hoʻomaha i ko lākou mau lua a me nā kahawai ma waena o nā pōhaku. I ke ao, i ka hapa nui o ka lā, loaʻa nā moʻo i kā lākou mau mea ʻimi holoholona ʻai.
Mea hoihoi: ʻIke i ka weliweli, ʻōwili ka huelo kāʻei, e nahu paʻa ana i kona huelo i kahi pōpō. No laila, pani ka moʻo i ka wahi nāwaliwali - ka ʻōpū. Ke kuhi ka moʻo i kēlā ʻano pose, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli iā ia, paʻa paʻa ʻo ia i kona huelo me kona mau niho, no ka mea, pili ke ola o ka mea kolo i kēia paʻa.
Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hūnā kekahi poʻe i nā ʻūlū ololi a kolo paha ma lalo o nā pōhaku, pili paʻa i nā pōhaku me ko lākou maiuu a hu. ʻO ia, hana kēia mau moʻo i nā mea āpau e pale aku ai i ka predator mai ka huki ʻana iā lākou i waho o ka hale. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā moʻo e noho ana i nā wahi hema ke hibernate ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke aniau a me ka nele o ka meaʻai. ʻO nā kāʻei Belt e noho ana i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika ʻaʻole hibernate i ka hibernation kau. He mālie ke ʻano o nā huelo kāʻei, he laha ʻole nā hakakā a ma waena o nā kāne makua.
Weliweli loa i ka wā o ka moena, palu kekahi o kēia mau moʻo a kamaʻilio pū me nā hōʻailona waha, e like me ke poʻo ʻana a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka huelo. Kūpono ʻole ka poʻe; ʻo nā lunamaka o nā lālani kāʻei liʻiliʻi hiki ke noho pio i loko. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻaʻole e aʻa a manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mau holoholona i nā pālua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e ʻae nā huelo kāʻei i ka mehameha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Belttail Giant
Hiki i nā huelo kāʻei ke oʻo i ke kāne i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki. He paʻakikī loa e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne mai nā wahine, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine kope i nā kāne i ke kala, a ma kekahi a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo kēia wale nō ko lākou ʻokoʻa kūwaho.
I hoʻokahi makahiki, lawe mai ka wahine i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau keiki. ʻO ka hapanui o nā huelo kāʻei he viviparous, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻano e waiho hua. ʻO ka wā moena no kēia mau mea kolo e mau ana mai ka mua o Pepeluali a i ka hopena o Malaki. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i nā wahine he 4 a 6 mau mahina (kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. Hānau ʻia ʻo Cubs i ka wā kauwela i ka hopena o ʻAukake-ʻOkakopa.
I ka wā moena, hiki i nā moʻo ke hōʻeha kekahi i kekahi. Hiki i nā kāne ke hakakā kekahi i kekahi no ka wahine a me ka ʻāina. I ka wā hānau, uhi ʻia nā moʻo liʻiliʻi me ka pūpū lahilahi, aneane aniani moakaka. ʻO ka nui o ke kāʻei hānau hou ma kahi o 4-6 cm ka lōʻihi.
Mākaukau koke nā moʻo hānau hou no ke ola kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, ʻai i ka mea like a nā mākua e ʻai ai. No kekahi manawa, noho nā keiki me ko lākou makuahine. Mālama pono ka makuahine i nā keiki mai nā makaʻi o ka hei ʻana i nā pēpē ma nā wahi āpau. ʻAʻole nānā ke kāne ma hope o nā keiki, akā pili i ka pale o ka ʻāina mai nā malihini a me nā mea ʻino. Hiki i nā moʻo makua nui ke ʻimi i nā pēpē, keu hoʻi i ka wā o ka hemahema o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ke kāʻei
Kiʻi: Lizard Tailed Belt
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā huelo kāʻei:
- nā manu lele (hawks, ʻaeto, ʻāpua, ʻūlū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe);
- ʻalopeke;
- pōpoki wao akua;
- nā cheetah a me nā lynxes;
- nahesa;
- moʻo nui.
I mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho mai nā mea hoʻomake, noho nā huelo kāʻei i nā lua liʻiliʻi i waena o nā pōhaku, a i nā kahawai ʻololī, kahi e palekana ai kēia mau holoholona, me he mea lā e hoʻāʻo kahi mea ʻino e huki i kahi moʻo mai kona wahi hoʻomalu, e pau nā hoʻāʻo ʻana āpau i ka holomua Hiki i nā kāʻei Belt ke hoʻonui i ko lākou kino, ʻoiai lākou e hopu pono i ka honua me kā lākou mau wāwae.
Inā kāhāhā ka mea ʻiʻo i ka mea kolo, a ʻaʻohe manawa e peʻe ai i ka kāʻei, huʻi kēia moʻo i loko o kahi pōpō, e pale ana i ka hapa palupalu o kona kino - ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka moʻo i kēia kūlana no kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hiki i ka predator ke hoʻohuli i ka moʻo a hiki iā ia ke kali wale. Holo ka huelo kāʻei i ka manawa kūpono mua.
Akā naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenemi nui o kēia mau mea kolo he kanaka a me kāna mau hana. ʻOiai pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no ka hapanui o kēia mau moʻo, hopu nō nā mea ʻai holoholona i nā kāʻei a kūʻai aku iā lākou ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā moʻo i hānai ʻia i ka pio. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hōʻea ʻana o ka lāhui i ko lākou wahi noho maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili i nā moʻo. I ko lākou wahi noho, kūkulu nā poʻe i nā alanui, nā ʻoihana e kipaku lākou i nā moʻo mai kā lākou wahi maʻamau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka huelo kāʻei
ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā huelo kāʻei e pono ai ka pale kūikawā. ʻO nā ʻano e like me ka Giant Belt-Tail (Smaug giganteus), East Africa Belt-tails, Cordylus rhodesianus, Cordylus tropidosternum, Cordylus coeruleopunctatus a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau moʻo i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ʻole a ʻaneʻane pau.
Lawa kēia mau mea kolo i nā ʻenemi i ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻohui, hana lohi kēia i kēia mau holoholona, lawe mai ka wahine i 1-2 cubs wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia hihia, makaʻu mau nā keiki i ka ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻānai a i nā moʻo ʻē aʻe paha.
Pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana o kēia mau holoholona a hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻokū pinepine i nā mea ʻai manu e makemake ana e loaʻa kālā mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huelo kāʻei, no ka mea, ua hōʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā huelo kāʻei nunui i mau tausani miliona no kahi kanaka makua.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ka wā mai ka makahiki 1986 a 2013, aneane hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kaukani mau huelo kāʻei i paʻa i ko lākou wahi maoli i lawe ʻia i 15 mau ʻāina a puni ka honua. Ma hope o kēia noi ʻana, hoʻolauna ʻia kahi pāpā no ka hoʻolilo ʻia ʻana o nā pangolins ma ʻApelika Hema.
Aia kekahi hihia i ke kaʻina kānāwai ʻApelika e pili ana i ke kālepa kū kānāwai ʻole i kēia mau mea kolo, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā māka genetic i mea hōʻike. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia kahi palapala ʻae e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huila i waho.
Ka pale ʻana i nā huelo kāʻei
Kiʻi: Belttail mai ka Red Book
Ma muli o ka heluna kanaka o nā laha he nui o nā kaʻe kāʻei i ko lākou mau wahi maoli, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi nui loa ia ma muli o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau holoholona e nā kānaka ma ʻApelika Hema, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi pāpā no ka hopu ʻana i nā huelo kāʻei. I kēia mau lā, makemake nui ka poʻe e loaʻa i kahi "deragona tame" i ka home, a hopu nā poacher i nā kāʻei no ke kūʻai aku.
I kēia manawa ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka kūʻai ʻana i kahi huelo kāʻei. No ka hopu ʻana i nā laha he nui o kēia mau holoholona, hāʻawi nā luna o ʻApelika Hema i ka hoʻopaʻi ma ke ʻano o ka uku a me ka manawa o ka hale paʻahao. Nui nā ʻano o nā mea kolo i helu ʻia i ka Red Book. Kapu loa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kolo. I nā wahi noho o nā kāʻei kāʻei kāhili, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nei nā mālama a me nā wahi hoʻomalu kūlohelohe. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ke kāʻei i ulu ʻia no ke kūʻai aku - nā kāʻei liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ola nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka pio.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā huelo kāʻei ma ka home ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi, akā ʻo nā huelo kāʻei liʻiliʻi i hānau ʻia i loko o ke pio ʻana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ʻia i ko lākou mau ʻona a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huelo kāʻei i ko lākou wahi maoli, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi a noho i nā kūlana kamaʻāina. No laila, i mea e mālama ai i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona nani, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana iā lākou a noho i ka nāhelehele.
Belttail kupaianaha mea ola like loa me nā deragona mai kekahi moʻolelo kaʻao. Hiki i kēia mau mea ola ke noho maluhia i nā ʻano wao nahele paʻakikī, hiki ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi a loaʻa nā ʻano pale hoihoi loa. E hoʻāʻo e mālama i kēia mau mea ola me ke akahele me ke kūlohelohe, i hiki i kā mākou poʻe mamo ke ʻoliʻoli i ka like ʻole o nā pua a me nā holoholona o ko mākou honua.
Ka lā paʻi: 18.10.2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 12:12
