Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka vicuna
Vicuna (nā inoa ʻē aʻe - vigoni, vicuni, vigon) kahi mea pili i ka ʻohana kamelo mai ka genus o llamas. Ma waho lama vicuña e like me ka guanaco a i ʻole ka alpaca, akā like wale me ke kāmelo, no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona puʻupuʻu, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui.
ʻAʻole like me ke kāmelo, aia wale nō ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma kona ʻaoʻao komohana - ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o nā Andes (i nā panalāʻau o nā mokuʻāina ʻo Chile, Peru, ʻEkuador, Bolivia a me ʻAtenitina). Noho ʻo Vicuñas ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3.5 a 5.5 mau mile, ma nā ʻano ʻano koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka holoholona he lokomaikaʻi a lahilahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mau mika, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika, a me ke kaupaona kaumaha he 50 kg. Hoʻopiʻi iki ke kapaʻahu, akā palupalu a mānoanoa hoʻi, i mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka holoholona mai ke anuanu, ka makani, ka ua a me nā wā maikaʻi ʻole ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻokoʻa loa nā alpacas, llamas, guanacos, vicuñas.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka vicuna
He holoholona holoholona ʻo Vicuña. Mālama lākou i nā hui kuʻina o 5 a 15 mau kānaka, ke kāpae ʻia i nā ʻōpio e hōʻike mau ʻia. Hoʻokele ʻia kēlā me kēia hui e hoʻokahi alakaʻi kāne. ʻIke kēlā me kēia kau i kona wahi noho.
Ke kiaʻi nei ka kāne me ka lili i kāna "ʻohana", ke neʻe nei i nā manawa āpau a hoʻāʻo e neʻe i luna o ka puʻu i mea e nānā ai i nā wahi a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona i ka manawa inā ʻike ʻo ia i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka weliweli.
ʻO kēia hana a nā holoholona he genetically maoli ia, ʻoiai he papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā kānaka ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia no nā vicunas o kēia wā. Ma waho aʻe o nā pūʻulu pūʻulu a aʻo ʻia, nā hui o nā kāne ʻōpio e loaʻa nei ka ʻike a me ka ikaika, a ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka manawa kūpono e paʻi i nā wahine mai kekahi "alakaʻi ʻohana" ʻelemakule a hoʻokumu i kā lākou pua, hele wāwae i nā mauna
Ma hope o kēlā, pale lākou i ko lākou ʻāina. A alakaʻi nā alakaʻi kahiko i lawe pio ʻia i ke ola mehameha o hermits. Alakaʻi ʻo Vicuñas i kahi nohona hana i nā hola o ke ao, a hoʻomaha i ka pō. I ke ao, vicuñas me ka lohi, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomau me kekahi i kekahi, neʻe i waena o nā kuahiwi e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, a ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, komo i loko o ka lā.
ʻOiai ke ʻano phlegmatic a me ke ʻano o kahi ʻano mālie (hele kokoke nā holoholona i nā kānaka a me nā wahi noho, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa he nui kiʻi o vicuna), capricious lākou i ka lawena.
I ka wā pio, hōʻole pinepine lākou i ka inu a ʻai ʻole, ʻaʻole launa maikaʻi me kahi kanaka. ʻO kēia ke kumu no nā kenekulia he nui i hana ʻole ʻia ai kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei nō.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe - Puna - kahi e noho ai kēia mau artiodactyls, he pā wehe, puhi ʻia e nā makani a pau. ʻOiai ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ka wai a me ka nele mau o ka oxygen i ka ea mauna lahilahi, ua hoʻololi pono nā vicuñas i kēlā ʻano.
No laila, ʻaʻohe waiwai ka meaʻai, no nā kumu maopopo. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu a pau i hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka mauna. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona physiological o kēia mau artiodactyls ka niho incisor haʻahaʻa, e ulu mau nei i loko o ko lākou ola, e like me nā rodents.
No nā artiodactyls, ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia. No laila, pono wale ka meaʻai wīwī no ka vicuñas e wili ai i kahi papa keu o nā niho hou. ʻOi loa kēia mau incisors lalo, no laila ʻokiʻoki nā vicuñas i nā lau, nā lālā, a me nā wana a me ka nau pono ʻana.
ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia ka mole o nā mea kanu vicuna, akā inā lākou e ʻike i nā mānoanoa o nā cereala ʻāhiu e hele ana, a laila he ʻahaʻaina maoli kēia no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Makemake lākou e hoʻouka i nā kahua moʻomeheu i mahi ʻia e ke kanaka, akā laki no nā kānaka, ʻaʻole makemake nā artiodactyls mauna e iho haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I kēia mau lā (a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20), ʻo ke kanaka ka ʻenemi nui o kēia holoholona, akā ʻoiai ʻo ka vicuñas i hele mai ma lalo o ka pale o ka Red Book a me ke aupuni, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ko lākou manaolana ola. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā vicuñas a hiki i ka makahiki 15-20.
Vicuna — holoholona manuahi, akā i kēia mau lā e hoʻāʻo nei lākou e lawelawe iā ia, ʻoiai ʻoiai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua kipaku ʻia lākou i nā wahi paʻa i ka pā no ka ʻoki lauoho a me nā loiloi lāʻau.
Ma hope o nā kaʻina hana āpau, hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā holoholona i hopu ʻia, māhele ʻia i loko o nā pūʻā a holoholo ma waena o nā kuahiwi a hiki i ka "ʻākoakoa" hou ʻana. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā holoholona no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake e hānau i ka pio.
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena no nā vicunas i ka puna. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine he 11 mau mahina. ʻOiai ʻo kēlā me kēia wahine i ka makahiki momona e hānau keiki kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, he maʻalahi ke helu ʻana i kēlā me kēia kau male ʻana nāna e hele maoli mai i loko o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Hānai nā keiki i ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka piha ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki, a laila noho i loko o ka pā no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelua paha mau makahiki, a laila hele aku no ka "ʻauʻau manuahi" ʻana me nā kāne ʻōpio ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ko lākou wahi i ke ola.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai huluhulu Vicuna
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hulu hipa ʻo vicunas ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā mea kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ka hulu hipa pipiʻi loa o ka honua. ʻO ka rarity a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e wehewehe ʻia e nā ʻano kūikawā o ka hulu hipa a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka nui o nā vicuna i kēia lā, ma hope o nā kenekulia o ka luku ʻia e nā pua o nā naʻi aupuni, nā helu wale nō ma kahi o 200 tausani mau kānaka.
Palupalu a mehana loa ke kapa o Vicuna
He palupalu a hoʻomehana loa ke kapa. Huluhulu Vicuna komo pū me nā olonā lahilahi a lahilahi. ʻO kēia nā olonā hulu hipa kūlohelohe maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke olonā ke 30-50 mm (ulu ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū).
Ka maikaʻi kaulike (ʻo kēia ka inoa o ke anawaena o ka lauoho) huluhulu vicuña - 10-15 microns, a me nā fibre downy (undercoat) a hiki i ka fineness o 6-8 microns wale nō. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka hulu alpaca 22-27 microns, yak - 19-21 microns, a me kashmir 15-19 microns. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hulu chinchilla kahi haʻahaʻa hoʻi.
ʻOhi ka hapanui o ka huluhulu vicuña a hana ʻia ma Peru (ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka nui o ka nui), a ma Bolivia, Argentina a me Chile. Liʻiliʻi nā puke.
Wahi a nā lula, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia holoholona makua ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 400-500 karamu o ka hulu hipa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kēlā me kēia vicuna. Kumukūʻai hiki i ka huluhulu hoʻonoho lima i $ 1000 no kilogram.
ʻO kahi kiʻi vicuna cub
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka mika o ka lole huluhulu e kaupaona ana i 300 gram i hōʻea i $ 3000 (ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o 200,000 rubles no ka poʻe i puhi ʻia me ka makemake no kahi huahana i hana ʻia. vicuna kūʻai). He $ 20,000 ke kumu kūʻai o ka lole kāne kāne maikaʻi, a he $ 1200 ke kumu kūʻai o nā kākini.
nolaila kapa vicuna ʻo ia ka loaʻa pipiʻi loa loa i manaʻo ʻia (ʻokoʻa ka waiwai. I kēia hihia, e hana ʻia ka hulu no kēlā kapa huluhulu e ka lima, ʻoiai pāpā ʻia ka pepehi ʻana i kēia mau holoholona laha ʻole, a e hoʻopuka ʻia ka ʻili huluhulu mai ka huluhulu.
Hiki i ka huluhulu Vicuna hulu ke ʻike ʻia ke aka o ke kinamona, mai ka pouli a i ka mālamalama (ʻo ka hope o ka holoholona he brown brown ia, a ma ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao he māmā ia), no ka papa inoa o nā waiwai kūikawā, ʻaʻole i pena ʻia. ʻO ke kala o ke kinamona kekahi ʻano kāleka kipa o ka huluhulu vicuña.
