ʻO nā sila he holoholona e like me ka sila me ke kino kāloli, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā lālā i lilo i flip, mahalo i ka ʻau ʻana o nā sila a luʻu maikaʻi. ʻO nā sila āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea wai kai, nā mea ola i ola ma ka Honua mai ka hopena o ke kau kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike o ka sila
No ka ʻohana o nā sila maoli nā sila... Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, hiki ke noho i loko o ka paʻakai a me ka wai hou o nā ʻāpana arctic, subarctic a i ʻole temperate. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻekolu ʻano sila: ʻo ka moana he ʻelua o lākou, a ʻo kekahi he wai hou.
Helehelena
ʻO ke kino o ka sila e like me ka manamana, e ʻae ai i ka holoholona e heʻe maʻalahi i ka wai. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha, hiki i ka nui o ke sila ke hiki i 170 knm, a kaupaona ia mai 50 a 130 kg. Hōʻike palupalu ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka sila, i kekahi manawa aia paha ʻaʻole ia ma laila, a lilo ke kino i wahi liʻiliʻi, poʻo me kahi iwi poʻo pālahalaha, e huli mālie i kahi pūwī elongated. Ma ka laulaha, ʻano like ke poʻo o ke sila me ka pōpoki, koe wale no ka ʻoi aku o ka lōʻihi o kona waha. ʻAʻohe nā pepeiao o ka sila, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā aʻa hoʻolohe, nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka helehelena.
ʻO nā maka o kēia holoholona he nui, ʻeleʻele a hōʻike loa. Nui ka maka o nā ʻāpana sila: nunui a ʻeleʻele hoʻi lākou, ʻano ʻokoʻa ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kua o ka huluhulu māmā a hāʻawi i ke sila liʻiliʻi i like me ka pueo a i kekahi mea ʻē. Mahalo i ke kolu o ka maka o nā sila, hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau a luʻu hoʻi me ka makaʻu ʻole e hōʻino i ko lākou mau maka. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lewa ākea, pili ka maka o ka sila i ka wai, kahi e hōʻike ai ke uē nei ka holoholona.
Aia kekahi papa momona nui i loko o ke kino o ka sila, nāna e kōkua i kēia holoholona e ola i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ke ani anuanu a ʻaʻole i paʻa i ka wai hau. Hiki i nā mālama momona like ke kōkua i ke sila e ola i ka hana pōloli pōkole i ka wā pōloli, a mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ka holoholona ke moe no nā hola a ke hiamoe nei hoʻi ma luna o ka wai. ʻO kaʻili o ka sila ke paʻa loa a ikaika. Uhi ʻia me ka lauoho pokole, lahilahi a ʻoʻoleʻa, kahi mea pale aku i ka holoholona mai hypothermia i loko o ka wai anuanu a ma ka hau a i ʻole ke kahakai.
Ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o kēia mau holoholona he mau membrane, a ma nā palule o mua, a eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau māiʻuʻu mana, mahalo ʻia e hana ai ka sila i nā puka o ka hau i mea e hele ai i ka ʻāina a i ʻole e piʻi i luna o ka wai no kahi hanu o ka ea hou. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, ke kala o ka hulu o ka sila hiki ke kālā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole brownish, ʻoiai uhi pinepine ʻia me nā kiko ʻeleʻele.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ke sila apo, ua kapa ʻia ia inoa no ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ke kala, kahi i loaʻa i nā apo kukui ma kona ʻili kahi palena pouli.
Hana, nohona nohona
Noho ka sila i ka hapa nui o kona ola i ka wai. Manaʻo ʻia kēia holoholona he ʻauʻau kaiā: hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kino kālī a me kona poʻo stream stream liʻiliʻi, luʻu maikaʻi ʻo ia a hiki ke hoʻolilo i 70 mau minuke i lalo o ka wai, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. I ka luʻu ʻana, pani ʻia nā aʻa hoʻolohe a me nā puka ihu o nā holoholona, no laila ma lalo o ka wai e hiki ai iā ia ke hanu wale nō mahalo i ka nui o kona ake māmā a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka ea e pili pono iā lākou.
I ka manawa pinepine, hiamoe kēia mau holoholona i ka papa o ka wai, a he mea kupaianaha loa kā lākou hiamoe: ʻo ka mea i ʻauʻau i nā sila hiamoe, hoʻohuli iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou i noʻonoʻo e ala aʻe. Hoʻolilo ka sila i ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka wai, piʻi wale wale i ka papa o ka wai i mea e hanu hou ai ka ea hou. Ma ka hau a ma ka ʻāina paha, hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e hele kokoke i ka hoʻomaka o ka puna, ke hoʻomaka ka wā hānau.
Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano he rula, he mau wahi punahele kā nā sila i nā rookeries, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai lākou i mea e hoʻomau ai i ko lākou heihei. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ʻike a lohe pono hoʻi, a he ʻala maikaʻi loa kā lākou. Nui lākou akahele i ka ala ʻana, no laila ke kokoke nei i ke sila i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi. Keʻike nei i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o kahi malihini, ʻo ke sila koke, me ka ʻole o ka pīpī iki, hele i loko o ka wai, mai kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke kiaʻi i ka ʻenemi i manaʻo ʻia me ka hoihoi no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO nā sila wale ma ka honua hiki ke ʻike ʻia he clumsy a clumsy nā mea ola. I ka wai naʻe, ʻeleu lākou, ikaika a aneane luhi. Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ke sila 25 km / h, ʻoiai i kahi ʻano mālie e holo mālie kēia mau holoholona. Ma ke kahakai, neʻe nā sila me ke kōkua o kā lākou pale a mua a me ka huelo, e manamana nei iā lākou. I ka hanana o kahi pilikia, hoʻomaka lākou e lele, me ka pā nui ʻana i ka hau a i ʻole ka honua me kā lākou mau peʻa mua a hoʻokuke aku i ka ʻili paʻakikī me kā lākou huelo.
ʻO nā sila kai o nā latitude anuanu, ʻokoʻa i nā sila wai hou, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau, makemake e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka hau a ma ke kahakai, ʻaʻole i loko o ka wai, kahi e luʻu wale ai lākou inā pilikia a i ʻole e kiʻi i ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā sila āpau he holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kaʻawale ka hapanui. I ka wā hānau wale nō lākou e ʻohiʻohi ai i nā holoholona. Akā nō naʻe, hoʻāʻo kēlā me kēia sila e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻokuke aku i kona ʻohana me ka huhū huhū.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka sila
I nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ke sila ke ola i 60 mau makahiki... I kona ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ola nui kēia holoholona: ʻo ka awelika o kona ola ʻana he 8-9 makahiki. Loaʻa ka hapalua o ka heluna o nā sila i nā kānaka nona ka makahiki ma ka awelika 5 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka ulu ʻana o ke sila a 20 mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa he nui nā holoholona i make no nā ʻano kumu me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa e ulu ai i ka liʻiliʻi.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Ma waho, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻike o ka ʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā nui ʻē aʻe i ka nui. Eia kekahi, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine o ka sila Baikal ma mua o nā kāne, a laila i ka sila Caspian, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne.
Nā ʻano o nā sila
ʻEkolu ʻano o nā sila:
- Kau ʻia, ka mea e noho ana i ka wai mehana o ka moana Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika a me ka Moana Arctic, a ma Rūsia aia ia ma nā kai ʻākau a pau, a ma nā kai ʻo Okhotsk a me Bering.
- Caspianhopena i ke kai Caspian.
- Baikal, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, koe wale no Lake Baikal.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano ʻekolu a pau i ke kala a, i kekahi ʻāpana, i ka nui: ʻo ka sila Caspian ka liʻiliʻi loa o lākou, aia ma kahi o 1.3 mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 86 kg.
Hoihoi ia! Hōʻike kekahi mau ʻepekema e pili ana nā ʻano sila āpau i kekahi me kekahi e kahi kumu maʻamau, ʻoiai, ua kapa ʻia ka sila sila ka kūpuna o ka lāhui Caspian a me Baikal, i neʻe aku i Baikal a me ka Caspian ma kahi o ʻelua miliona mau makahiki i hala a laila ua loli i ʻelua mau ʻano hou.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i nā sila a me nā sila Baikal he kūpuna maʻamau, i kū ma hope o ka Caspian species of the seal.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Sila sila
Noho nui nā ʻāpana ʻehā o kēia sila i nā wahi polar a subpolar paha.
- Belomorskaya Noho ke sila i ka Arctic a ʻo ka sila nui ia ma ka Moana Arctic.
- Baletika Noho ke sila i nā wai anuanu o nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Baletika, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kahakai o Kuekene, Pinilana, Estonia a me Lūkia. I kekahi manawa ʻauʻau kēia holoholona i ke kahakai o Kelemania.
- ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe o ka sila wili ʻia Ladoga a saimaa, he wai hou a noho i Lake Ladoga a me Lake Saimaa.
Sila Caspian
ʻIke ʻia ia ma kahakai a ma nā mokupuni pōhaku o ke kai Caspian, i ka hoʻoilo hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻauheʻe hau e neʻe ana. I ke kau mahana, hiki ke ʻauʻau i ka waha o ka Volga a me ka Urals.
Sila Baikal
Makemake ʻo ia e noho ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau a waena o Lake Baikal... Hoʻohana ʻia nā mokupuni ʻo Ushkany ma ke ʻano he rookery punahele, kahi i Iune hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka nui o nā sila.
ʻO nā sila, kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou laha, noho i loko o ka wai hou a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai o nā loko a me nā kai, makemake i kēlā mau wahi i nā latit anu. I ke kau hoʻoilo, hoʻolilo ka poʻe holoholona i ka manawa i loko o ka wai, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna e neʻe kokoke lākou i ke kahakai a i ʻole hele i ka ʻāina, e like me nā sila a Baltic a me Caspian.
Meaʻai sila
Aia i ka laha a me ka nohona, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hānai i nā iʻa like ʻole a i ʻole invertebrates.
- Kau ʻia hānai nā sila i nā crustacean - nā mokuʻāina a me nā ʻōpae, a me nā iʻa hoʻi: ʻO ka cod Art, herring, smelt, whitefish, perches, gobies.
- Caspian ʻAi nā sila i nā iʻa a me nā crustacean e noho nei i ke kai Caspian. Makemake nui lākou e ʻai i ka hānai liʻiliʻi a sprat - ʻo kēia ʻano iʻa ka hapa nui o kā lākou papaʻai. Liʻiliʻi ka mahele o nā crustacea - ma kahi o 1% o ka nui o nā meaʻai.
- Baikal hānai nā sila i nā iʻa waena nui ʻole ʻoihana: ʻo ka nui ʻo golomyanka a i ʻole nā gobies.
Hoihoi ia! Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā sila Baikal ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lehulehu o ka poʻe iʻa keʻokeʻo, akā, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope, ua ʻike wale lākou iā lākou ma ka manawa āpau a ʻo ka nui o nā iʻa paʻa paʻa i kaʻai o ka sila i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1-2%.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha a me ka moekolohe, hiki i nā sila ke kū i ka moekolohe ma 3-7 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne makua ma mua o nā wahine. Lawe kēia mau holoholona i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i ʻole 2-3 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau mua. Hana ʻia ʻaʻole hana kekahi pākēneka o nā wahine i nā keiki ma hope o ka male ʻana. Ma ke ʻano he 10-20% o nā wepa Baikal e ʻeha i kēlā "pimples" i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻole maopopo nā kumu o kēia: inā no ka hoʻoponopono kūlohelohe o ka pae o ka nui o nā holoholona, a i ʻole ʻaʻole nā wahine āpau i kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā embryos e hoʻomau hou iā ia ma hope o kekahi manawa. Hiki paha ke pili i kēia hanana me kekahi mau maʻi i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka nohona wahine a maikaʻi ʻole paha.
Hoʻohui pinepine nā sila i ka wā puna, a laila hala ka manawa hānau ma 9-11 mau mahina. Hānau ka wahine i ka hau, i kēia manawa ʻo lākou a me kā lākou keiki hānau hou he palupalu loa lākou i nā mea ʻaihue a me nā poʻe hahai holoholona. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hānau nā sila i hoʻokahi, akā i kekahi manawa ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau keiki, a ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā pēpē i ke kala o ka poʻe mākua: ʻo kahi laʻana, hānau ʻia nā keiki o ka sila Baikal i keʻokeʻo, kahi i hele mai ai ko lākou inoa - nā sila.
I ka manawa mua, hānai ka makuahine i ka pēpē me ka waiū, a ma hope o ka lawe iki ʻia o ka cub i kahi papaʻai makua e pili ana i ka iʻa a me nā invertebrates. I ka manawa e hana ai kēia, loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e molt loa a hoʻololi i ke kala o ka hulu i ka mea i loaʻa i nā mākua. ʻOiai ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, kūkulu nā sila Baikal i nā lua kūikawā mai ka hau, kahi e hānai ai lākou i nā keiki me ka waiū no hoʻokahi mahina a hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau a me nā kūlana wela, hiki ke hala ka lactation mai 2 a i 3.5 mau mahina.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka sila wale nō ka holoholona e ʻike pehea e kālele wale ai a hoʻomaka hou i ka ulu intrauterine o kāna mau keiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka pinepine e hana kēia i ka wā anuanu a anuanu hoʻi, ke hiki ʻole i nā pēpē hānau i ka manawa ke ola.
ʻAʻole kuleana nā kāne i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana o nā wahine i nā pēpē a hiki i ko lākou aʻo ʻana e noho kūʻokoʻa. Ma hope o ka ukuhi ʻia ʻana o nā keiki mai ka makuahine, hiki i ka sila wahine ke hoʻopili hou, akā i kekahi manawa ua hiki mai ka wā hānau nona ma mua: ke ʻai mau nei ka cub mua i ka waiū.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia kēlā Sila Baikal ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe i ke kūlohelohe: ʻo ke kāne wale nō ke weliweli iā ia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pinepine, akā hiki ke alualu ʻia kēia mau holoholona e kahi bear brown. ʻO nā cubs o nā sila, i hūnā hilinaʻi ʻia ma loko o ka lua, i ka nele o kahi makuahine i hoʻomaha i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke lilo i ʻaihue, ʻāpala a i ʻole nā ʻaeto keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Loaʻa sila silae noho nei i ka hau o ka Arctic, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenemi. ʻO nā sila ia ka ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai o nā bear polar, a ʻo nā ʻalopeka polar a me nā ʻolokeʻo nui e ʻimi i kā lākou mau keiki. I loko o ka wai, weliweli nā kohola kohola a me nā manō polar Greenland i nā sila i kani ʻia. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā walrus ke alualu iā lākou.
No ka mea Sila Caspianpilikia ʻo ka ʻaeto i nā holoholona ʻōpio. I ka wā ma mua, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka make nui o nā sila Caspian i lilo i pio o nā ʻīlio hae.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau ʻano sila - Baikal a me ke kani, no nā ʻano ulu ulu pono a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana Least Concern. Akā ʻaʻole ka laki o ka sila Caspian: ma muli o nā hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka, e alakaʻi ana i ka haumia o ka Caspian, aia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make. A ʻoiai i kēia manawa ke hana ʻia nei nā hana āpau e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu mua o nā sila Caspian, ke emi mau nei kā lākou helu mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki.
ʻO nā sila ka mea lawaiʻa waiwai nui, akā ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi hope loa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona. A ʻoiai i kēia manawa ke hana ʻia nei nā mea āpau e pale aku ai i ka nalowale ʻana o nā sila, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi o kā lākou laha me ka luku loa ʻia. I kēia manawa, he holoholona kupaianaha nā sila. He ʻano ola a hoihoi ko lākou a maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, makemake lākou e ʻauʻau i nā moku ʻauheʻe a hāhai iā lākou.... ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia nā makahiki o nā sila e nā apo makahiki ma kā lākou canine a me nā māiʻuʻu. A ʻo kēia ko lākou hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ʻano o kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka honua.
