Liona ant He pepeke i kapa ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano predatory o kāna larva, nāna i hopu i nā naonao a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe i nā lua i eli ʻia i ka lepo. Loaʻa nā liona ant ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ka hapa nui i nā wahi maloʻo, one. ʻO lākou nā mea kolo nunui a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi mai kekahi mau castes like ʻole, me kahi hierarchy like loa me nā naonao.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: liona Ant
ʻO nā liona ant ka hui o nā ʻelala i ke kauoha Retinoptera. Ma loko o kēia kauoha, hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia lākou i loko o ka ʻohana liona Ant, ʻo ia ka hua Helene mai myrmex, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ant, a me ka leon, ʻo ia hoʻi ka liona.
Video: liona ant
ʻ speakinglelo loea, ka huaʻōlelo "liona ant" e pili ana i ka wā oʻo a i ʻole larval o nā lālā o kēia ʻohana. ʻO ka liona liona ant he mea kino, ʻoiai ke keiki makua e hānai i ka nectar a me ka pollen. ʻO nā larva he predator voracious o nā ants a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi e komo i nā lua conical i kūkulu ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia nā liona liona ant he scribbles. Kuhi kēia inoa kapakapa i nā ala wili i lawe ʻia e nā ʻōpili ʻōpio i ke one, e ʻimi ana i kahi kūpono e kūkulu ai i ko lākou home larval. ʻO ke kapakahi ke nānā aku me he mea lā e moe ana i ke one. ʻO ka hale grub i ke one kahi pahele kolo hou i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka lua.
Aia nā liona liona ant ma waena o nā mea ʻenekia ʻenemi hoihoi loa. Loaʻa lākou ma ka moku ʻo Galveston-Houston, akā ʻaʻole i ka nui. ʻOi aku ka liona o nā liona ant ma nā wahi me nā lepo one.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma nā wahi like ʻole.:
- Piney Woods (East Texas);
- Ka ʻāina ʻo Hill (Texas waena);
- ma kahi o ke kai waena o ke Kai Kūʻono o Texas.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ka liona ant?
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia kahi liona ant ant e kāna antennae lōʻihi. He pailota ʻilihune ʻo ia, e lele ana i ka lewa o ka pō e ʻimi ai i mea kōkua. ʻAʻole hānai ka makua i nā keiki a he ola pōkole kona o 20-25 mau lā a ʻoi paha (a hiki i 45 mau lā). E like me nā holoholona āpau, me ka ʻole o ka moʻo nui, e nalowale mau nā genes o kēia ʻano kamahaʻo. Hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana kupaianaha o kona pōʻaiapuni ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o ka wahine hāpai i kāna mau hua i ke one, a ma hope o ka hū ʻana o nā ʻūhū mai nā hua.
He mea makaʻu ka liona liona ant, a he pūʻiwa nui e like me nā ʻāhiwi e like me ka maka o ka pūlima liona (i kapa ʻia he mau ā) me ka nui o nā protuberance hollow. He hana ʻoki a hānai hoʻi nā Mandibles. I ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio, hoʻopili ka larva iā ia me ka lāʻau make i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka nahu mua.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā enzyme digestive e hoʻopau i nā aʻa o loko o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a laila omo ka larva i nā wai momona. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea liquefied o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, huki wale ka liona liona ant i kahi kupapaʻu ola ʻole i hoʻokahe ʻia mai ka lua. Kūkulu hou ʻo ia i ka lua no ka mea i hōʻeha ʻole ʻia aʻe.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka mea pio, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia iho, no ka mea ua uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka umauma ʻoʻoleʻa, kahi mea e kōkua ai i ka heleuma i ke one, ʻoiai ke kūʻē nei i nā hana a ka mea e holo ana. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kuhikuhi ʻia nā bristles i mua, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka leverage hou e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ko lākou kino i ka hakakā ikaika o kāna mea pio. Hoʻomohala piha ʻia, hiki i nā liona liona ant i hānai maikaʻi ʻia ke ulu aʻe a 1.2 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO 4 cm ka lōʻihi o kahi makua.
Ma hea ka liona ant e noho ai?
Kiʻi: Liona ant ma Lūkia
Loaʻa nā liona ant ma nā wahi kau palena ma ka moku ʻo Galveston-Houston. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi o Texas me ka lepo one. ʻO ka liona ant kekahi o nā mea pouli e noho ana ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. He pepeke liʻiliʻi kupaianaha kēia i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka nahelehele.
ʻOiai lākou e noho nei i kahi honua hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, pinepine i nā wahi haunaele, nā kūlanakauhale, he mau haku lākou o ke ola i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. Inā luku ʻia kā lākou mau lua e like me nā lua pele i ke one e ka makani, ka ua, nā holoholona, a i ʻole nā kaʻa huila ʻelua, ʻekolu, a ʻehā paha, kūkulu wale lākou iā lākou a kali mālie no kā lākou mea e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia akamai a hoʻomanawanui ʻole hoʻi e wehewehe i ke ola ʻana o nā liona ant no nā kenekulia he lehulehu.
Ke hoʻohana nei nā liona liona ant i kēia ʻano hana no ka hopu ʻana i nā pio no nā makahiki he miliona me ka hoʻololi iki a ʻaʻohe paha. E like me nā mea kupaianaha ʻē aʻe, hoʻolālā ʻia ko lākou ʻano instinctive, ʻike maoli ʻia kēlā me kēia hanauna hou pehea e hana ai i nā hana me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia me ka nani a me ka nani o ka noʻeau.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka liona ant. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka liona ant e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: liona Ant i ke one
Hoʻohālike ʻia nā lua liona ant me he cone huli kua. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou i nā wahi maloʻo, pale ʻia mai ka makani ikaika a me ka mālamalama o ka lā. Kūkulu pinepine nā lua ma lalo o ka hale o waho, ma lalo o nā hale i kākoʻo ʻia, a pēlā aku. A me ke anawaena he 2.5 a 5 cm a me ka hohonu like. Hūnā kekahi mau liona liona ma lalo o nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau a hoʻouka i nā kolo hala.
Ke kali nei ka liona liona ant ma ka lalo o kāna lua no kahi nū a i ʻole nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe e heʻe ai i ke one hoʻokuʻu a hāʻule. Hāʻule ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i waenakonu o ka lua a hoʻomaka ka manawa hānai o ka liona ant.
E hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻo Prey e piʻi i nā paia pali kūlou. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo nui e hōʻalo i nā kūlana ʻaʻole i kūleʻa. Hoʻonawaliwali koke ka liona liona ant i nā hoʻāʻo e pakele ai ma ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i nā kahawai one momona, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki hou ai i ka paia o ka lua a laila huki i ka mea pio i lalo.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lua Pit e like me ke anawaena, ka pali, a me ka hohonu e pili ana i ka kūleʻa i ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio. ʻO ka hopu kūleʻa a me ka ʻai ʻana o ka mea pio i ka hopena o ka hopu pio ʻana (collision) a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka likelika e pakele ka mea i loaʻa. Pono e loaʻa i kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua nā hopena koho no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hei. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke anawaena o ka hei e hoʻonui ai i ka likelike o nā hālāwai, ʻoiai nā pali ʻoi aʻe a me nā hohonu hohonu e hoʻonui ai i ka likelike o ka mālama ʻana i ka mea pio.
ʻAi nui ka larvae i nā naonao a me nā ʻelala liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i komo i ka lua me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nananana liʻiliʻi. ʻAi nā antlion makua i ka nectar a me ka pollen.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻenekia liona ʻenemi
Kūlana nui ʻia nā anliona no kā lākou mau pahele akamai a me kā lākou ala akamai e hoʻopuka ai i ka mea pio ma o ka hana ʻana i nā pae ʻāina liʻiliʻi. Pono ka hopena o kā lākou mau pahele no ka mea ʻo ka ʻai o ka nīnū he nui nā mea kolo a ua puni ia no nā makahiki he mau miliona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I loko o ka makahiki o ke ola, ʻohiʻohi ka larva i nā haneli haneli a paʻa i nā mea kolo. Eia naʻe, ke kūpono ka manawa, ʻike maopopo ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi cocoon pale ma lalo o ke one, kahi e hele a loli ai i chrysalis a lilo i kanaka makua ʻēheu. ʻO ka cocoon one, me nā aniani kilohi o ka quartz, mica a me feldspar, kahi hana noʻeau maoli.
Ke hoʻomaka ka larva e ʻeli i kahi lua hou, neʻe mālie ʻo ia i kahi pōʻai, hoʻoluliluli ke one mai ka lua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona mau ʻiʻo a me nā wāwae waena, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ana i kona mau wāwae hope e ʻeli i ke one.
Hele a hohonu ka hohonu o ka lua a hiki i ke kihi o ka piʻina e hōʻea i ka ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaha ʻana (ʻo ia ka kihi ʻoi loa e hiki ai i ke one ke kū, kahi ma kahi o ka hāʻule ʻana mai kahi hoʻopā iki ʻana). Ke piha ka lua, noho ka larva ma lalo, kanu ʻia i ka lepo, a kū ka iwi ā wale i luna o ka ʻili.
Ke hele auwana me ka ʻike ʻole o ka naʻau ant i loko o ka lua a hoʻāʻo e pakele, kīkē ka liona ant i ka mea pio me ke one. I ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one hoʻokuʻu mai lalo o ka lua, hoʻohaʻahaʻa pū ka larva i nā kihi o ka lua, e hāʻule a lawe i ka mea pio me lākou. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea pili inā hoʻopili ka larva i ka mea pio me nā ua one. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, no ka mea a ka naonao e hana ai, make ia e hoʻi hou i nā auwaha o ka make.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: liona Ant
Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau mea kolo i ka metamorphosis piha me nā kaʻina aʻe:
- hua moa;
- larva;
- pēpē;
- makua makua.
ʻO ka larva kahi mea grotesque, mea ʻēheu ʻole me nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi, e like me ka pahi. Kū pinepine ka pupation i loko o kahi cocoon silky, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka silika mai nā salivary glands i hoʻololi ʻia, e like me ka hapa nui o nā kolo, akā hana ʻia e nā tubule malpighian a huli i ka piko.
Pipi liona liona ant i ka lepo. Ua like nā mākua me nā dragonflies a me nā nani, koe wale ka pelu liona e pelu ana i kona mau ʻeheu e like me ka hale lole i ka wā hoʻomaha. Ma hope, hiki i ka larva i ka nui o ka nui a hele i kahi metamorphosis, i ka manawa e lilo i makua makua ʻēheu.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa mai ka hua manu a i ka makua hiki ke hala i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia pōʻai lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka maopopo ʻole a me ke ʻano kūpono ʻole o nā lako meaʻai. I ka manawa e pā mua ai, loea ka larva liʻiliʻi i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi loa, akā i ka nui ʻana, hana ia i mau lua nui a hopu i nā mea pio nui aku.
Ke ulu piha, kūkulu ka larva i ka cocoon spherical o nā hua o ke one i sima ʻia me ka siliki. ʻO nā cocoons maʻamau ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ke ʻano like a me ke ʻano me nā kulu lāpaki nui, a hiki ke kanu ʻia i kekahi mau kenimika hohonu i ke one. ʻO ke ala a ka larva e hana ai i kēia ma lalo o ke one me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā one o loko o ka cocoon he mea kupaianaha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia nā mākua i ka nahelehele no ka mea nui lākou i ka hana i ke ahiahi. Hoʻomaha nā liona ant i ke ao, hele mau ʻole lākou a kāmoe maikaʻi ʻia me nā ʻeheu aniani a me nā kino ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka dragonflies, ʻike maka ʻia nā antennae o ka liona ant makua makua a ma ka hopena he ʻano kinipōpō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā liona ant
Kiʻi: He aha ka liona ant?
ʻAʻole manuahi ka larva liona ant mai nā mea ʻino, a ma ka liʻiliʻi mai nā parasites. Aia kahi ʻōpelu parasite, ʻo Lasiochalcida pubescens, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kona mau paws ikaika e hoʻopaʻa i nā auwae o ka liona liona ant a hoʻomoe i nā hua manu ma ka larva. ʻAʻole wale ia ka nalo parasitoid e parasitize ai i nā liona ant. Hiki i nā larvae o ka Australia lio, ʻo Scaptia muscula, ke ʻaihue i nā mea pio mai nā lua liona ant, kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia ʻo kleptoparasitism.
Hiki i ka fungus ke ulu ma nā kino o nā liona ant. ʻO kēia mushroom, i kapa ʻia ʻo Cordyceps japonensis Hara, hoʻopuka i nā spores e pili i nā kino o nā antlion nāwaliwali a ulu, e lawe ana i nā meaʻai āpau mai nā pūʻali antlion i loko o nā momona. Hoʻonawaliwali iki ka liona ant ant, a i ka manawa e lilo ai nā fungi parasite i mau momona, ua make nā liona ant ant.
No nā mea i koe, nā liona ant iā lākou iho he mau mea ʻaihue ʻole i hiki ʻole ke hahau i kahi mea pio me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i kahi manawa iki e ola ai. Aia kekahi mau liona liona ant i hana ʻole i kēia mau lua, e like me Dendroleon pantherinus. Noho lākou i nā ʻoki a me nā māwae o nā kumu lāʻau e kanu i kā lākou mea pio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Liona liona ant
Aia nā liona ant ma kahi o 600 mau ʻano i hōʻike ʻia. ʻElua mau genera maʻamau i ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka liona ant ant a me nā brachynemurus. E like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā liona ant mo nā ahi a me nā ahi ahi, keu hoʻi i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule. He ʻelua pālua ko lākou o nā ʻēheu lōʻihi a ololi me nā aʻa he nui a me kahi ʻōpū lōʻihi a lahilahi. ʻOiai ʻano like lākou me nā dragonflies liʻiliʻi a pili ʻole i kapa ʻia he nani, no lākou nā ʻoka ʻokoʻa loa. Aia nā liona ant ma ke kūlana palekana ʻole.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana, ke kūlana a me ke kaiaola o nā liona ant ma Sandlings ma 1997. Lawe ʻia ka nānā ʻana ma nā pūnaewele e nānā i ke ʻano o nā laha a nānā i nā loli i nā wahi o kēia manawa ma muli o ka hopena o nā mea kanu a luku paha e nā holoholona a kānaka paha. Ua paʻi ʻia ka nui o nā lua i loko o ka hōʻike makahiki o ka papahana ʻo Sandlings Walks, a ma hope o ka hōʻike 1997, ua ʻike ʻia nā pūnaewele hou. ʻOi aku ka pono o ka mākaʻikaʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike kūpina ma o nā paʻi e like me Walk of the Sandlings, Nā Hana o ka Suffolk Naturalists Society a me ka pūnaewele Sandlings hou.
ʻO ka moʻolelo mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o nā liona ant ka mea i ka makahiki 1931, a aia kekahi mau hōʻike manawa o ka poʻe makua hoʻokahi mai ia manawa. I ka makahiki 1997, 1998, a me 2000, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i nā heluna nui ma Suffolk Sandlings. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia kēia ʻikepili e hōʻike i ka noho ʻana o ka pepeke ma kahi no 70 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha, akā no ka mea pono ia i ka ʻike e ʻike a ʻike i ka fiona liona ant a me nā larva huna i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻOkoʻa, hiki i ka ʻāpana ke kolone ʻia e nā wahine wahine nui ma ke Kai ʻĀkau mai ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina nui ʻEulopa.
Liona ant, e like me nā kolo, e pule ana i nā mantise a me nā nalo, hāʻawi mālie i nā kānaka a me ke koena o ka honua me ka hoʻomalu insect kūlohelohe ʻole. ʻO kā lākou loli i nā mākua kahi loli maikaʻi loa no lākou - mai ka poʻe predator hyperaggressive, lilo lākou i lele lele nani e ʻai i ka nectar a me ka pollen. Leʻaleʻa lākou ke nānā aku, a kahakaha paha ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema i ka hoʻouluulu mai ia ʻano mea.
Lā hoʻopuka: 08/07/2019
Lā hou: 28.09.2019 ma 22:59
