Hoʻomanaʻo nui kēia iʻa makaʻu nui i ka nahesa a ʻaʻole wale i nā outlines o kahi kino elongated. E like me nā puhi āpau, ʻauʻau nā ʻelala moray a kolo e like me ka nahesa maoli, ʻike maka ʻia ke kino.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka puhi Moray
ʻO nā maka liʻiliʻi, hāmama mau ka waha, ʻoi nā niho ʻūlū, kino serpentine me ka unahi ʻole - he ʻelona moray maʻamau kēia mai ka ʻohana moray, i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka genus o nā iʻa i uhi ʻia me nā lā. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi nā puhi Moray: ʻo nā ʻelele o nā laha liʻiliʻi e ulu a hiki i ka 0.6 m me ke kaumaha o 8-10 kg., ʻOiai ke lele nei nā ʻelala nunui nunui a aneane 4 mika me ke kaumaha o 40 kg.
Helehelena
Kakaikahi ka poʻe i hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka puhi moray i ka ulu piha ʻana, ʻoiai i ke ao ua aneane loa ia e piʻi i loko o ka lua pōhaku, a waiho wale kona poʻo i waho. I nā mea nānā maʻamau, me he mea lā ua huhū nā ʻelika moray i ko lākou mau niho: hana ʻia kēia manaʻo ma muli o ka maka o ka prickly a hāmama mau ka waha me nā niho nunui.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka muray o ka tuna muray i ka huhū huna nui e like me ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kahi mea hoʻohālua hoʻohālua - i ke kakali ʻana i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, hoʻomaʻalili ka ʻelala moray, akā ʻaʻole paʻa i kona waha.
Hoihoi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā puhi ʻōpala ke pani i ko lākou waha, ʻoiai ke hoʻopilikia nei nā niho nunui i kēia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka iʻa e pono ai, e hele ana i ka wai ma loko o kona waha a huki iā ia i loko o nā kaila.
ʻAʻohe o nā niho nunui ʻo Moray (23–28), e hana ana i hoʻokahi lālani a hāliu iki hoʻi i hope. ʻO nā mea lawaiʻa e hopu ana i nā crustaceans i mākaukau me nā niho ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻololi ʻia e wāwahi i nā pūpū.
ʻAʻohe alelo o nā puhi Moray, akā ua hana ke kūlohelohe no kēia hemahema me ka uku ʻana iā lākou i ʻelua mau piko o nā ihu e like me nā paipu liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā puhi Moray (e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe) pono i ko lākou mau ihu ʻaʻole hanu, akā e pilau. ʻO ke ʻala maikaʻi loa o ka ʻala o ka moray eel i kekahi mea e uku ana no ka hiki o kāna mea hana nāwaliwali.
Hoʻohālikelike kekahi i nā puhi Moray me nā nahesa, kekahi me nā lehelohe kupaianaha: ʻo nā hewa āpau ka kino elongated āpau a pālahalaha ʻia ma hope. Kū aʻe ka like o ka leech mai ka huelo lahilahi, e hoʻohālikelike ana me ka muzzles mānoanoa a me ka forebody.
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻiʻo pectoral Morelal eel, akā ʻo kahi fin dorsal e hoʻonui ʻia ma ke kuahiwi holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe o ka unahi a ka ʻili mānoanoa, ʻoluʻolu hoʻi a pena ʻia i nā kala camouflage e kīwī ai i ka ʻāina a puni.
ʻO nā aka a me nā lauana moray nunui kaulana loa:
- ka ʻeleʻele;
- Hinahina;
- palaunu;
- keʻokeʻo;
- ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻu maikaʻi (polka dots, "marble", nā kaha a me nā kiko asymmetric).
Ma muli o ka pani ʻole ʻana o ka puhi ehe i kāna waha hoʻohanohano i ka hoʻohālua, pono e kūlike ka ʻaoʻao o ka hope i ke kala o ke kino i mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai i ka camouflage holoʻokoʻa.
Nā puhi Moray
A hiki i kēia manawa, hāʻawi nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole i nā ʻikepili paio e pili ana i nā ʻano puhi ehe. ʻO ke kiʻi i hōʻike pinepine ʻia he 200, ʻoiai ʻo ka genus Muraena he 10 mau ʻano wale nō. Aia ka papa inoa i:
- muraena appendiculata;
- muraena argus;
- muraena augusti;
- muraena clepsydra;
- muraena helena (European moray eel);
- muraena lentiginosa;
- muraena melanotis;
- muraena pavonina;
- muraena retifera;
- muraena robusta.
No hea mai ka helu 200? ʻO ka ʻohana Muraenidae (Moray eels), ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ke ʻano o ka puhi e like me ka helu like o nā ʻano. ʻO kēia ʻohana nui he ʻelua mau ʻohana (Muraeninae a me Uropterygiinae), 15 mau moʻokūʻauhau a me 85-206 mau ʻano.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, komo pū ka subfamily Muraeninae i ka genus Murena, nona nā ʻano 10 i helu ʻia. Ma ka laulā, ʻo ka nunui moray eela pili pili ʻole i ka genus Muraena: pili ia i ka ʻohana Moray eel, akā he lunamakaʻāinana o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa - Gymnothorax. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i kapa ʻia ʻo ka puhi nunui moray ʻo ka hymnothorax Java.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka lawena
Ma kahi o ka iʻa e like me ka nahesa he nui nā manaʻo i kū ʻole i ka hōʻoia ma ke nānā pono ʻana. ʻAʻole e hoʻouka kaua ka puhi ʻo Moray, inā ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ʻia a hōʻike ʻole i ka nānā intrusive (ka mea lawehala pinepine ʻole nā lawehala).
ʻOiai, he mea kupaianaha ka hānai ʻana i nā puhi meli mai ka lima aku, akā i ka manawa like weliweli loa (ʻoiai ke hana ʻia me ka mālama pono ʻole ʻana o nā mea hihiu hihiu). ʻAʻole kū nā iʻa i hoʻopalai maka ʻia i ka hanana a hiki ke hōʻeha ʻino loa. I kekahi manawa hoʻonāukiuki ka huhū kūlohelohe o nā puhi ʻohe e ka makaʻu wale nō, akā i ka ʻeha hoʻi, ka mokuʻāina a me ka malaise.
ʻOiai ke kuʻi ʻana i ka lou a i ka lime paha, e pale aku ka puhi ʻohe iā ia iho a hiki i ka wā e pau ai kona ikaika. I ka manawa mua, e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hūnā i loko o ka ʻūlū, e huki ana i ka mea ʻimi i lalo o ka wai ma hope ona, akā inā ʻaʻole holo ka manuahi, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia e holoholo i ka ʻāina, e kolo i ke kai, e hakakā a paʻi i kona mau niho me ke aloha ʻole.
Nānā. I ka nahu ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻelala moray i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, akā hopu ʻo ia iā ia me ka paʻa o ka make (e like me ka hana ʻana o ka lua bipi) a hoʻoluliluli ʻia ka iwi ā, a alakaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā ʻeha lacerated hohonu
Kākaʻikahi ka hiki i kekahi ke pakele mai nā niho ʻoiʻoi o nā ʻīlio moray iā lākou iho, me ka ʻole o ke kōkua i waho. ʻO ka nahu o kēia iʻa iʻa predatory he ʻeha loa, a hoʻōla ka ʻeha no kahi manawa lōʻihi (a hiki i ka make).
Ma ke ala, ʻo ia ka hanana hope loa i alakaʻi i ichthyologists i ka manaʻo o ke kū ʻana o ka lāʻau ʻelala moray i loko o nā canal niho, ʻo ia hoʻi, ciguatoxin... Akā ma hope o ke kaʻina o nā noiʻi, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā puhi elela, e ʻae nei ʻaʻohe o lākou glandona ʻawahia.
ʻO ka hoʻōla lohi o nā ʻeha lacerated i kēia manawa i pili i ka hana o nā bacteria i hoʻonui i nā ʻōpala meaʻai i ka waha: hoʻopili kēia mau microorganism i nā ʻeha.
ʻO ke ola a me ka ola lōʻihi
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā puhi ʻo Morayke nānā nei i ke kumu o ka teritori. I kekahi manawa pili kokoke lākou kekahi i kekahi, akā ma muli wale nō o ka pili paʻa o nā kaha kūpono. Ma laila lākou e noho ai i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, ke hoʻololi nei i kekahi manawa i kahi kūlana, akā ke waiho nei i nā poʻo hanohano ma waho. ʻEleu ka hapa nui o nā laha i ka pō, akā aia kekahi mau mea i hopu i ka mea pio i nā hola o ke ao, maʻamau i ka wai papau.
Kōkua iki ʻo Sight iā lākou i ke alualu ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, akā ʻo ka hapanui o ka honi maikaʻi loa. Inā kūpaka nā puka ihu, lilo ia i pōʻino maoli.
Aia nā niho o nā puhi ʻohe he nui ma nā pālau ʻelua, a he retractable kekahi o ia mea: noho hohonu ia i ka puʻu a "ʻolokaʻa" i ka manawa kūpono e lālau i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a kauō iā ia i loko o ka esophagus. ʻO kēlā ʻano hoʻolālā o ka hāmeʻa waha ma muli o ka pīkī o nā lua: ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻīlio moray (e like me nā mea ʻiʻo ʻiʻo o ka wai) ke hāmama i ko lākou waha i mea e kauō koke ai kā lākou mea pio i loko.
Mea nui. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Moray. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia e nā kūlana ʻelua - kāna mau niho ʻoi a me ka ikaika e hopu ai ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi, a me ka noho mau i nā hale kūlohelohe.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia kahi predator e hele i loko o ka ʻauʻau manuahi ʻana e ka iʻa nui aku, akā uhi mau ia i loko o ka lua pōhaku kokoke. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pakele kekahi mau ʻano mai kā lākou poʻe alualu, ke kolo nei e like me nā nahesa ma ka ʻāina. Pono nō hoʻi e kuapo i kahi ʻano terrestrial o ka neʻe i ka wā o ke kai haʻahaʻa.
ʻAʻohe mea i ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā puhi ʻelala, akā manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hapa nui o nā laha ola a 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.
ʻO kahi noho, nā wahi noho o nā puhi make
Noho nā ʻelala Moray i ke kai a me ka moana, makemake i nā wai mehana iʻa. ʻO ka ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia mau iʻa i kaulana ʻia ma ke Kai ʻInikia a me ke Kaiʻula. Ua koho nā ʻelala nunui he nui i nā palahalaha o ka moana ʻAkelanika a me ka moana Pākīpika (ʻāpana ʻokoʻa), a me ke kai Mediterranean.
ʻO nā puhi Moray, e like me ka nui o nā iʻa ʻaʻa, ʻaʻole iki e hohonu, e koho ana i nā wai pāpaʻu pōhaku a me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa me ka hohonu o 40 m. Hoʻohana ka puhi ʻelala Moray i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i nā hale kūlohelohe, e like me nā lua o loko o nā sponges nui, nā ʻāpana pōhaku a me nā mānoanoa koʻa.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā puhi elela
ʻO kahi ʻelala moray, e noho ana i kahi hoʻohālua, e ʻumeʻume i kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa me nā paipu nasal (e like me nā annelids), e wili nei iā lākou. ʻO ka iʻa, kūpaʻa ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā ilo o ke kai, ʻauʻau kokoke a komo i nā niho o ka puhi ʻohe, e lālau iā ia me ka hoʻolei uila.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā puhi e like me nā mea āpau o ka moana kai digestible.
- heʻe;
- ʻulaʻula;
- he iʻa;
- ʻokiʻoki;
- pāpaʻi;
- heʻe;
- ʻino kai.
Hoihoi. ʻO kā Moray mau puhi ʻona i kā lākou waeʻano gastronomic o ka hanohano: ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i nā ʻōpena kahu (e noho ana ma nā helehelena o nā ʻelala moray) a mai hoʻopā aku i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wrasse (e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ʻili / waha mai nā mea paʻa a me nā parasite).
No ka hopu ʻana i nā pio nui (e laʻa me ka heʻe,) a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā puhi ʻalaʻala, hoʻohana lākou i kahi hana kūikawā, ka mea hana nui ʻo ia ka huelo. Hoʻopuni ke ʻelala moray i kahi pōhaku e noho paʻa ana, nākiʻi ʻia i kahi pona a hoʻomaka i ka ʻaelike ʻana i nā mākala, ke neʻe nei i ka pona i ke poʻo: kūkulu aʻe ke kaomi o ka iwi ā, i hiki ai i ka mea ʻumeʻume ke huki maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana o ka pulp mai ka mea pio.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina kūpono i nā hana hoʻohua o nā puhi ehe, e like me nā puhi ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻia e ʻō mai ka iʻa mai ke kahakai, a komo pū i loko o ka hānau keiki ʻia e 4-6 makahiki. Mālama kekahi mau ʻano i ka dimorphism moekolohe i loko o ke ola, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe - hoʻololi kāne kāne, lilo i kāne a i wahine paha.
ʻIke ʻia kēia mākaukau, no ka laʻana, i ka rhinomurena banded, nā ʻōpio nona (a hiki i 65 cm ka lōʻihi) ʻeleʻele, akā hoʻololi ia i ka polū ʻulaʻula, e lilo i kāne (a hiki i 65-70 cm ka lōʻihi). Ke piʻi ka ulu o nā kāne makua i ka māka o 70 cm, lilo lākou i wahine, i ka manawa like e hoʻololi i ko lākou kala i melemele.
Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻelala Moray eel (e like me nā ʻelala elela) leptocephalic... He aniani moakaka loa lākou, he poʻo poepoe a me kahi caudal fin, a i ka hānau ʻana ʻaʻole kokoke i 7-10 mm. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia nā lepeephe i loko o ka wai, ʻokoʻa, ʻauʻau maikaʻi lākou a neʻe, mahalo i nā au, ma kahi mamao loa.
Lawe kēlā ʻano ʻewa mai ʻeono mau mahina a i 10 mau mahina: i kēia manawa, ulu ka larva i iʻa liʻiliʻi a maʻa i kahi nohona noho.
Pōʻino i nā kānaka
Ua makaʻu mau ka poʻe i nā puhi moray, e hoʻāʻo nei e haʻalele i kēia mau iʻa toothy nui me ka hana ʻole i kekahi mea. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo mau ʻia ka ʻiala palaho he mea ʻoluʻolu kūikawā, no laila pono ʻoe e hopu.
ʻO Moray eel ma Roma kahiko
Ua lanakila ko mākou mau kūpuna mamao i ko lākou makaʻu ma ka hopu ʻana i nā puhi moray, a ma Roma kahiko ua hoʻokūpaʻa lākou i ka hana hou ʻana o kēia mau puhi i nā pā kūikawā. Makemake ka poʻe Roma i nā pahiolo moray ma mua o ka ʻiʻo o kona mau hoahānau wai kai, nā puhi, e lawelawe ana i nā ipu iʻa momona i nā ʻahaʻaina pinepine a nui hoʻi.
Ua mālama ka mōʻaukala kahiko i kekahi mau kaʻao i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā puhi moray. No laila, aia kekahi moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi tame moray tame i holo aku i ke kāhea o kona haku, kahi Roma i kapa ʻia ʻo Crassus.
ʻO kekahi kaʻao mele kamahaʻi (i haʻi ʻokoʻa ʻia e Seneca a me Dion) e pili pū me Kaisara ʻAukake, nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Emepaea Roma. He hoa aloha ʻo Octavian Augustus me ke keiki a kahi manuahi, ʻo Publius Vedius Pollio, ka mea i hoʻohuli ʻia (e ka makemake o nā keiki aliʻi) i ka papa equestrian.
I ka manawa i pāʻina ai ka mōʻī ma ka villa hanohano o ka mea waiwai ʻo Pollio, a ua kauoha ka hope i kahi kauā e hoʻolei ʻia i ka meaʻai moray, nāna i haki hewa ʻole i ka ipu kīʻaha. Ua kukuli ke kanaka ʻōpio i kona mau kuli, e noi ana i ka mōʻī ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopakele i kona ola, akā no kekahi, ʻoi aku ka ʻeha o ka hana o ka make.
Ua lawe ʻo ʻOtavian i nā kīʻaha i koe a hoʻomaka i ka wāwahi ʻana iā lākou ma nā pā pōhaku i ke alo o Pollio. Hāʻawi ʻia ke ola i ke kauā, a ua loaʻa nā keiki aliʻi (ma hope o ka make ʻana o Vedius) hāʻawi ka villa iā ia.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana
I kēia mau lā, ua nalowale ʻia ka ʻenehana o ka hānau ʻana i nā puhi ʻohe i nā ʻano hana a ʻaʻole ulu hou kēia mau iʻa.
Mea nui. Manaʻo ʻia he kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana ka ʻiala ʻaihue (keʻokeʻo a ʻono) ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke koko piha i nā toxins mai ona aku. ʻO lākou ke kumu o ka make a me ka lāʻau make o ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo i nā puhi ʻohe e noho i nā latitude tropical.
ʻO ka ʻona, hōʻiliʻili nō ia i loko o ke kino o nā ʻelala moray ke lilo ka iʻa tropical tropical i kumu o kāna papaʻai. Akā i loko o ke kai Waipuna, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka hope, ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa amatir no nā puhi moray. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia ia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lou a me nā hei, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono lawaiʻa haʻuki.
I kekahi manawa hāʻule hāʻule nā puhi ʻelima ʻEulopa i loko o nā mea trawling i manaʻo ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe (ʻaʻole like me nā ʻelala moray) kahi mea hoihoi o ke kālepa.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā puhi ʻōnika o kēia au i ka nui o nā mea like e haʻi e pili ana i nā mea hoʻomalule kūpono e ʻauʻau aʻe ma hope o nā scuba divers, ʻae iā lākou e kiʻi ʻia, hoʻopā a huki hoʻi iā lākou iho mai kā lākou kai maoli.
