Ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana o ka oxygen e nā meaola āpau, ke emi mau nei ka nui o ia kinoea, no laila pono e hoʻopiha hou ʻia i nā waihona oxygen. ʻO kēia pahuhopu ka hāʻawi o ka pōʻaiapuni oxygen i. He hana biochemical paʻakikī kēia i ka manawa e hoʻololi ai ka lewa a me ka honua i ka ozone. Pehea e hele ai kahi pōʻaiapuni, noi mākou e ʻike i kēia ʻatikala.
Manaʻo pōʻaiapuni
Ma waena o ka lewa, lithosfer, terrestrial organic chemicals a me hydrosphere, aia kahi hoʻololi o nā ʻano kemika like ʻole. Kūleʻa ʻole ka loli, e kahe ana mai kēlā me kēia pae. Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ola o ko mākou honua, ʻo ia mau ʻano hana e hele nei me ka hoʻomaha ʻole a ke hana nei no 4,5 biliona mau makahiki.
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ka holo ʻana ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ia ʻepekema e like me ka geochemistry. Hoʻomaopopo kēia ʻepekema i kēia pilina me nā lula nui ʻehā, i hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua i alakaʻi ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa.
- ka hāʻawi mau ʻana o nā mea kemika āpau i nā pūpū o ka honua;
- neʻe mau i ka manawa o nā mea āpau;
- ke ola like ʻole o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano;
- ka mana o nā mea i loko o ka moku i hoʻopuehu ʻia, ma luna o nā mea i ka moku i hoʻohui ʻia.
Pili loa ia mau pōʻaiapuni i ke kūlohelohe a me nā hana a ke kanaka. Pili nā mea ʻokanika me nā mea nonorganic a hana i kahi pōʻaiapuni biochemical mau i kapa ʻia he pōʻaiapuni.
ʻO ke kalapona oxygen ma ke kūlohelohe
Ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ozone
A hiki i ʻAukake 1, 1774, ʻaʻole ʻike ka lāhui i ke ola o ka oxygen. ʻIke mākou i ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo Joseph Priestley, nāna i ʻike iā ia ma ka decomposing mercury oxide i loko o kahi moku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hermetically
ʻAʻole maopopo kēia ʻepekema i kāna hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka ʻepekema honua a manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i kahi mea maʻalahi hou, akā he mahele wale nō o ka ea, āna i haʻaheo ai - deflogistic air.
Ua hoʻopau kahi ʻike ʻepekema Palani ʻo Carl Lavoisier, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka oxygen, e lawe ana i nā hopena a Priestley ma ke ʻano he kumu: ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi mau hoʻokolohua a ua hōʻoia he ʻokoʻa kaʻawale ka oxygen. No laila, no ka ʻepekema ʻelua ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia gas i ka manawa hoʻokahi - Priestley lāua ʻo Lavoisier.
Oxygen ma ke ʻano he kumu
Oxygen (oxygenium) - unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Helene - - ka hānau ʻana o ka waikawa. I Helene kahiko, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻoka a pau he waikawa. ʻO kēia kinoea ʻokoʻa ka mea i koi nui ʻia i ke kūlohelohe a hana ʻia he 47% o ka nui o ka nui o ka honua, mālama ʻia ia ma loko o ka honua a me nā wahi o ka lewa, nā kai, nā moana, a hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kaukani pūhui o ka honua i loko.
Pākuʻi oxygen
ʻO ka pōʻai ozone kahi hana kemika hōʻeuʻeu o nā mea o ke kūlohelohe, nā meaola ola, a me kā lākou hana hoʻoholo i kēia hana. ʻO ke kalapona biokimika kahi hana pālākiō honua, hoʻohui ia i nā lewa me ka ʻili o ka honua a hoʻokō ʻia penei:
- ka hoʻokuʻu o ka ozone manuahi mai ka flora i ka manawa o ka photosynthesis, hānau ʻia ia i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka oxygen i hana ʻia, ʻo ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka hanu ʻana o nā meaola hanu āpau, a me ka hoʻowaiwai ʻana o nā meaola a me nā mea ʻaʻohe meaola;
- nā mea kemika i hoʻololi ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā mea oxidizing e like me ka wai a me organogen dioxide, a me ka ʻumeʻume ʻana o ke ʻano o nā mea i ka loop photosynthetic e hiki mai ana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pōʻaiapuni e kū nei ma muli o ka photosynthesis, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ozone mai ka wai: mai ka papa o ka nui o ka wai, nā kai, nā kahawai a me nā moana, nā ua a me nā ua ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopau ka oxygen i loko o ka wai, hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hoʻopuka pū ʻia ka oxygen e ke anilā o nā pōhaku e like me ka limestone.
Photosynthesis ma ke ʻano he manaʻo
Kāhea ʻia ʻo Photosynthesis ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu i ka ozone i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea kūpona mai ka wai a me carbon dioxide. I mea e pono ai ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis, koi ʻia kēia mau mea: ka wai, kukui, wela, carbon dioxide a me nā chloroplasts - nā plastids o nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka chlorophyll.
Mahalo i ka photosynthesis, piʻi ka oxygen i hana ʻia i nā pōpō lewa a hana i ka ozone layer. Mahalo i ka pōpō ozone, ka mea e pale ai i ka ʻili o ka honua mai ka pāhawewe ultraviolet, ua hānau ʻia ke ola ma ka ʻāina: ua hiki i nā poʻe noho kai ke hele i ka ʻāina a noho ma ka ʻili o ka honua. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka oxygen, e pau ka ola o ka honua.
Nā mea leʻaleʻa e pili ana i ka oxygen
- Hoʻohana ʻia ka oxygen ma nā mea kanu metallurgical, i ka ʻoki uila a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina hana no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi metala maikaʻi.
- Hāʻawi ka oxygen i nā paukū e ʻimi iā ʻoe e ʻimi i ka hohonu o ke kai a me ka lewa i waho.
- Hoʻokahi wale ka lāʻau makua hiki ke hāʻawi i ka oxygen i ʻekolu mau kānaka no hoʻokahi makahiki.
- Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o kēia kinoea i ka lewa e ka hapalua.
- Ke hopohopo, hoʻopau ka poʻe i mau manawa he nui aku ka oxygen ma mua o kahi olakino, maluhia o ke olakino.
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili o ka honua ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen a me nā mea i loko o ka lewa, no ka mea paʻakikī kēia e hanu i nā kuahiwi, mai ka maʻa, hiki i kekahi kanaka ke pōloli i ka oxygen, koma a hiki i ka make.
- Ua hiki i nā Dinosaur ke ola ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ozone i ka wā kahiko i ʻoi aku i kēia manawa ʻekolu mau manawa, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole e hoʻopiha pono ʻia ko lākou koko me ka oxygen.
