I ka wā kahiko, hoʻomana nā kānaka i ka elk. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kiʻi me kāna kiʻi ma sarcophagi, nā hale kupapaʻu, i nā ana.
Manaʻo ka poʻe o Siberia ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōkū hōkū ʻo Ursa Major a me ka Milky Way i ka wā e ʻimi ai ka poʻe i ka moose. He kaʻao ko ka Apach e pili ana i ka elk hoʻopunipuni, a me nā India ʻĀkia, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona hanohano. No kēia lā holoholona elk ʻike nui ʻia i nā mea āpau a pili i nā mea māmele kalepa.
Kahi noho Elk
Helu ka heluna heluna kanaka ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua miliona mau kānaka. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka heluna heluna kanaka e noho ana ma Rukia. Akā ma waho o nā palena o ko mākou ʻāina, noho kēia mau holoholona ma ʻEulopa (Pōlani, Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, the Baltic States), noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Ukraine, Scandinavia.
I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka elk i nā kenekulia 18 - 19. Ma hope, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka lehulehu ma muli o ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā māla ulu, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea kūlohelohe o nā elk - nā ʻīlio hae.
Noho ma ka ʻākau o Mongolia a me ka hikina hikina o Kina a i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Siberia. Ua lilo ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i home no ka elk, kahi i noho ai ma Alaska, Kanada a me ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Noho ʻo Elk i nā ululāʻau a me nā lāʻau - birch a me nā ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau aspen, nā ululāʻau willow ma kapa o nā kahawai a me nā loko. I ka tundra a me steppe, hiki i ka moose ke noho mamao loa mai ka nahele. Akā makemake lākou i nā ulu lāʻau, kahi e ulu pono ai ka ulu ulu.
ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka nohona kauwela o ka elk nā waihona wai, kahi e pono ai no ka hoʻopakele ʻana mai ka wela o ke kauwela, a me nā meaʻai hou aʻe. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai lākou i nā ululāʻau i kāwili ʻia a coniferous. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka hau hohonu, a alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona noho wale i kēlā mau wahi kahi e hāʻule ʻole ai ma mua o ka hapalua mika.
Inā hohonu ka hau, holoholo lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hopena o ka hāʻule. ʻO ka mea mua, haʻalele nā wahine me nā keiki bipi moose, a laila hopu ke kāne kāne makua iā lākou. Hana ʻia ka huakaʻi hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o ka puna, ke hoʻoheheʻe ka hau. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hele wāwae ma kahi o 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Moose
ʻO Elk ka lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana dia. Kaupaona kahi kāne makua ma kahi o 600 kg., Me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 3 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o 2.4 mika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ʻia kahi moose makua mai kahi wahine e nā pahi nunui o nā aniani. Hiki i kā lākou nui a hiki i 1.8 mau mika ākea a kaupaona a 30 mau kilokika. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nā aniani ka hōʻailona mau o ka ʻokoʻa wahine - ua hoʻonele ʻia kēlā me kēia kau moose i kēia hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa.
Ua hoʻokahe lākou i kā lākou mau ʻoka ma hope o ka wā i hala i hala e hoʻomaka ai e ulu hou i ka puna. ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona, ʻo ka nui o nā lālā ma kona poʻo. He "pepeiao pepeiao" kā ke kāne - kahi ulu o ka ʻili ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī.
Kupanaha loa ka helehelena o ka moose, ʻokoʻa loa kēia holoholona hihiu mai ke koena o nā dia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokolokolo i kēia me ka lehulehu kiʻi o ka moose.
Hiki nō iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo aʻe, he makaukau iki ka bipi moose - nā wāwae he lōʻihi loa e pili ana i ke kino, kahi puʻu ma ke kua, kahi poʻo ihu nui me ka lehelehe luna o ka ʻiʻo. Akā nō naʻe, e like me nā ʻelele āpau o ka honua holoholona, makemake nui ʻia lākou me nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka wahine ʻē aʻe o kā lākou ʻano.
He lohe maikaʻi ko Moose a me ke ʻano o ka pilau, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka maka. Inā kū kū kekahi, ʻaʻole e ʻike ka elk iā ia mai kahi mamao o 20-30 mau mika. He ʻauʻauʻau maikaʻi ʻo Elks, makemake lākou i ka wai ʻelua ma ke ʻano he mea pakele mai nā piko mai a me ke ʻano he kumuʻai.
Inā makemake kēia holoholona nui e pale iā ia iho, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i nā pepeiaohao, e hakakā ia me nā mea hōkai me nā wāwae o mua. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hakakā, inā he manawa kūpono e pakele ai, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e komo i kahi hakakā.
Nohona Moose
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Elks i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole mai 4 a i ka 8. ʻO nā ʻāpana Alaskan ka mea nui, hiki ke piʻi i kahi kaumaha o 800 kg. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi ʻo ia nā ʻāpana Ussuri, ʻike ʻia e nā antler-like antlers (me ka ʻole o nā pahi). ʻEleu ka Moose i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki. Aia ia i ka mahana o ka mahana.
I ka wela wela nui, makemake lākou e hūnā mai nā kolo i nā mānoanoa, ʻāʻī hohonu i ka wai a i ʻole nā aniani i puhi ʻia e ka makani. Hele lākou i waho e hānai i nā pō anuanu. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka ʻokoʻa, ʻai lākou i ke ao, a hoʻomaha i ka pō. I nā hau nui loa, hāʻule lākou i ka hau maloʻo, kahi e hoʻomehana ai i nā holoholona e like me ka lua.
Kapa ʻia kēlā mau wahi kahi elk e hoʻolilo ai i ka hoʻoilo a kapa ʻia ko lākou wahi ma nā wahi i nui ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine kēia o nā ulu lāʻau ʻōpiopio o ka paina ma waena o Rūsia, nā wilowalu a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau o nā birch dwarf ma Siberia, kahi ulu ulu ulu ma ka Hikina hikina.
Hiki i kekahi mau holoholona ke ʻākoakoa ma kahi hoʻomoana. Aia i hoʻokahi haneli moose i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia 1000 hectares o ka nahele ʻo Ob Pine. ʻAʻole nā holoholona moose nā moose, hele pinepine lākou i kēlā me kēia, a i ʻole 3-4 poʻe e ʻākoakoa.
I ke kauwela, hui pū nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā wahine me nā underyearlings, a i ka hoʻoilo, aia kekahi pūʻulu liʻiliʻi me nā wahine ʻōpio a me hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki o ka poʻe. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka puna, e hoʻopuehu hou kēia ʻoihana liʻiliʻi.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka elk me nā ʻano mauʻu like ʻole, nā limu, nā laikini, nā lau, nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻūlū i ka mauʻu no ka ulu kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻāʻī pōkole), nā ʻōpio a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau (lehu mauna, birch, aspen, cherry manu a me nā ʻano ulu lāʻau).
Mālama ka moose i ka lālā me ko lākou lehelehe nui a ʻai i nā lau a pau. I ke kauwela makemake lākou e nānā i ka meaʻai i loko o nā kino wai, hiki iā lākou ke kū me ko lākou mau poʻo i ka wai ma kahi o hoʻokahi minuke a koho i nā mea kanu wai like ʻole (marigold, līlia wai, capsule hua manu, horsetail).
Me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hāʻule, neʻe lākou i nā lālā, ʻala mai nā kumu lāʻau. Ke nui nā meaʻai, i ke kauwela, ʻai ka moose ma kahi o 30 kg, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo 15 kg wale nō. ʻO ka nui o nā moose e hoʻopōʻino i nā ululāʻau, e like me ka ʻai ʻana o hoʻokahi holoholona ma kahi o 7 tone o nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Pono nā Elks i ka paʻakai, ka mea a lākou e palu ai ma nā alanui, a i ʻole kipa aku i nā liko paʻakai i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e nā mea pāʻani pāʻani no lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hāʻule, ma kahi o Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā elks. Hana nā kāne i ka leo nui, ʻoki i ko lākou pepeiaohao ma nā kumulāʻau, haki nā lālā, me he mea lā e kono ana i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hakakā no ka wahine.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahine, alualu lākou iā ia, pale aku i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻokokoke iā ia. I loko o kēia wā, ikaika loa lākou. ʻO ke kaua ma waena o nā kāne makua ʻelua i kekahi manawa e hoʻopau me ka make o ka mea nāwaliwali. I nā kaua ikaika, ʻaʻole hakakā nā moose no kahi pūʻā, akā no hoʻokahi wahine wale nō - he mau holoholona monogamous lākou.
Koe ka wā hanai holoholona a aia ka hapanui o nā wahine i ka pūʻā. A laila pono i hoʻokahi kāne e uhi i kekahi mau wahine, ʻaʻole pololei loa.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina o ka noho aloha ʻana, hānau ka male, a ma hope o 230-240 mau lā hānau kahi pēpē. Aia i ka nui o nā meaʻai a me nā kūlana maikaʻi, hānau ʻia nā keiki bipi keiki he 1-2 i ka ʻōpala. Akā make pinepine pinepine kekahi i nā lā mua a i ʻole nā pule o ke ola.
I loko o ka pule mua o kona ola, nāwaliwali loa ka bipi keiki moose a hiki ʻole ke neʻe wikiwiki, no laila hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻina pale - moe i ka mauʻu a kali i ka pōpilikia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea pale maikaʻi kāna - kona makuahine nui. E hana ʻo ia i ka mea hiki e pale aku i kāna keiki, i kekahi manawa me ka kūleʻa.
ʻO nā bea kekahi make i kekahi manawa mai ka hahau ʻana o nā wāwae ikaika o kahi moose huhū. Ma hope, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kona mau wāwae a ukali i kona makuahine. I kēia manawa, ʻike wale ʻo ia i ka ʻai i nā lau, aia i ka pae o kona ulu ʻana.
Ma hope, e aʻo ʻo ia e kukuli i lalo e ʻūlū i ka mauʻu, a kūlou i nā lāʻau lahilahi e kiʻi i nā lau hou. Hānai nā keiki bipi Moose i ka waiū ma kahi o 4 mau mahina. Ma kēia hānai, kahi keiki bipi he 6-16 kg ke kaumaha. e hiki ana ke kaupaona hānau hou i 120-200 kg i ka hāʻule.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Elks e ola ma kahi o 25 mau makahiki, akā i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka nahelehele, noho wale lākou i ka hapalua o ko lākou ola. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā bea, nā ʻīlio hae e ʻimi holoholona holoholona, a me nā ʻelemakule, a i ʻole ia, he ʻōpio loa. Eia kekahi, he holoholona holoholona hihiu ka elk, ʻimi ʻae ʻia mai ka ʻOkakopa a Ianuali.
