Kolamu Siberian ʻike ʻia e nā mea pena kiʻi, mai kona hulu i hana ʻia ai nā palaki palupalu kiʻekiʻe no nā kiʻi pena. Kaulana ka holoholona i nā mea hoʻolālā kiʻi, nona ka lole huluhulu kahi ʻokoʻa i ka mink a i ʻole sable.
ʻO kekahi inoa "itatsi" i hāʻawi ʻia i nā laha o ke kolamu Sakhalin, i ola i nā helu liʻiliʻi - ma kahi o 300 mau kānaka. He hoahānau o ka ferret a me ka weasel, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka ʻohana weana, ʻike ʻia ia e kona ʻano kūikawā a me kāna mau ʻano kū hoʻokahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
Kolamu - holoholona a i 50 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kahi o ka hapakolu o ka huelo. Kaupaona ka holoholona ma ka awelika 700-800 g. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kino, ʻike ʻia ia e ka maʻalahi kūikawā a me ka neʻe. ʻO nā wāwae pōkole me nā membrane hoʻomōhala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, nā maka expressive ma ka waha o ka waha, nā pepeiao pepeiao poepoe liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hulu nani kahi haʻaheo kūikawā o kahi kamaʻāina taiga. ʻO Ocher i ke kala i ka hoʻoilo, me kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula, huli i ke ʻano ʻeleʻele ke hiki mai ke kauwela. ʻO ka hulu ma ka huelo ka ʻoi aku ka momona o ke kala ma mua o ka hope a me ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻonani ʻia ka muʻu me nā kiko keʻokeʻo ʻano ma ka ihu a me ka pale ʻeleʻele a puni nā maka. ʻO ke kala kālā o nā wāwae ma nā wāwae o ka holoholona a me ka hulu māmā o ka undercoat i hoʻonohonoho i ka nani o ka huluhulu hulu.
ʻOkoʻa ka mānoanoa o ke kapakomo me ke kau: ʻo ka nani a me ka mānoanoa ka mea maʻamau no ke kau anuanu, a i ke kauwela he sparser ka hulu a ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. Noho ʻo Kolonok i nā wahi o ka Hikina Loa, nā ululāʻau Ural, nā wahi taiga ma Siberia, Primorye, Yakutia. He kakaikahi loa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻIke ʻia ke kolamu i Kina, Iāpana, ma ka Kōlea Korea.
Pili ka ulu ʻana o nā panalāʻau like ʻole i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ululāʻau coniferous a deciduous paha me ka nui o nā rodents, a me nā waihona i ulu nui ʻia me nā kumulāʻau, me ke kū ʻana o ka makani a me ka lāʻau make. Hōʻalo ka holoholona i nā ākea, aloha i ka taiga mānoanoa ma nā pali mauna a i ʻole nā kahawai. Hana ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a i 1600 m ma luna o ka pae kai.
Hele mai ke kolamu i nā wahi i noho ʻia e ka poʻe, kahi e ʻai ai nā moa a me ke alo o nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole. ʻO kahi hālāwai me kahi dispenser i nā wahi noho, ma waho o nā kūlanakauhale a i ʻole kokoke i nā māla kahi hanana pinepine e pili ana i ka neʻe ikaika mai ka pōloli a me kekahi nalo o ke akahele.
I ke ʻano, he nui nā ʻenemi o ka holoholona. ʻO ka mea nui ka sable, e hoʻoneʻe i kāna mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai mai nā panalāʻau i kūkulu ʻia. ʻImi nā hulu hipa i ke kolamu: heki, pueo, ʻaeto, aeto pueo. Pono mākou e hūnā mai nā hoʻouka ʻana o ka lynxes, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ferrets.
Kolamu ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka poʻe ʻōlelo i ka pō nui. Hoʻomaka ka hana i ka wā o ke ahiahi a ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. ʻAʻole kaupalena ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i kekahi mau wahi, hiki i ka holoholona ke hele a 10 km a ʻoi paha inā koi ka ʻimi holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai pio.
I ka pō, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā maka ʻulaʻula maikaʻi o ke kolamu, e ʻimi ana i nā koʻokoʻo ma waena o nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau, i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia. Lilo pū nā kamaʻāina o ka muliwai i mea pio no kahi holoholona hulu i hiki keʻauʻau maikaʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, hāʻule nāʻiole wai, muskrats a iʻa iʻa paha i loko o nā māiʻu paʻa o nā kolamu.
I ka hoʻoilo, hōʻike ka mea hahai holoholona i ka dexterity a me ka hiki ke hele ma lalo o ka uhi o ka hau ma kahi lōʻihi a hiki i 50 m. Hū ka lāʻau a me ka hae hazel e hū ana i ka pō a lele koke i nā manu.
Ka wiwo ʻole, ka hoihoi, ka hiki ke piʻi eleu i loko o nā āpau a me nā lua, e neʻe ma nā wahi pōhaku a me nā mea ulu nui, piʻi i nā kumulāʻau a me nā poʻo o nā pōhaku, hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kia-kolū dexterous.
ʻAʻole hōʻailona nā holoholona i kā lākou pūnaewele. Noho lākou i nā hale noho o chipmunks, voles, haʻalele i nā lua a i ʻole ma lalo o nā lālā o nā lāʻau i hāʻule a i loko o kahi ahu lāʻau make. Ma waho aʻe o ka hale paʻa mau, he mau manawa pōkole kā ka holoholona, kahi e peʻe ai inā pono.
I ke anuanu ʻino, moe paha ia ʻaʻole hele i waho o kahi malu mehana no kekahi mau lā. A laila hoʻopanee ka ʻimi i ke ao ma muli o nā hau ʻawaʻawa o ka pō. Neʻe ke kolamu i nā lele wikiwiki. Ua like ka leo o ka mea kamaʻilio me nā leo i hana ʻia e ka ferret: kani a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka uē. I ka hoʻonāukiuki, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā me kahi ʻāwī.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai o nā kolamu i nā mammal liʻiliʻi: jerboas, mice, chipmunks, pikas, squirrels, a i kekahi manawa ʻo ka hare. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai holoholona, i loko o ka wai, e neʻe ana he ʻumi mau kilomita mai ke kahakai, lawaiʻa lākou a alualu i ka muskrat, hānai i nā rana, nā ʻelala a me nā larva, ʻohi i ke kupapaʻu a me nā mea i hāʻule mai ka mea pio o nā mea nui nui.
I ka hoʻoilo, ma lalo o ka hau, e ʻimi ʻia kahi manu e hiamoe i nā lua hau - nā ʻāpana partridges a me nā hazel, nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ke ʻimi nei kahi holoholona laka nui a dexterous i kahi pio, e lanakila ana i ka mānoanoa o ka hau.
I ka wā ʻohi, hoʻolauleʻa ʻia nā nati a me nā hua ma luna o lākou. Koi ka wī i ka poʻe e hoʻokokoke i kahi e noho ai kahi kanaka a hōʻino i nā hale pantry a me nā pā hale. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka moa nā mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole like me ka sable, ʻaʻole ia e kiaʻi i kāna mea pio, akā hoʻouka wikiwiki iā ia.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i ka holoholona, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku i ka nui. ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū ʻai nui o ke kolamu ʻo sable, no laila hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā panalāʻau, inā kū mai kahi mea hoʻouka, hoʻokele lākou i nā wahi hou.
Mālama nui ʻia ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai i ka pō. Inā hiki ke kiʻi i kahi mea pio, kauō ka kolamu iā ia i kahi mehameha a i kāna wahi moe, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻai ma kahi o kāna ʻimi holoholona. Hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka cannibalism ma waena o nā holoholona, ke hāʻule kekahi holoholona i kahi pahele, ʻoiai ua lawe kekahi i kēia kūlana.
ʻO ke kope a me ke kolamu o ke ola
Kū hoʻokahi nā kolamu, ʻo ka wā o ka pili ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka hāʻule mai Malaki a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila. Ke hakakā nei nā kāne no ka wahine, e hakakā ikaika ana.
Hāpai ka hānau ʻana i 30 mau lā; i hoʻokahi brood mai 4 a 10 mau cub. Hoʻomākaukau ka wahine no ko lākou helehelena ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana a i ka lua hulu hipa, nā lau, ka mauʻu maloʻo.
He mau mākua mālama nā mea kamaʻilio e mālama i nā pēpē. I ka mua, ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū wale nō, akā me ka mehana, ʻoiai hānau ʻōlohelohe lākou. Hiki i ke anuanu ke pepehi i kahi puaʻa.
ʻAʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana, e ʻimi wale. Uhi ʻia ka pūnana kinipōpō me ka limu a mauʻu mauʻu paha. I loko o ka mahina, hoʻomōhala ka keiki: hāmama nā maka, ʻike ʻia ka lauoho, ʻike ʻia kahi pale maka ma ka maka. Hoʻomaka ka hānai ʻana me nā meaʻai holoholona: nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, nā kolo.
ʻAʻole mālama nā kāne i ka ʻōpio. I ka hāʻule, loaʻa i nā pēpē ke kūʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o nā wahine a lilo i mau mea mehameha, e waiho ana i ka pūnana. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi kolamu i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i 2-4 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana, hoʻonui ka manawa i 8-9 mau makahiki.
Hoihoi ia poʻe haʻi ʻōlelo ʻā, ua makemake kūʻai holoholona a hoʻokamaʻāina ia. Mālama wale ia. Ma nā mahiʻai, aia nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻohua i nā kolamu i mea e loaʻa ai nā ʻili huluhulu, waiwai i waena o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Akā i nā pono pāʻoihana, ua lanakila ka mink, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ia mea.
