ʻO Loshak He holoholona holoa ke ʻano me he hoki lā. I ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki, no ka mea ʻo ia nā hopena o nā hana koho kanaka. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā holoholona i nā hoki a me nā miula e pili ana i ka hiki ke hana, no laila, ua liʻiliʻi lākou. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā lio ma nā ʻāina o ʻAkia Waena.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Loshak
ʻO ka Loshak he keʻa i waena o ka lio lio a me ka hoki wahine. Hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, a me nā hoki, i ka wā lōʻihi i hala - hoʻi i ka Middle Ages. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hybrids mua o nā hoki a me nā hinnies ma ʻAkia Waena. A laila ua aʻo koke ka poʻe i ka hānau holoholona ma ʻIrana, ʻAigupita.
Ua hakakā ke kanaka e hana a ulu i ka ikaika hana. ʻO ka hana mua ka loaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona i loaʻa ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ahonui. Ua ʻimi nā kānaka o ka wā waena e hoʻohana i nā holoholona ma ke ʻano he limahana ma ka ʻohana a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mea lawe. ʻO kekahi hana nui ka hiki ke hele pū me nā koa ma nā hoʻouka kaua lōʻihi, no ka lawe ʻana i nā holo lio wale nō, akā me nā mea kaua a me nā ʻaʻahu o nā koa.
Video: Loshak
ʻO nā hybrids holoholona mua i koi nui ʻia ma waena o nā poʻe nomadic a me nā huakaʻi huakaʻi o nā poʻe. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wahine e like me ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana, a ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kāne e hana i ka hana nui a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kaumaha. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia i ka hana paʻakikī i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelua mau makahiki.
Ma hope iho, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka poʻe hānai e hānau i nā miula i ka nui, ua hoʻoholo lākou he maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e koi nui i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole pono ka mālama kūikawā, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa wale ka mule ma nā ʻāina o ʻAkia Waena, ʻApelika, ma kekahi mau moku o ʻAmelika. I nā ʻāina he nui ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e komo i ka heihei lio amatir.
Ma ke ʻano he koho, koho ka poʻe i ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā hybrids:
- pūʻolo;
- mea kaua;
- holo kaʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Loshak i ke kūlohelohe
Ma waho, he like loa ka miula me ka hoki. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino ma ka mae ʻana mai ka 105 a i ka 160 kenimika. Pili ke kaupaona o ke kino i ka mahele o ka holoholona: kaupaona nā holoholona kope mai 300 a 500 mau kilokani, a ʻūlū i nā holoholona mai 280 a 400 kilokilo. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kala o ka holoholona mai ka makuahine. Nui a nui nā koho kala no ka holoholona. Hiki i nā holoholona ke māmā, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho, me ke kiʻekiʻe, e nā ʻano o nā mākua i hoʻohana ʻia no ke keʻa.
He mau pepeiao pokole ko ka miula, a hoʻoilina iā ia mai ka lio lio. I ke ʻano o ka miula, aia nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻomanaʻo nui i nā hiʻohiʻona lio. Kūlike ke ʻano o ke kumu a me nā lālā i nā lio. He ʻāpana nunui a pōkole ka miula a me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi. Ikaika a lako hoʻi ke kino. He mea nui ia, e like me nā lio, he bangs ka miula, kahi mane a me kahi huelo lōʻihi.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi: i ka hapanui o nā hihia, me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻano kūwaho o nā mākua, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻia o ka dimorphism moekolohe ka ʻano o nā hybrids. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui a me ke kaupaona ma mua o nā kāne.
He mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka mule i pili ʻole iā ia:
- laina pololei pololei;
- nā maka ʻaʻano ʻalemona;
- pololei, pōkole a mānoanoa ka ʻāʻī;
- nā lālā pōkole me nā mākala i hoʻomohala ʻia a me nā ʻūlū elongated;
- haahaa, mae wale.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hoki?
Kiʻi: Loshak ma Lūkia
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Central Asia ka ʻāina hānau mōʻaukala o ka hoki. I kēia lā ua noho mau nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia waena i kahi e waiho mau ai kēia mau hybrids-lio lio i ka koi.
Ma hea e noho ai nā hoki me ka hoʻohui o Central Asia:
- Kōlea;
- ʻāpana o Transcarpathia;
- nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa;
- Nā ʻāina ʻApelika;
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
- ʻAmelika Hema.
Maʻalahi loa ka mālama ʻana iā Loshakos, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e koi i nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana a me ka lako o ka meaʻai. Mālama ʻia nā holoholona i kēlā mau ʻāina kahi e hana nui ai ka poʻe, mahi i ka ʻāina, ʻohi i nā mea kanu nui, a hakakā no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā wahi mauna, kahi e hoʻohana ai lākou i ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana mai kahi kihi a i kahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā holoholona nā waiwai kūikawā o ka hooves. ʻAʻole pono ke kāmaʻa kāmaʻa i nā holoholona, akā ʻoiai me ka ʻole o nā kāmaʻa lio, hele maʻalahi lākou ma waena o nā kuahiwi, ma ka ʻalae, nā ala i uhi ʻia e ka hau.
Ma loko o ka ʻāina ʻApelika, a ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau, hoʻohana ʻia nā ungulate e lawe i nā mea kaua, nā pōkā a me nā lole no nā koa koa. I kekahi mau ʻāina, me kā lākou kōkua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka lako o nā mines a me nā wahi o kona lawe ʻia ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole.
ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā kūlana kūikawā e mālama i ka holoholona. Pono wale ʻo ia i kahi moena paʻa a maloʻo, a me kahi wai lawa a me nā meaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo pū kekahi, nā mea hānai a ungulate, he mea pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou mau kui i kekahi manawa a kāhili i ko lākou lauoho a me ka mane. Inā lawa ka meaʻai a me ka wai i ka miula, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui kokoke i nā ʻano pae a me nā aniau.
He aha ka hinny e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: hinny keʻokeʻo
Ma nā mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka miula i nā mea nona nā pilikia kūikawā. Pono nā mea hānai Ungulate e hoʻolako i ka protein i mea e kūkulu ai i ka nui o nā mākala.
He aha ka mea e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai:
- mauʻu;
- ʻākala;
- nā huaʻai hou - apples;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- nā mea kanu - kaʻuala, kulina, kāloti;
- cereals - ʻoats, rai;
- legume.
ʻO kahi hinterland kahi hybrid o kahi lio lio a me kahi hoki, ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka papaʻai o kahi hinny e hoʻohui i nā hiʻohiʻona hānai o ka hoki a me ka lio. ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai he mauʻu, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, nā mea kanu hou, mauʻu. ʻO ka nui o ka mauʻu e pono ai ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Ma ka awelika, hoʻokahi hinnie e pono ai i 6-8 mau kilogram o ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me 3-3.5 kilokika o kahi hui kaulike. Hiki ke kūʻai a hoʻomākaukau paha kēia hui ʻana e ʻoe iho ma ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, ka palaoa.
No nā keiki hipa, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3-4 mau kilogram o ka mauʻu i wae ʻia a mauʻu mauʻu paha i koi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka ulu o ka holoholona, pono pono e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka meaʻai a hoʻonui i kāna papaʻai. He mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai i ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā o ka wela o ke kauwela, hoʻonui ka pono o ka wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Loshak
ʻO ke ʻano o ka miula nā mea maikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole. Hāʻawi pinepine nā holoholona i ka paʻakikī a me ka hoʻolohe ʻole mai ko lākou makuahine. Kūkākūkā nā Zoologists he hiki ʻole ke wānana mua i kahi mau ʻano e hoʻoilina ʻia e ka hybrid mai kona makuahine, mai kona makuakāne mai. Me ka paʻakikī, ka mālie, kaohi, ka maʻamau a me ka hoʻomanawanui nui e noho pono ana iā lākou. Hiki i nā holoholona piha i ka huakaʻi ke hele i kahi mamao - a i 10-13 mau kilomita ke kū ʻole. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau ʻano waiwai i waena o ka poʻe noho ma kahiki a me nā wahi kaʻawale loa a me kēlā mau wahi mamao aku mai ka nohona a me nā wahi noho.
Hoʻokani nā lio i nā leo e like me ka huikau o nā lio e pili ana a me ka uē o ka hoki. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki kūpono a me nā wahi mamao. Manaʻo nā mea hānai a Hinny i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole i kahi pono nui, ka mea e hoʻomaʻalahi i ko lākou mālama ʻana a hoʻonui i ke ola o nā holoholona. Noho kekahi mau kānaka no 60-70 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke koe hana piha no 30-35 mau makahiki.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe Zoologists i kēia mau ʻano o ka mule:
- ahonui;
- hoʻomanawanui;
- mālie;
- undemanding i ka meaʻai a me ka mālama;
- ʻāpana
Inā mālama pono ka mea nāna ka holoholona, pili koke ʻo ia iā ia a pane me ke ahonui a me ka hoʻolohe. Kūkākūkā nā Zoologists ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā holoholona no ke aʻo ʻana mai ka wā ʻōpio. No laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kā lākou hoʻololi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kūlana hou o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, pili kokoke me kahi kanaka.
Paipai ʻia e ʻumeʻume i nā holoholona e hana i nā hana kaumaha ma mua o ʻekolu a ʻekolu a me ka hapa makahiki. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapalua, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui mālie i ka ukana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He mau miula
ʻO kekahi o nā mea pohihihi maopopo ʻole o ka miula ʻo ia ka sterility. Hānai ʻia nā holoholona i ka hele ʻana i nā lio lio me nā hoki. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kāne āpau i hānau ʻia i kēia ala ke hoʻohua keiki. Ma waena o nā wahine, aia paha he mau kānaka hiki ke hana i nā keiki. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hemahema mai ke kuhi o ka ʻepekema e kahi chromosome kikoʻī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hoʻokele nā ʻepekema e hoʻokumu i kēlā me kēia wahine i hiki ʻole ke hāpai keiki hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā makuahine pani hakahaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hānau i nā keiki ma hope o ko lākou kanu ʻia ʻana me kahi embryo. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e nā mea hoʻohua e hoʻohua i nā keiki mai nā ʻano lio maʻamau ʻole.
Ma muli o ka hānai ʻole o nā kāne, hoʻolei ʻia lākou i ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki ʻelua. ʻAʻole pono nā keiki keiki hānai hou i kekahi ʻike kūikawā a me nā mākau. Pono ʻoe e mālama iā lākou ma ke ʻano like me nā foal liʻiliʻi. Ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua makaʻala loa lākou i ke anuanu a me nā kikoʻī. Inā hānau ʻia nā pēpē i ke kau anuanu, pono lākou e mālama i loko o ka hale lele, insulated insulated. Hiki ke lawe i nā ʻāpana i waho i ka lewa ākea, akā pono lākou ma laila ma mua o 2.5-3 mau hola i ka lā.
Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, pono nā holoholona i waho i ka wā hiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi holoholona he 35-40 mau makahiki. Ke mālama ʻia i nā kūlana maikaʻi a hāʻawi ʻia me ka mālama kūpono, hoʻonui ke ola i 50-60 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā miula
Kiʻi: Loshak i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka Loshak kahi holoholona i mālama wale ʻia ma ka home. No laila, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ka hoʻomau mau o ka pale ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻi ʻo ia, no laila ʻaʻohe maʻi maʻamau i nā holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, wehewehe mau nā zoologist i nā pilikia a me nā hoʻoweliweli i ke ola a me ke olakino o nā holoholona. Loaʻa nā hopena o Achondroplasia i nā hoʻololi o ka fetus a me nā keiki kāne hou. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka mutation a me nā pathology i nā keiki hānau he pōkole pōkole, nā lālā pōkole e pili ana i ke kino, a me kahi kino pōkole loa.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona e nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract, hooves, nā maʻi o nā hono. I ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka noho o ka miula, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kēia mau maʻi.
Nui a hewahewa nā pathologies i hiki i kekahi manawa ke kū i kēia mau holoholona.
- avitaminosis... Kū ʻia ia me ka meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole, kūpono ʻole a kaulike ʻole paha. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho i ka lethargy, hoʻemi i ka hana, ka lilo o ka lauoho.
- lymphangitis epizootic... He maʻi maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e cryptococcus.
- NA MAKANI... He maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria ponoʻī. Inā kuhi ʻia kahi hinny me kēia maʻi pilikino, e nānā ʻia, no ka mea he mea weliweli ia ʻaʻole wale i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, akā i nā kānaka pū kekahi.
- maʻi hānau... ʻO ka causative agents kahi trypanosome. Uhi ʻia ke kino o nā holoholona me nā ʻāpala nunui, hoʻonui ka genital a lilo i lahilahi, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi ke nānā ʻia ka palalysis o ka hapa hope o ke kino.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Loshak
I kēia mau lā, ke hāʻule nei ka kaulana a me ke koi no kēia mau hybrids. Loaʻa kēia i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka puka ʻana o kahi nui o nā mīkini mahiʻai. Wahi a nā wānana a nā zoologists, i kēia lā nā holoholona o ka miula ma kahi o 4,000,000 - 5,000,000. I ke ao hou, ʻaʻole koi nui ʻia kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai nui ka poʻe e makemake e pani iā lākou me nā pono hana kūikawā. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā wahi kahi e waiho mau ai lākou i mau mea kōkua nui. Ma ʻAmelika, hānai nā mahiʻai pilikino i kēia mau holoholona ma kā lākou pā hale a hoʻohana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hana.
I kekahi mau ʻāina, lawe nui ʻia lākou no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū haʻuki, nā heihei. Maʻalahi lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ke holo nei ka mea ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻokahuli ʻana i nā ālaina, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele i luna o nā ālaina o nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole.
Hoʻomaopopo nā Zoologists ʻo nā ʻāina o Central Asia, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika e noho mau nei i alakaʻi i ka hānau a me ka helu o kēia mau ungulate. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole hana nā Europa i kēia holoholona. Aia ka nui o nā kānaka i ke kanaka a me ka pono e hānai i ka miula.
ʻO Loshak, e like me ka miula, he holoholona mālie loa, hoʻomanawanui a paʻakikī hoʻi. Inā hoʻomaka ʻo ia e capricious, a paʻakikī paha, pono ia e kālailai i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i ka holoholona, e loiloi paha i ka papaʻai.
Lā o ka paʻi ʻia: 04/19/2020
Lā hou: 18.02.2020 ma 19:06
