Palekana ia e ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻanela he lokomaikaʻi ʻo ia e like me ka ʻalani. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā wāwae lōʻihi a wīwī hoʻi me nā pepeiaohao nani i loaʻa nā piko nani e hana i kēia antelope iʻoi aku ka nani a me ka sophisticated. Ke nānā nei pehea e lele ai gazelle mai kekahi pōhaku i kekahi pōhaku, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike koke i kona māmā, ka dexterity a me ka lokomaikaʻi. E ʻike mākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ke kumu o kēia holoholona, e hōʻike i kona ʻano, nā ʻano, nā wahi punahele a me nā ʻano meaʻai, e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻenemi nui o nā gazelles i mea e maopopo ai i ka hana nui o kēia artiodactyls.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Jeyran
ʻO ka gazelle kahi mammal artiodactyl e pili ana i ka genelle a me ka ʻohana bovid. Pili pololei kēia genus i ka subfamily o nā antelope maoli. Ua hiki mai ka huaʻōlelo "gazelle" iā mākou mai ka ʻōlelo ʻAlapia. Ma ke ʻano laulā, he ʻano kēia o nā holoholona lohi a wāwae lōʻihi hoʻi, i hōʻoia ʻia e kona helehelena e ka gazela lokomaikaʻi. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā gazela, i waena o lākou hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻalani. Hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia antelope - he mau pepeiaohao wale nā kāne i nā gazela, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā gazela ʻē aʻe, kahi e hana ai nā kāne o nā kāne ʻelua ma ke ʻano he cuckolds.
No nā gazela kikoʻī, hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī loa hoʻi, nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho a me nā ʻili i kūlike me nā ʻano o nā gazela, ʻoiai he mau nuances a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. Ma ka laulaha, aia he 4 mau ʻāpana o nā gazela, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau ʻepekema e like me nā ʻāpana kaʻawale.
No laila, i waena o nā gazela he:
- Pelekia;
- Ōlelo Monokolia;
- Ōlelo Kuleke;
- ʻAlapia.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i waho, aneane like kēia mau ʻaoʻao, akā ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka panalāʻau o ko lākou noho paʻa. ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi, ka dexterity a me ka wikiwiki o nā gazela i mahalo nui i kekahi kanaka, no laila ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i nā moni a me nā peʻa leka o ka USSR mua, ʻo Kazakhstan, ʻo Azerbaijan a me Lūkia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Steppe gazelle
ʻO ka mea mua, e noʻonoʻo i nā ana o kēia mau antelope kupaianaha. Hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona makua mai 93 a 116 cm, a me ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i nā mea mae - mai 60 a 75 cm. ʻO ka nui o nā gazelles mai 18 a 33 kg. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, nā kāne wale nō e hana ma ke ʻano he cuckolds i nā gazela. ʻEleʻele ko lākou mau pepeiaohao lira nani, 28 a 30 knm ka lōʻihi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke ʻano o nā apo i hala. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻia nā wahine i nā pepeiaohao, akā i kekahi manawa aia nā hiʻohiʻona me nā pepeiaohao rudimentary liʻiliʻi mai 3 a 5 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO Jeyrans he mau mea wāwae wāwae lōʻihi, ʻoluʻolu a lahilahi ko lākou mau lālā, akā ikaika a ʻoi hoʻi nā mākia ma luna o lākou, kahi mea e kōkua ai i ka neʻe wikiwiki a me ka dexterous o kēia mau gazela ma ka lepo pōhaku a me ka pālolo. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono ʻole nā wāwae o nā anela no ka neʻe ʻana ma ke kapeta hau, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa nā gazela i ka hoʻomanawanui nui ʻana, no laila make pinepine lākou ke hana lākou i ka hoʻololi lōʻihi.
Video: Jeyran
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kala o kēia mau holoholona, a laila, no ka hapa nui, one (luna o ke kino a me nā ʻaoʻao). ʻIke ʻia ke kala keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻōpū a ma loko o nā wāwae. I ka hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he "aniani". He ʻeleʻele ke kihi o ka huelo, kū i waho i ka ʻokoʻa i ke kua keʻokeʻo, a ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻeleu wikiwiki ka gazela. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho, kāhea pinepine ka poʻe iā ia ʻo "ka huelo ʻeleʻele". ʻO ka mahele o ka hairline i loko o ka undercoat a me nā lauoho kiaʻi ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia i nā gazela. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ko lākou kapa ma mua o nā kapa kau wela. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kapa o ka lole hoʻoilo mai 3 a 5 cm, a i ke kauwela ʻaʻole ia i hiki i 1.5 cm. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ua pōkole nā lauoho ma ka maka a me nā wāwae ma mua o ke koena o ke kino o ka antelope.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā ʻōkalakala ʻōpio i kahi ʻano ikaika o ka maka, kahi kiko ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ke alahaka o ka ihu a ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i huki ʻia mai nā maka o ka antelope a i nā kihi o kona waha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻeneka?
Kiʻi: Jeyran i ka wao akua
Hāʻawi ʻo Jeyrans i kā lākou makemake i nā pāpū a me nā puʻu iki, nā wao nahele e wili ana, kahi paʻa ka lepo. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia antelope hanohano ma nā wahi o nā ala mauna a ma nā wahi o nā awāwa palupalu. Ma muli o nā peculiarities i ke ʻano o nā lālā, ua hōʻalo kēia mau holoholona i nā kahakai one nui loa, ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ke kau kau.
Lawe pinepine nā gazela i nā wao nahele a me nā waoakua, e noho ana:
- nā waonahele semi-saltwort;
- semi-shrub saltwort semi-deserts;
- wao akua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā mea kanu i nā panalāʻau o ka noho mau o nā gazela hiki ke loli a ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Hoʻohui pinepine kēia mau antelope i ke ola ʻana i ka nui o nā wao akua pōhaku ʻaneʻane ʻole.
Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i nā panalāʻau e noho ana i nā gazelle, pono e hoʻomaopopo e noho nei lākou i kēia manawa.
- i ʻIrana;
- ma ke komohana o Pakistan;
- ma ka hema o Mongolia;
- ma Afghanistan;
- ma ka mokuna o Kina;
- I Kazakhstan;
- Keokia;
- Kaikikana;
- Takisitana;
- Usepekikana;
- Tukemenikana.
ʻO ko mākou ʻāina, e like me ka nohona o ka mōʻaukala, i ka wā i hala iho nei, ua noho nā gazelles ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Dagestan, akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lākou e hui ma laila, makemake lākou i ka wao nahele a me nā wahi waoakua o nā mokuʻāina i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei.
He aha ka ʻai a ka gazelle?
Kiʻi: Antelope gazelle
ʻAʻole ia he mea e pīhoihoi ai ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻohe kūpilikiʻi nā gazelles, no ka mea, noho lākou i ka wao nahele a me nā wahi waoakua e liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻohe pono e picky, no laila ʻoliʻoli nā gazela i loaʻa iā lākou i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi ascetic, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana, keu hoʻi i ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo, ka palena loa.
I kēia wā, loaʻa kahi meaʻai māmā nā gazelles:
- kakalaioa kāmelo;
- hodgepodge;
- wormwood;
- nā lālā saxaul;
- prutnyak;
- ephedra;
- ka papa o ka tamarisks.
I ke kauwela a me ka puna, ʻoi aku ka momona a me ka momona o ka papa kuhikuhi, no ka mea hou hou ke ola o nā mea kanu. I loko o kēia wā, hiki i nā gazela ke ʻai i nā cereala ʻāhiu, nā kāpena, nā ferulu, nā pā, nā ʻaka, i kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i ka palaoa, melon, legume. Ma ke ʻano he poʻe noho wao nahele, maʻa ka poʻe gazela ke hele me ka inu ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa ka lua wai kokoke loa ma kahi o 10 a 15 km, no laila inu nā antelope i ka wai i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule a ʻelima mau lā paha.
Ma nā kahakai i hoʻopiha ʻia e nā nāhelehele, hoʻāʻo nā gazela ʻaʻole e inu, no ka mea hiki i nā ʻano mea ʻaihue ke hūnā ma laila. No kahi lua hoʻoinu, koho nā antelope i kahi ākea a pālahalaha, e hele ana i kahi piʻi no ka wai i ke ahiahi a i ʻole ke wanaʻao. Hana kēia mau holoholona āpau no kā lākou palekana iho. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa a me ka wai paʻakai (e laʻa me ka Caspian Sea) hoʻohana ʻia e nā gazela, e hoʻokū hou ana i kā lākou unpretentiousness e pili ana i nā makemake o ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Jeyran mai ka Red Book
E like me nā aniani ʻē aʻe, makaʻala loa ka makaʻu a makaʻu hoʻi, hana lākou me ka noʻonoʻo nui i nā leo kānalua a me nā walaʻau. Inā ʻike ka antelope i ke ʻano o ka makaʻu, a laila hoʻomaka koke ia e heʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i kona wikiwiki mai 55 a 60 km i kēlā me kēia hola. Loaʻa i nā wahine me nā pēpē kahi ʻano hoʻopakele ʻokoʻa loa - makemake lākou, e hūnā i ka nahele i nā manawa weliweli.
ʻOiai no nā holoholona holoholona nā gazela, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui i ka wā kokoke i ka hoʻoilo. I nā mahina mehana, makemake kēia mau gazela e noho hoʻokahi a i ʻole i kahi hui liʻiliʻi, kahi e hiki ai i nā ʻelima ʻelima wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo kēia nā holoholona ʻōpio o ka makahiki i hala a me nā wahine wahine pā ʻole.
Me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ke anuanu, hoʻomaka nā gazela i ka hōʻiliʻili i loko o nā bipi nui, kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa mai nā kakini a i mau haneli mau holoholona. Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻohana antelope i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hele wāwae mai 25 a 30 km i hoʻokahi lā. Me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka nā wahine i ke kūlana e haʻalele i ka pūʻā ma mua, a laila ka huli ʻana o nā kāne makua moekolohe ma hope, a ukali ʻia e kā lākou holoholona a me nā ʻōpio ikaika i lawa.
Mea hoihoi: I ka hoʻoilo, hana nā gazela i ke ao, a i ka pō a me ka pō hoʻomaha lākou i nā moena i ʻeli ʻia i ka hau, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma hope o kekahi puʻu i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho i ka makani anuanu. I ke kauwela, nā anelope, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, hānai i nā hola o ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, a hoʻomaha i ka malu i kahi lā sultry.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Steppe gazelle
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻo nā gazela he mau māmela hui e noho i loko o nā pipi, kahi e auwana ai ke komo ke anu anuanu. A i ka hāʻule, hoʻomaka nā kāne makua i kahi heihei hana. Kaha lākou i kā lākou waiwai me ka excrement, kahi a lākou e hoʻokomo ai i nā lua i eli ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo "rutting latrines."
Mea hoihoi: I ka wā o ka rut, lilo nā kāne i mea hakakā, ʻākoakoa pinepine iā lākou iho i mau wahine āpau a lākou e pale ai me ka luhi ʻole mai nā mea i komo i loko o nā ʻaihue ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka paio no ka ʻāina a me ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i ka nānā ʻana o ka wahine a hiki i kahi i eli ai kekahi mau keonimana i nā māka o haʻi a pani iā lākou me kā lākou iho.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine he 6 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā keiki bipi i ka manawa o Malaki a kokoke paha i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau pēpē. I kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana o nā keiki, hoʻāʻo ka poʻe makuahine e noho kaʻawale, mai kahi kāne aku, e koho ana i kahi kūpono no ka hānau hānau, kahi e kau ai ma kahi ākea, kahi e ulu ai ka ulu lāʻau lahilahi, a i loko o kahi hollow, hilinaʻi pono ʻia mai nā makani anuanu.
Kaupaona nā pēpē ma kahi o ʻelua mau kilo, akā hiki iā lākou ke kū koke i ko lākou mau wāwae a hilinaʻi loa. I loko o nā pule mua o ko lākou oʻo ʻana, loaʻa i nā keiki bipi nā puʻuhonua i loko o nā ululāʻau, kahi a lākou e makemake ai e peʻe, a ʻo kahi makuahine mālama iā ia iho e kipa iā lākou, e hānai iā lākou i ka waiū umauma he 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā cubela cubs he wikiwiki loa ia. I loko o ka malama mua o ke ola, loaʻa ke kaumaha e like me ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o kahi holoholona makua.
Ua lilo nā keiki bipi i mākua a kokoke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki, ʻoiai ua hala kekahi mau wahine i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki no ka manawa mua e loaʻa nā keiki. Ua oʻo kolohe nā kāne ma 1.5 mau makahiki wale nō. I ko lākou kūlohelohe, hiki i nā gazela ke noho ma kahi o 7 mau makahiki, a i ka noho pio ʻana, 10 mau mea āpau.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka gazela
Kiʻi: Jeyran i ka wao akua
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke ola no kahi gazelle goitered nani, palupalu a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻomanawanui kūikawā. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻenemi he nui i ke ala, nā anelope makua a ʻōpio hoʻi. Ma waena o nā mea makemake nui ʻole a makaʻu ʻole hoʻi i nā gazelles, maliʻa paha, hiki i kekahi ke kapa aku i nā ʻīlio hae, ʻo ka hapanui o nā gazelles āpau e make i nā niho o kēia mau moʻo kikoʻī i ka hoʻoilo, ke nui ka hau, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā antelope momona a pōloli ke holo i kahi weliweli.
Me nā ʻīlio hae, alualu ʻia nā gazela ma ke panalāʻau o Turkmenistan e nā cheetahs a me nā caracals. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpio nawaliwali loa i ʻike ʻole, ka make ʻana o lākou e hiki i ka 50 pākēneka kokoke i ke kauwela, he mea weliweli loa ia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o nā keiki bipi ʻōpio a hānau hou pū kekahi:
- ʻalopeke;
- nā aeto gula;
- ʻekueʻa;
- ʻīlio hihiu;
- ʻaeto ʻaeto;
- ilina;
- buzzards nui.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ke kali nei ka weliweli i nā gazela ʻaʻole wale ma ka honua, akā mai ka lewa pū kekahi. ʻAʻole mālama ke ʻano ʻoʻoleʻa i kēia mau māmela, ʻo ka make e hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ke uhi paʻa mau nei ka hau. Hiki iā Jeyrans ke make i ka pōloli, no ka mea ma lalo o kahi papa hau paʻa ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ka neʻe ʻana i loko o nā hau hau, a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka pākī, ʻeha ia i nā holoholona a hiki nō hoʻi ke alakaʻi i ka make, aneane hiki ʻole ke hūnā mai nā mea ʻino i kēlā mau wā. Mai poina e pili ana i ka poʻe nāna i hōʻino nui i ka heluna kanaka o ka gazelle, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi alualu hana a aloha ʻole iā lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Jeyran
I nā kenekulia i hala aku nei, nui ka heluna o nā gazelles ma nā wahi semi-waoakua a me nā wao akua o nā mokuʻāina he nui. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o nā kamaʻāina kūloko ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi nui i kāna helu. Ua hānai ʻo Antelope i ka poʻe me ka ʻono ʻono (a i 15 kg mai hoʻokahi gazela goitered), hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ʻili ikaika loa, akā ʻo ke kuko ʻole o ke kanaka no ka loaʻa kālā i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻomaka kēia mau mammals e hoʻopau ʻia i ka wikiwiki o ka uila a ma kahi pālākiō nui. Me ke kōkua o nā kaʻa, ua aʻo ka poʻe i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā pūʻā antelope i loko o nā pahele, nā makapō o nā holoholona me nā kukui ʻōlinolino, a laila hoʻokō lākou i kahi lehulehu o nā artiodactyls, he mea weliweli loa ke kiʻi o lākou.
Aia he hōʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 2000, ʻo ka heluna o nā gazelles ma kahi o 140 tausani mau holoholona, akā e like me ka helu helu o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano wikiwiki o kona emi ʻana e kekahi kolu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hopohopo. ʻAʻole loaʻa ʻo Jeyrans i kēia manawa ma Azerbaijan a me Turkey. I ka nui o Kazakhstan a me Turkmenistan, ua hāʻule ka nui o kā lākou holoholona i nā manawa he nui.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui a me ke kumu o ka pilikia o kēia artiodactyls ka hana noʻonoʻo ʻole a me ka manaʻo pilikino o nā kānaka, pili i nā holoholona ʻaʻole wale (poachers), akā no ka ʻole (hoʻemi i nā wahi noho ma muli o ka palau ʻana o ka ʻāina a me ka hana ʻana i nā wahi hānai). Ma muli o kahi kūlana weliweli e pili ana i ka helu, ua lawe ʻia nā ʻano hana pale e hoʻōla hou i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau gazela kupaianaha, kahi ʻano ʻino nāwaliwali i kēia manawa.
ʻO gazela goitered
Kiʻi: Jeyran mai ka Red Book
Minamina, akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā gazela i koe, no laila hoʻomaka ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo e hiki ke nalo loa kēia antelope mai ke alo o ka Honua. I kēia manawa ua helu ʻia ʻo gazelle i loko o ka International Book Red, me ke kūlana o kahi "ʻano palupalu" o nā holoholona. I loko o ka puke ʻula o Kazakhstan, helu ʻia ka gazelle ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ʻole, ka helu mau e emi mau nei. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka gazelle ʻo Goitered ka puke ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo nā kumu palena nui e pili ana i ka hana a ke kanaka, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai i ke ola a me nā wahi noho o nā holoholona. Ke hoʻomau nei nā Poachers i ke kī kīnā ʻole ʻana i nā gazela, ʻoiai e pāpā ikaika ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no lākou. Ke hoʻoneʻe nei ka poʻe i kēia mau holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai kā lākou mau wahi o ka hana mau, e ʻūlū hou ana i ka ʻāina a hoʻonui i ka wahi o nā wahi holoholona no nā holoholona.
Ma waho aʻe o ka papa inoa ʻia ʻana i nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula, nā hana pale e mālama ai i kēia mau holoholona.
- ka hoʻohua ʻana o nā gazela i nā mālama, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā kūlana āpau no ko lākou ola ʻoluʻolu;
- pāpā ākea i ka hopu holoholona a hoʻonui i ka uku hoʻopaʻi no ka ʻaihue;
- ʻike a me ka pale ʻana o nā panalāʻau kahi e nui ai nā gazela, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ke kūlana o nā wahi pale.
I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe e huki i ka nui o ka ʻike i ka pilikia o ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻanela. No laila, i ka hoʻolauleʻa makahiki ma Azerbaijan i kapa ʻia ʻo "Maiden Tower", hōʻike pinepine nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia mau antelope nani i nā kū nui, e hāʻawi ana i ke kumu e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i kā lākou mau helu e emi iho nei a me nā hana noʻonoʻo ʻole, luku, a kanaka hoʻi.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i kēlā, ma ke ʻano gazelle nani a nani hoʻi, ʻo ia e like me ka pale ʻole a palupalu hoʻi. Pono e mahalo i kēia holoholona akahai a makaʻu hoʻi, e mālama a mahalo hoʻi i nā wahi o kona wahi noho mau, e hoʻāʻo e kāohi i nā hana kū ʻole i ke kānāwai a me nā hana kolohe ʻole, a laila e lilo ka honua a puni i mea ʻoluʻolu a mālamalama hoʻi, a hiki i nā gazela ke ʻoliʻoli i ko lākou ola hauʻoli.
Ka lā paʻi: 02.02.2020
Lā hou: 17.12.2019 ma 23:27
