Mea hana paipu He wīwī palupalu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ka lōʻihi o kona hiki i 20 cm. Hiki i ka helu o nā ʻāpana o ke kino mai 34 a 120 a loaʻa ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao kahi ʻāpana luna a me lalo o nā hulu chitinous (bristles), i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kanu ʻana. Hiki ke ʻulaʻula ka ilo ma muli o ke kū ʻana o ka hemoglobin pigment respiratory. He hermaphrodite kēia ʻano me kahi ʻōnaehana hānau paʻakikī.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Tubeman
ʻO ka tubifex, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka ilo worm a i ʻole ka worm sewer, kahi ʻano worm-like segmented worm e noho nei i ka loko a me nā sediment muliwai ma kekahi mau ʻāina nui. Pākuʻi ʻia paha ka tubifex i kekahi mau ʻano, akā paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o lākou no ka mea ʻo nā mea hānau, hoʻohana mau ʻia e ʻike ai i nā laha, hoʻopili hou ʻia ma hope o ka male ʻana, a no ka mea ua loli nā ʻano kūwaho o ka ilo me ka paʻakai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: kapa ʻia pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻenuhe sewage, nā tubuleworms he wai anelidela hou ia no ka ʻohana Naidid. ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻepekema lākou iā Tubifex Tubifex, hele mai ko lākou inoa maʻamau mai ko lākou hele pinepine ʻana i nā wai haumia.
Video: Pipeman
Maʻalahi maʻalahi kēia mau ilo i ka mahi ʻana, akā hoʻokahi mahina a ʻoi paha ka mahina no kahi hua e hōʻea i ka pae o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana. ʻO Limnodrilus udekemianus ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka leʻaleʻa aquarium. Hiki i ka tubule ke kumu i kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi poʻe. No laila, pono e holoi i nā lima ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia meaʻai.
Aia he ʻelua ʻano tubule i ulu a kūʻai ʻia e like me ka hānai iʻa:
- tubule ʻula (Tubifex tubifex), i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu no 100 mau makahiki. Ma muli o ka hānai ʻana o nā tubulers i nā koʻohune anaerobic, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻōpū i ka iʻa (ʻona ʻai, ka hapanui) a me septicemia (ʻo ia hoʻi ka lāʻau make koko);
- tubifex ʻeleʻele, kahi ʻano like akā ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka tubifex ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka pale aku i ka maloʻo ʻana a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi i ka iʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mea hana paipu
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā tubules, symmetrical bilaterally, nā worm paukū liʻiliʻi me nā wēlau hoʻoheheʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kino ʻehā mau setf o setae (chitinous setae e puka mai ana mai ke kino). Hoʻohālikelike ka nui o nā hulu i ka nui a me ke ʻano, a ma waena hoʻi o nā ʻohana, a no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻike.
ʻIke kūpono, a me ka anatomy kūloko paha, e koi ʻia ana paha ka ninaninau ʻia ʻana o microscopic, a he mea kūpono nō hoʻi ia e nānā i nā mea ulu hānau paʻakikī. ʻO ka helu o nā gonad, ke kūlana o kekahi gonad e pili ana i kekahi, a me nā ʻāpana o ke kino e kū ai lākou e hoʻohana ʻia ai e wehewehe i nā ʻohana. I nā tubulers, hoʻohana ʻia ke kinona o ke duct kāne e hoʻoholo ai i ka genus.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka tubule penei:
- lōʻihi, lahilahi, māhele ʻulaʻula;
- ʻaʻohe wahi kuanaʻike;
- nā ho'āʻo ma ka ʻāpana kino X a me nā pores kāne ma ka ʻāpana XI;
- nā ovaries i ka ʻāpana kino XI a me spermatheca (invagination saccular o ka paia o ke kino e loaʻa ka sperm i ka manawa o ka copulate) i ka ʻāpana X;
- nā lauoho dorsal setae a me nā pectinate setae i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka ʻāpana kino II;
- setae huluhulu (maikaʻi a me ka tapering) a me pectinate setae (ʻelua mau hopena me kahi niho o nā niho waena liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā kiko ʻelua) i loko o nā kuʻi dorsal o ka setae;
- aia nā bilālua (pālua) nā setae i nā koʻi ventral o setae;
- huluhulu paha;
- ʻaʻohe setae genital ma nā hiʻohiʻona mākua;
- pōkole, paipu, lahilahi a wili hoʻi nā wāwae o ka peni.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mea hana paipu?
Kiʻi: Ka mea hana paipu i ka wai
Pili pili ka tubifex i nā ʻenue honua, akā ʻike ʻia ia i loko o nā wai a i ʻole ma kahi o nā wahi semi-ʻelemu. Ma muli o kahi e noho ai, kahi o ka tubifex e lawe i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi he nui. Noho kūlohelohe ka mea hana paipu i ka wai kahe, keu hoʻi i ka wai hoʻohaʻahaʻa a wehe i nā kahawai me kahi meaola kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: Noho nā paipu i nā ʻano kai like ʻole, e like me nā ʻōnaehana humuhumu. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia lākou me nā wai mālie e paʻa ana ka nui o ka silt a me nā meaola palaho. Hiki i nā mea he nui ke ʻae i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā meaola pollutants.
No laila, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻailona o ke kūlana wai maikaʻi ʻole. Ke ʻike nā kaiaolaola e kahe ana iā lākou i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili, loaʻa iā lākou kahi hōʻailona aia paha kekahi mea ma waho o ke kaulike i ka ʻōnaehana kahe. Ke nui nā tubifexes, hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā wahi nui o ka sediment, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻulaʻula i ka lepo. Hoʻopili lākou i kekahi manawa i nā mea kanu i lalo o ka wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke haʻahaʻa loa ka oxygen, hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka papa.
Noho ka tubifex i ka lepo cohesive i nā wahi like ʻole a hoʻomanawanui i ka nele o ka oxygen. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā sediment haumia a me nā wahi noho liʻiliʻi i noho ʻole ʻia e nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, e laʻa, i nā estuaries o luna, kahi o ka salinity waena ma lalo o 5%.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka mea hana paipu. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia ilo.
He aha ka mea e hana ai ka mea hana paipu?
Kiʻi: Tubifex worm
Pili nā tubules wai me ka detritus, ka lepo, ka wai mālie, a me nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa - ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, maikaʻi ʻole ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ko lākou poʻe kaikunāne, nā ʻenewini, hoʻopōʻaiapuni lākou i nā meaola, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā moena algal i decompates i loko o nā substrates, a he mea nui i ka kaulaʻai. E like me nā ʻenuhe (ʻai i ka lepo), he ilo nā tubule i nā ʻai i nā mea ulu a lākou i ulu ai.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka tubifex i mahi ʻia i hānai ʻia i hānai ʻia mai kahi loko iʻa trout, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ola nei lākou i ka manure iʻa. Pono ʻole e ʻōlelo, hoʻolilo kēia iā lākou i mea foci no ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi bacterial a i ʻole nā maʻi maʻi parasite. Akā makemake nā iʻa wai hou i nā tubulers a ulu ma luna o lākou inā ʻohi pono.
Hiki i ka tubifex ke noho i nā wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia. Kanu ia i kona poʻo i loko o ka lepo e ʻai, e ʻae ana i ka huelo e haʻalulu i kēia manawa. E like me ka ʻenuhe, ʻai wale ka ʻenuhe tubifex wai wai i nā mea kanu make. Inā he holoholona make wai momona ʻiʻo ma kahi kokoke, e nau ʻo ia iā ia, no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e huakaʻi loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: He mea hana paipu ma ka home
Hūnā nā tubesmen a me ko lākou mau hoahānau i ko lākou mau poʻo i nā paipu liʻiliʻi i nā sediment, ʻo ke koena o ko lākou mau kino e piʻi aʻe i luna, e hoʻolana ana i ka wai. Kūkākūkā Gas (respiration) kū pololei ma o ka ʻili, ʻoiai e hānai ka lua o ka waha i ka decomposition o nā meaola mai ka substrate. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kā lākou ʻōpala i loko o ka wai, a ma kēia ʻano "hoʻohuli" nā tubifexes i nā sediment e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻenuhe honua.
Hiki i nā paipu ke ulu i nā kaiaola ʻilihune oxygen e like me nā loko wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai wai no ka mea he ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka asimilating o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o nā meaola ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ilo, ʻo ka maʻamau he 1 a 8.5 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, i loaʻa i nā paipu lepo a lākou e hana ai mai ka hui ʻana o ka lepo a me nā mucus. Eia nō naʻe, haʻalele pinepine lākou i kā lākou mau ʻaoʻao hope ma waho o nā paipu, e lūlū ana iā lākou a hana i kahi au e ʻae iā lākou e hōʻiliʻili i nā koina o ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
E like me nā koʻe, loaʻa i nā tubules nā pae hemoglobin kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Kamaʻāina lākou i nā mea makemake nui i ka aquarium e kūʻai pinepine iā lākou ma ke ʻano he protein kiʻekiʻe no kā lākou iʻa punahele. Kūʻai ʻia nā paipu i ka hau, hoʻomaloʻo, a i ʻole ola, ʻoiai ʻo kēia hana ke lilo nei i mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole loaʻa ākea ākea nā tubifexes e like me ka mea ma mua o ka hopohopo e loaʻa paha nā pathogens kanaka i loaʻa iā lākou mai nā wai haumia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: tubifex maʻamau
ʻAʻole hiki i nā paipu ke hana hou i nā ʻāpana o ke kino i nalo a ʻaʻole māhele ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau ʻāpana, e hana ana i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau kānaka. ʻAʻole asexual lākou, hana kolohe kēia mau mea i ka moekolohe. Aia nā genital ma kahi o ka ventral ʻāpana o ke kino.
He mea leʻaleʻa: he hermaphroditic nā tubules: hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka sperm a me kahi hua manu, a i ka wā o ka male ʻana, hoʻomomona kekahi mau hua i kekahi i kekahi.
He clitellum nā tubules makua, kahi kaha annular a i ʻole ʻano noho sad e pili ana i mua o ke kino (he ʻano like nā ʻenuhe honua). Hoʻopuni ʻo Clitellum ma kahi o 2 a 3 mau ʻāpana o ke kino, me nā ʻāpana e hua ai nā hua a me ka sperm, a hūnā i kahi cocoon pīpī e pale ai i nā hua momona a hiki i ka pā ʻana. ʻAʻohe o ka pae larval ʻokoʻa o Tubifexes; liʻiliʻi a ʻōpio wale nō nā ʻōpio. Ke ulu nei lākou, hoʻonui ko lākou lōʻihi ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻāpana hou ma mua koke o ka ʻāpana hope loa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, e pili ana i ka hoʻolilo o ka sperm ma waena o ʻelua mau kānaka, mālama ʻia ka sperm i loko o nā ʻeke i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka wahine hānau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau hua manu momona e like me ka cocoon. Hoʻokumu nā hua i loko o ke kōkō i loko o kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana, a ma ia manawa ua pau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ilo, lilo ia i ʻenuhe piha.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā tubulers
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka tubifex
He mea ʻai nui nā paipu no nā iʻa ʻōpio a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i ka wai. ʻIke ka poʻe Aquarist he meaʻai iʻa i makemake nui ʻia nā tubules. Loaʻa nā ilo i kahi ʻano maloʻo maloʻo. I kekahi manawa huli lākou i loko o nā pēpē cubic liʻiliʻi - meaʻai pet. I kēia manawa, i ka wā e ʻike ai ka aquarist i nā tubule ola i loko o ka aquarium - i loaʻa maʻa mau ʻia i ka ʻiliʻili i uhi ʻia i detritus - he hōʻailona kēia e pono ai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka aquarium. ʻO kēia mau ilo ʻoligochaete, kahi e ʻohiʻohi pinepine ʻia mai ka lepo i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka wai hoʻonoe, kahi meaʻai i makemake nui ʻia no kekahi iʻa tropical.
Loaʻa ka tubule ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai ola, paʻahau, a maloʻo paha. He mea waiwai nui kēia no nā kānaka ma ke ʻano he hostes o ka Myxobolus cerebralis parasite, ka mea e kumu i ka maʻi i nā waihona iʻa. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia hiki i nā ilo ʻē aʻe ke mālama i kēia parasite. No laila, e mālama pono i ka hānai ʻana i ka iʻa tubule ola i ka iʻa iʻa.
Pono e palekana ka tubule i hana ʻia me ke kālepa. Akā pono ʻoe e akahele me nā mea hana paipu haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka waihona kahiko. Kaulana kēia meaʻai i ka wā i hala, akā mai ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia parasite i nā ilo ilo, ua makaʻala ka poʻe hobbyist i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia, a ʻaʻole kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā ilo ilo i nā hale kūʻai.
ʻO Tubifex kahi meaʻai liʻiliʻi i kiʻekiʻe i ka protein, e kūpono ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻai. Akā pono ʻoe e akahele e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana iā lākou i nā paipu tubule i nā manawa āpau, no ka mea ʻaʻohe meaʻai hoʻokahi e hiki ai ke hōʻona i nā pono a pau o ka holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka tubifex i meaʻai maoli no ka iʻa ʻōpio i hana lōʻihi ʻia ma nā mahinaʻai mahiʻai a he meaʻai nui ia no ka ʻōnaehana ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pipeman
ʻO ka tubuleworms kahi ʻohana o nā ʻenuhe o ka ʻano annelid. Aia ma kahi o 17,000 mau ʻano o ka annelids a puni ka honua. Hoʻopili pū lākou i kā mākou worworm kamaʻāina, a me nā lepe a me nā ʻenuhe kai, nā ʻiliahi a me nā tubipe, i makemake nui ʻia i nā aquarium wai paʻakai. ʻO kēia mau ilo kohu palupalu. I nā annelids, koe wale nō ke poʻo a me ka huelo, a me ke kahawai digestive, nā aʻa nerve, a me nā kīʻaha koko e holo pū ana me ka holoholona, aia ke kino i kahi kaʻina lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana like like.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kā lākou ʻāpana ponoʻī, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, maʻamau me nā baffle e like me ka paia e hoʻokaʻawale ana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana mai kāna mau hoanoho ʻelua. ʻO nā constricts like me nā wrinkle e pili ana i ke kino e kūlike i ka septa ma waena o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka heluna tubifex i kahi kahawai waiwai waiwai i loaʻa i kahi ola ola makahiki me ka lōʻihi o ka hana hānau i ka wā hoʻoilo a me ka puna. Hana ʻia nā niu ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka mua o ka puna. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā cocoons i ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa a aia kekahi mau ilo ʻino i kēia manawa.
Ua loli ka nui o ka lehulehu ma waena o 5420 m-2 i ka waena o Kepakemapa a me 613,000 m-2 i ka waena o Mei. ʻO ka biomass kiʻekiʻe o ka heluna kanaka he 106 g maloʻo maloʻo m-2 (Malaki), a ʻo ka palena iki he 10 g maloʻo maloʻo m-2 (Kepakemapa). ʻO ka nui o ka hana ʻana he 139 g mika maloʻo m-2 a ʻo ka biomass makahiki he 46 g maloʻo maloʻo m-2.
Mea hana paipu He ilo wai me kahi māhele, kino e like me ka honua, puni i ka ʻāpana keʻa (ʻaʻole pālahalaha). ʻIke ʻia nā hulu liʻiliʻi i kekahi manawa. ʻAʻohe o lākou wāwae, ʻaʻohe poʻo a ʻaʻohe waha waha ʻike ʻia. Nui a hewahewa ke ʻano o ka tubule, ka hapanui o lākou he ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. Neʻe lākou e like me nā wormorms, e kīloi ana a hohola ana.
Lā paʻi: 12/27/2019
Lā hou: 11.09.2019 ma 23:42
