Rudd - ʻaihue maoli i ka wai maoli (ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi) - ola ka iʻa i nā kahawai a me nā loko ʻokoʻa, hānai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā larvae o nā ʻenuhe manu, nā ʻenuhe, a pēlā aku. Ua ʻaihea ka ʻula i kona inoa i nā ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ma nā wahi like ʻole kahi iʻa o kēia iʻa. , nā inoa kikoʻī wale nō. ʻO ka maka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, palule, mopie, hipa ʻeleʻele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui aku. Wahi a ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia au, no ka papa o ray-finned kēia iʻa, ka ʻohana carp.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Krasnoperka
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōmole e kahi kino kiʻekiʻe, pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, a me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi hoʻi. ʻOiʻoi kāna niho (hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, no ka mea he predatory ka iʻa), sawtooth a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani 2. Nui loa nā unahi o ka ʻōpala, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi - mānoanoa. Ma ke ʻano laulā, he mau unahi 37-44 ka rudd ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka rudd ke hōʻea i 50 knm, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kaupaona ʻia ka iʻa ma mua o 2-2.1 kg.
ʻOiai ma ka hapa nui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ka average rudd. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka rudd kekahi o nā iʻa ulu lohi (i ka makahiki 1 o ke ola, piʻi ka lōʻihi o kona kino i 4,5 mm wale nō), no laila hiki i nā mākua a me nā mea kahiko ke hōʻea i ka nui a me ke kaupaona i ʻōlelo ʻia. , e nā pae iʻa) nā kānaka.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻōuli e kona kala ʻōlinolino, ʻeleʻele kona kua i ke kala, me ka ʻōlinolino, i ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki. I kekahi mau mea kōkua, he brownish-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻĀlohilohi ka ʻonika o ka ʻōpū, silvery, a gula nā ʻaoʻao. Kūlohelohe, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula nā lau o ke kumu, kahi i hāʻawi ai i kona inoa. E pili ana i ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa, aia kahi kiko hoihoi loa. Ke waiho nei ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ke aniani o ke kala o nā ʻōpio e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻulaʻula makua a makua. Maliʻa paha, wehewehe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e nā kikoʻī o ka "oʻo ʻana" o kēia iʻa.
Video: Krasnoperka
ʻO ke ola o nā ʻōuli mai 10 a 19 mau makahiki. E pili ana i nā ʻano laha like ʻole - i kēia lā he mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka palaka, ʻokoʻa ʻole wale nō i nā kikoʻī o ko lākou helehelena, akā makemake pū kekahi i nā wahi noho ʻokoʻa (rudd, ʻoiaʻiʻo, noho wale nō ma nā kino wai Lūkia a me ʻEulopa - ʻike ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma nā wahi āpau).
ʻO Scardinius erythrophthalmus kahi rudd maʻamau i loaʻa i nā kino wai he nui ma ʻEulopa a me Lūkia. Ma ka awelika, hiki i kona lōʻihi o ke kino i 25 knm, a ʻo kona kaupaona he 400 g. Kākaʻikahi loa, ke ʻoi aku ia. Akā ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi a me ka akahele maoli, kaulana ka iʻa i waena o nā lawaiʻa amateur.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi ʻōlapa
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻopili pū nā lawaiʻa ʻike i ka rudd me kahi iʻa like a me nā mea maʻamau - roach. Maopopo iki kēia, no ka mea, maopopo leʻa ko lākou like waho. Akā me kēia, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻelua (ʻoiai ma mua o ka kuke ʻana a ʻai ʻia o ka mea pio.
No laila, pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka roach mai ka rudd:
- ʻoi aku ka ākea o ke kino o ke kino a kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ko ka moa. Ma waho aʻe, uhi liʻiliʻi ʻia ʻo rudd me ka ʻūlū;
- ʻaʻole i like ka nani o ke kala o ka roach a nani loa - ke nānā aku ke kele ke nānā aku he "mea nui" ia;
- ʻalani nā maka o ke ʻōmole, a ʻulaʻula ke koko o ka ʻoka;
- aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka hanana a me nā helu o nā niho. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Roach (iʻa herbivorous) ke kaena i nā niho kiko, a aia lākou i ka lālani hoʻokahi. I ke kumu o ka rudd, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike koke i 2 lālani o nā niho ʻoiʻoi a ikaika hoʻi, kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa;
- ʻo ka nui o nā unahi i ka roach ua ʻoi aku ka nui;
- aia he ʻokoʻa ma ka hana laha, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawaiʻa hiki ke koho wale ia ma ka lima. ʻO ka mea e ʻākoakoa ai ka roach i nā pua hipa nui loa, ʻoiai makemake ka rudd e noho "i loko o kekahi mau ʻohana".
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo Rudd?
Kiʻi: Rudd i ka wai
Koho ka rudd i nā wahi o nā kino wai i hoʻonui ʻia me ka limu a me nā ʻohe ma ke ʻano he wahi noho, me ka ʻole o ke kahe wikiwiki a i ʻole ka nele loa. No laila, ʻo nā wai o nā loko iʻa e kahe ana, nā loko, a me nā kahawai hoʻi mālie o nā kahawai he mau koho kūpono no rudd. ʻOiai ʻano ʻē ke kani ʻana, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Rudd i ka wai hou. A ʻo ke kū ʻana o kahi kahe ikaika nona ka mea nui i predetermines ka pono ʻole o kahi waihona i ka noho ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻohe paha e hopu ʻia ʻo rudd i ke kuahiwi, nā kahawai wikiwiki - ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā waihona wai.
ʻAneʻane hele ʻole ke ʻōmalo ma lalo o nā kahakai lana - kahi noho punahele a ka ʻelima i kēlā me kēia wā. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hū ka iʻa (ʻoiai i ka wela) ma lalo o nā ululāʻau a me nā aʻa e puka ana mai nā kapa. ʻO kēia, ma ke ala, kahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai ka roach - ʻoiai inā koi ʻia e kaʻana like i hoʻokahi wai me kahi hala, pili ia i nā wahi ākea ʻoi aku. A ʻauʻau, no ka hapa nui, kokoke i ka lalo. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Rudd ma kahi o ka ʻauʻau, nā alahaka a me nā kaupaku - akā inā ʻaʻohe mea kanu wai i kokoke.
E pili ana i kēia au, ʻae, ʻaʻole makemake ka rudd iā ia, akā ʻaʻohe āna mea e kūʻē ai i ka nāwaliwali, e waiho kokoke ana i ka hale wili palaoa. Kuhi kēia wahi i ke kumu lepo me ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka roach, a ʻo kēlā mau lawaiʻa i ʻike i ka nui o ka pīpī ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻoi aku o ka pololei, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ke pāʻani nei i ka ʻilikai, me ka ʻae like ʻana o ka iʻa i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka roach.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka rudd. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a Rudd?
Kiʻi: ʻōuli o ka iʻa
I ka ʻōlelo o ka papaʻai, he unpretentious loa ʻo rudd, ʻoiai ʻo ka predator maʻamau.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he omnivorous kēia iʻa, a ʻai ʻaneʻane i nā mea āpau e pono ai:
- nā larvae like ʻole o nā iʻa aquatic a me nā kolo ponoʻī iā lākou iho;
- ilo:
- caviar mollusk wai hou;
- kanu i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi: algae, plankton a me nā ʻōpio o nā mea kanu wai.
Aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona nui e pili ana i ka papaʻai - hoʻopau ʻo rudd ʻōpio i ka Zooplankton wale nō. A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke oʻo moekolohe a lākou e hoʻololi ai i "omnivorousness", e ʻai ana i nā meaʻai like ʻole. ʻO ka meaʻai a kahi makua makua, me ka hoʻohui i nā mea i luna aʻe nei, hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōpio o nā mea kanu wai a me nā limu filamentous. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hoʻowahāwahā i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻai pū ka ʻōpio me ka leʻaleʻa.
I ke kauwela, ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo rudd e ʻai i ka caviar snail, a lākou i hua ai ma ke kua o nā lau līlia wai (ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e kū pono ana i ka wai). No laila, ke hele nei i kahi huakaʻi lawaiʻa i ke ahiahi Iune maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kani ākea e pā ana i nā mānoanoa o nā līlia wai - hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui kēia ʻōpala i ka caviar mucous o nā kuhū e pili ana i nā lau o nā līlia wai, no laila e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka heluna kanaka o ka hope. Hoʻouna ʻia kahi leo e like me ka lewa e kahi rudd i hopu ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: rudd maʻamau
Ma ka hapalua o ka hopena o Kepakemapa, neʻe ka ʻōpio rudd i ka ʻohe a, ʻoi paha, ka hoʻoilo ma laila. ʻO nā mākua, nā kāne makua moekolohe, i kēia manawa, makemake e noho i nā wahi hohonu. Hoʻāʻo ʻo Rudd e hōʻike liʻiliʻi a emi ma ka papa o ka wai. ʻO ka hopena, moe lākou i ka mahina o ʻOkakopa no ka hoʻoilo. I ka pōkole, e hoʻomaka ana i ka waena o ʻOkakopa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻolana e hopu i kahi rudd. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia me kahi koʻokoʻo lana mau.
I nā loko iʻa a me nā loko, a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi hoʻi, i ka hoʻoilo, ke lawa ʻole ka oxygen, lana ka waika i lalo loa. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hopu ʻia i nā mea he nui. ʻOiai e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he iʻa paʻakikī loa ka rudd. He mea maʻalahi ʻole ia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma ke ʻano he tench, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka luhi ma mua o kahi roach maʻamau.
ʻO ka heluna lehulehu o ka rudd maʻamau ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o kēia iʻa me nā pilikia koʻikoʻi - paʻakikī loa e hopu iā ia, no ka mea, akahele loa ka ʻōuli. ʻIke ʻole ka iʻa i nā ākea ākea, a inā he mea weliweli e hūnā koke ia i nā ulu lāʻau o nā mea kanu wai - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia hiʻohiʻona no nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Akā nānā ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hopu ʻana i ka rudd hiki ke hana ʻia me nā maunu melemele ʻōlinolino. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa ka nānā loa i nā maunu o nā kala ʻē aʻe.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo Krasnoperka (kāna mau ʻāpana āpau) ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka waiwai ʻoihana. ʻO ke kumu he ʻono ʻawaʻawa iki. Akā no nā lawaiʻa haʻuki, hoihoi nui ia - ma muli o ka nui o kona wahi noho a me ka paʻakikī o ka hopu ʻana. ʻAʻole hopu ʻia ʻo Rudd i mea e kuke ai i ka iʻa iʻa mai loko ona - he mea nui ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā lawaiʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Rudd
Ma 3-5 mau makahiki o ke ola, hiki i ka rudd ke oʻo i ka moekolohe. I kēia manawa, aia ka nui ma kahi o 11-12 cm i ka lōʻihi, a mākaukau ka iʻa no ka hānai ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina he 2-3 mau mahina, mai ʻApelila a Mei paha (pili ka hoʻomaka i ka nohona) a hiki i ka hopena o Iune. E ʻoluʻolu e pili kēia manawa inā pili ka mahana wela 16-20 kekelē. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama a me ka mālamalama o ke kala o ka rudd ma mua o ke koena o ka manawa.
Ua kahili ʻia ka caviar iʻa i nā mea kanu wai, a ʻaʻole hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā kaha paʻa. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa ma mua o ka manawa o ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻole i oʻo nā ʻāpana 2 o ka caviar, a ʻo ke kolu i hoʻokumu pono ʻia i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. Na lākou iho, pipili nā hua, 1-1.5 mm ke anawaena. Ma ka awelika, waiho kahi rudd a hiki i ka 232 tausani mau hua, akā paʻakikī loa ia no ka poʻe makemake e loaʻa kālā mai nā hua ʻole i hānau ʻia e ʻike iā lākou (hoʻopili pinepine nā hua i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu wai, a uhi ka rudd iā lākou me ka makaukau loa).
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā lā 3. Ke hoʻomoʻa ka palai, 5 mm ko lākou lōʻihi, a hiki i 30 mm, hoʻomaka kahi manawa fry kikoʻī. Ka palena o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka rudd e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nui o nā mea hiki ke make i ka wā incubation, e lilo ana i ka "ʻaina kakahiaka" o nā mea hōʻaiʻē liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: wehewehe ʻia ka heluna nui o ka rudd e ka mea ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano, hiki iā lākou ke hui pū me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa ʻona. No laila, ʻo nā hybrids o rudd me ka carp crossian, tench, bream, a ʻoi aku me ka roach hiki ke hiki. A, he aha ka mea hoihoi loa, i kū ʻole i nā kānāwai o nā genetics, nā hybrids i loaʻa ma muli o ke ʻano o kēlā keʻa e haʻalele i ko lākou hiki ke hana hou a hāʻawi palekana i nā keiki momona. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka lehulehu kanaka rudd.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o rudd
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi ʻōlapa
Ma muli o ka heluna nui o ka heluna kanaka, lilo ka rudd maʻamau i mea leʻaleʻa no nā mea ʻaihue wai hou e like me nā pikes, iʻa iʻa a me nā perches - ua aʻo ka iʻa nui e lanakila i kāna "hana maʻalea" āpau. I ke kumu, ʻo ia ke kū ʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka mea nui e kāohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka rudd - no laila hiki ke mālama i ke kaulike i ke kaiaolaola o nā kino wai, no ka mea, ʻo ka "roach ʻulaʻula" e hoʻouluulu i nā nui nui.
No laila, i ka nele o nā mea kaohi, e loaʻa i ka iʻa ke kūlana o ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole ʻaʻa nā Crucians e hoʻouka i ka rudd oʻo makua, he mea pilikia ia lākou e ʻike i ka caviar (ʻo ka mea hope loa e hūnā loa ʻia), akā maʻalahi ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO kekahi ʻenemi o ka rudd i manaʻo ʻia he mau nīnū - he mau hue wai liʻiliʻi a nui hoʻi. E ʻōlelo wale nō, ua pānaʻi lākou iā ia, e luku ana i nā hua.
Eia nō naʻe, he kāne ka ʻenemi nui o ka roach redfin - a ʻaʻole ia he lawaiʻa maʻamau me ka lāʻau lawaiʻa, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi he mea ʻaihue me ka ʻupena. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau iʻa he wikiwiki loa ia me nā makemake āpau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia. Akā nā hana ʻenehana mai nā ʻoihana e hōʻino ʻole i ka rudd. Akā ʻoiai me kēia pilikia, ua hoʻololi ka rudd e kāohi - ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻino, neʻe nui lākou i uka, a laila hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻino mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kemika no nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe he mea ʻoi aku ka weliweli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻōuli o ka iʻa
Ma waho aʻe o ka rudd maʻamau maʻamau, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia iʻa.
ʻO Rudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Noho wale kēia subspecies o rudd ma ka hema o Helene, kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o kahi endemik. Hiki i ke kino o kēia iʻa a 33 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai nā ʻokoʻa o ka mahele o ka laulā, he ʻokoʻa nui ʻole kēia rudd mai ka rudd maʻamau - ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i loko o nā kikoʻī wale nō o ke ʻano o nā hiʻina a me ka helu o nā stamens gill.
Ua hua mai ʻo Scardinius acarnanicus mai nā lā mua o Malaki a hiki i Iulai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia ʻano prospect deporrable e hoʻopili wale i ka rudd Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai a me Scardinius graecus (e kūkā ʻia ma lalo). Hoʻonui mau nā lehulehu o nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau i kā lākou pae.
Helene rudd.ʻO Scardinius graecus ka inoa Lākina no kēia mau ʻāpana. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka Ilikskaya rudd - hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa no kona wahi noho (ka iʻa e noho ana ma Lake Iliki, aia ma waenakonu o Helene). ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kona lōʻihi - hiki i ka nui o ke kino o nā mākua ke piʻi i 40 knm. Hoʻohui nā Ichthyologists i ka hoʻemi o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mea kōkua me ka emi o ka lako o ka meaʻai.
ʻO Rudd Scardinius racovitzai. Noho kēia ʻano rudd i ka pūnāwai wela ʻo Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), aia ma ke komohana o Romania. ʻO kēia ʻano rudd ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 8.5 cm.ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka wahi o kēia mau ʻula e pili ana i ka haumia o ko lākou wahi maoli.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻōlelo i ka Hikina Hikina - Sakhalin a i loko o nā wai wai hou o Iapana, aia kekahi iʻa me ka inoa like - Far East rudd. Kūlike ʻole i ka kuhi hewa kaulana, ʻaʻohe ona pili iki i kā mākou rudd maʻamau, ʻoiai ka inoa like. Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēia au, no ka ʻaoʻao iʻa ʻokoʻa loa o ka Far East rudd.
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēlā ʻōuli - mālie ka iʻa, unpretentious, alakaʻi i kahi sedentary (me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe) ka nohona, ʻaneʻane haʻalele ʻole i kā lākou waihona wai kūloko. ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻopōʻino a i ʻole ke kau ʻana o nā kahawai (nā loko, nā loko). Noho ʻo Rudd i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, a me ka maluhia - ʻoiai ʻo ka predator. Kākaʻikahi loa ka hakakā ʻana o Pisces me kekahi i kekahi - akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻolauleʻa i nā malihini. Noho ʻo Rudd me ka hoʻokūkū intraspecific haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka heluna nui no lākou ʻaʻole ia he kumu e kaʻana like ai i ka ʻāina.
Lā hoʻopuka: 01.01.
Lā hou: 12.09.2019 ma 12:19