Mano pōpoki - kahi genus e pili ana i ke kauoha o karharin-like. ʻO ka lāhui maʻamau a aʻo ʻia maikaʻi loa o kēia genus ka manō pōpoki maʻamau. Noho ʻo ia i ke kai ma kahakai o ʻEulopa, a ma waho hoʻi o ke kapakai ʻApelika i nā papa wai mai luna a lalo - ʻo ka hohonu o ka wahi noho he 800 mika.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Cat Shark
ʻO ke ʻano o nā kūpuna kahiko loa o ka manō e pili ana i ka wā Silurian, ua loaʻa kā lākou mau mōʻalihaku i nā papa o ka wā kahiko ma kahi o 410-420 miliona mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa kahi helu nui o nā ʻano ola i hiki ke lilo i mau kūpuna o ka manō, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia i kahi o lākou i kū maoli ai. No laila, ʻoiai ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa o nā iʻa kahiko e like me placod germ a me hiboduses, ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka ulu mua ʻana o ka manō, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka hapa nui a hiki i kēia lā. Ma ka manawa Triassic wale nō, e akāka loa nā mea āpau: i kēia manawa, nā ʻano i pili pono i nā manō e noho nei ma ka honua.
ʻAʻole lākou i ola a hiki i kēia lā a ʻokoʻa loa i nā manō o kēia au, akā ʻoiai ua hōʻea kēia luna i ka waiwai. Ua ulu mālie ka manō: ka helu ʻana o ka vertebrae, no ka mea ua hoʻomaka lākou e neʻe me ka wikiwiki loa; ua ulu ka lolo ma ka lilo o nā wahi kuleana no ke ʻano o ka pilau; ua hoʻololi ʻia nā iwi ā. Ua lilo lākou i mau mea ʻaihue hemolele hou aʻe. Ua kōkua kēia mau mea iā lākou e ola i ka wā o ka pau ʻana o Cretaceous-Paleogene, ke nalowale wale kahi ʻāpana nui o nā laha e noho ana i ka honua. ʻO nā manō ma hope ona, ua hōʻea i kahi pōmaikaʻi ʻoi aku ka nui: ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻino wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia iā lākou i nā wahi kaiaola hou, a hoʻomaka lākou e noho.
Video: Mano Manō
A i mea e hana ai i kēia, pono lākou e loli hou: ʻo ia ka manawa o ka hapa nui o nā laha e noho nei ma ka Honua i hoʻokumu ʻia. ʻO ka mua o ka ʻohana manō pōpoki, akā naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua: ma kahi o 110 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Me he mea lā mai ia ia e hoʻomaka ke koena o nā karharin. Ma muli o ia wā kahiko, nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana i hala aku nei. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka manō pōpoki maʻamau me ka make ʻana. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano e K. Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758, ka inoa ma ka ʻōlelo Latina ʻo Scyliorhinus canicula. ʻO ka mea mahalo, inā ma Lūkini e pili ka inoa me ka pōpoki, a laila ka inoa kikoʻī i ka Lākina mai ka huaʻi canis, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻīlio.
Mea hoihoi: Inā pilikia ka manō feline, hoʻāhuahua lākou iā lākou iho ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ko lākou ʻōpū. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻopaʻa ka manō me ka huapalapala U, lālau i kona huelo ponoʻī me kona waha a miki i ka wai a i ʻole ka ea. I ka wā e hoʻopau hou ʻia ai, hoʻopuka ʻia nā kani leo nui e like me ka hae ʻana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manō pōpoki
Heʻuʻuku kona lōʻihi, ma ka awelika 60-75 cm, i kekahi manawa a i kahi mika. Kaona 1-1.5 kg, i ka nui o nā kānaka 2 kg. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manō nui maoli, ʻano liʻiliʻi kēia mau nui, a mālama ʻia kēia iʻa i kekahi manawa i loko o nā aquarium. Pono ʻo ia i kahi ipu nui, akā hiki i kāna mea nāna ke kaena i ka manō maoli, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻano manō. ʻOiai ʻaʻole like me ka predatory, ma muli o ka waha o ka pōkole a me ka pōʻai. ʻAʻole nā lola nui, ke ʻano o ka manō nui, hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia lākou.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka fin caudal i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kino. ʻAʻohe o ka maka blink o nā maka o ka manō pōpoki. Liʻiliʻi kona mau niho a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka ʻoi, akā nui ka nui o lākou, aia lākou i ka iwi ā i ka lālani. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne e ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou mau niho. Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, paʻakikī loa ia, inā ʻoe e hoʻopā iā ia, a laila e like ka manaʻo me ka paina one. ʻO ke kala o ka manō pōpoki he one, nui nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ke kino. Mālamalama kona ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kiko ma luna.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, pili pū kekahi i ke ʻano o nā manō manō, ʻokoʻa paha ke kala, a me ko lākou lōʻihi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ulu ka lāhui ʻApelika Hema i 110-120 cm, ʻeleʻele kona kala, a aia nā kahakaha transverse maikaʻi i wehewehe ʻia ma ke kino. ʻAno ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻē aʻe: ulu iki kekahi i 40cm, ulu kekahi i kahi 160 cm kahaha. No laila, ʻokoʻa ko lākou nohona, ʻano, ʻai, ʻenemi - ma aneʻi, inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia, wehewehe ʻia kahi manō pōpoki maʻamau.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manō pōpoki?
Kiʻi: Mano manō i ke kai
ʻO ka mea nui i nā wai e hoʻopuni ana iā ʻEulopa, me:
- Kākaʻikahi ke kai ʻo Baletika;
- Kai ʻĀkau;
- Kai ʻIlelani;
- Kahawai o Biscay;
- Kai Kaiwaenahonua;
- Kai o Marmara.
ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke komohana o ʻApelika a hiki i Guinea. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, ʻo ka palena mahele o ke kahakai o Nolewai, nona ka hapa ʻu o lākou, akā lilo ka wai i anuanu no kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole ia e noho i ke Kai ʻEleʻele, akā ʻauʻau i kekahi manawa, a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kokoke i ke kapakai ʻo Tureke. I ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua, loaʻa ka hapa nui o kēia iʻa kokoke i Sardinia a me Corsica: kuhi paha, ma kahi kokoke i kēia mau mokupuni aia he mau panalāʻau e hoʻopuka ai.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka mānoanoa o nā manō pōpoki kokoke i ke kapakai komohana o Morocco. Ma ke ʻano laulā, maʻa mau lākou i ka wai e moe ana i nā aniau mehana a me nā subtropical, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ke anilā mahana loa. Noho lākou i lalo, no laila noho lākou i nā wahi papa kahi papau ka hohonu: ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka hohonu o 70-100 m. Akā hiki iā lākou ke noho ʻelua i kahi hohonu papau - a i 8-10 m, a ma kahi nui aku - a 800 m. ʻO ka maʻa mau ka manō ʻōpio e noho mamao aku mai ke kapakai, i nā hohonu hohonu, a ke ulu lākou, neenee iki aku lākou iā ia. Ke hiki mai ka manawa hoʻohua, ʻauʻau lākou i loko o ke kai a hiki i ka palena o ka waihona, kahi a lākou i hānau ʻia ai.
Noho lākou i nā wahi me kahi papa pōhaku a one paha, makemake lākou e noho i nā wahi i hūnā ʻia, kahi e ulu nui ai nā limu a me nā ʻākako palupalu - he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā ʻōpio. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano manō pōpoki ʻē aʻe i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, noho lākou i nā moana āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, noho kekahi mau mea i ke kai Caribbean ma ka manawa hoʻokahi: Caribbean cat shark, Bahamian, Central American. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Kepani mai ke kapakai hikina o ʻAsia, a pēlā aku.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manō pōpoki. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka manō pōpoki?
Kiʻi: Mākōlea Pōʻele
ʻOkoʻa ka papaʻai o kēia iʻa a komo a kokoke i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a hiki wale ke hopu.
ʻO kēia nā meaola liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma lalo, e like me:
- pāpaʻi;
- ʻōpae;
- pūpū;
- echinod germ;
- kapa komo lole;
- ilo polychaete.
Akā ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia manō e pili ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā decapods. Ke ulu nei lākou, loli ke ʻano o ka meaʻai: ʻai ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, a hopu pinepine ka poʻe mākua i nā mollusks a me nā decapod nui a me nā iʻa.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou niho no ka nahu ʻana i nā pūpū. ʻImi pinepine nā manō nunui i ka heʻe a me ka heʻe - ʻo kahi holoholona o ka nui e like me ka nui i hiki ke lilo i kā lākou mea pio. I kekahi manawa hoʻonāukiuki nui lākou a hoʻāʻo e mālama i nā mea pio nui aku, a ʻo ia mau hoʻāʻo hiki ke hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻole no lākou. Hana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻouka iā lākou iho mai kahi hoʻohālua, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka manawa kūpono ʻole nona. Inā ʻaʻole holo pono kēia, a ua hiki iā ia ke pakele, ʻaʻole lākou i alualu maʻamau, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa he ʻokoʻa inā pololi loa ka manō. Eia nō naʻe i kēia mau hihia, hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā larvae o ke ola kai ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai e nānā pinepine ʻole iā lākou.
Aia pū ka papa kuhikuhi o ka manō pōpoki i nā meaʻai mea kanu: nā limu a me nā ʻano ʻākala palupalu, ʻo ia ke kumu e noho pinepine ai i nā wahi waiwai i nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui nā mea kanu i kāna meaʻai. I ke kauwela, ʻai nui kēia iʻa ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: E like me ka mea i loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Cranfield, pane ka manō manō i nā makana ʻai a ʻimi e loaʻa iā lākou, e hana ana i nā mea like i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hānai ʻia ʻana. Hoʻomanaʻo lākou i kēia no ka manawa lōʻihi, a 15 mau lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Nani Pōpoki ʻAsia
ʻAʻole makemake kēia mau manō i ka lā, a ke kau kiʻekiʻe ia ma luna o ka pae, makemake lākou e hoʻomaha ma lalo i nā hale malumalu a loaʻa ka ikaika. ʻO ia mau hale e mālama ai i nā ana ma lalo o ka wai, ahu o nā snags a i ʻole nā mea ulu lāʻau. Ke hāʻule wale ke ahiahi a hoʻomaka lākou e alualu, a ʻo ka piko o kā lākou hana i ka pō. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻike i ka pō, a no ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana, akā e kaukaʻi nei i kekahi lālā manaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia nā mea loaʻa (ampullae o Lorenzini) aia ma ka maka. ʻO kēlā me kēia meaola e hele nei ma kahi o ka hopena e hana i nā impulses uila, a me nā manō me ke kōkua o kēia mau leka uila e hopu iā ia a ʻike pono i kahi o ka mea pio.
He poʻe ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi lākou: hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kaha wikiwiki, hoʻololi koke i ke kuhikuhi, kahi hopena maikaʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pō ʻauʻau mālie lākou a puni ko lākou wahi i lalo a nānā i ka mea pio. Hoʻouka koke lākou i ka mea liʻiliʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka mea nui, hiki iā lākou ke lurk i ka hoʻohālua a kali a hiki i ka manawa maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine lākou e alualu wale, akā ʻaʻole mau: hiki iā lākou ke ʻākoakoa i nā hipa, i mea nui e ʻimi holoholona pū pū ai. Akā ʻaʻole mau ka lōʻihi o kēlā mau ʻohana: ʻo ka hapanui o ka manawa, noho mau nā manō pōpoki.
I kekahi manawa noho kokoke kekahi mau kānaka a noho maikaʻi pū kekahi. Hiki i nā hakakā ke kū i waena o nā manō pōpoki, a ma ia mau hihia, kipaku kekahi o lākou i kekahi. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano kūpikipiki, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou no nā kānaka: liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou niho e hōʻeha nui ai, a ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua. ʻOiai ʻo ke kanaka ponoʻī e ʻauʻau kokoke a hoʻopilikia i ka manō pōpoki, ʻo ka paha, e ʻau wale a peʻe.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Coral Cat Shark
ʻO nā manō pōpoki ka hapanui o ka loners, kākaʻikahi a ʻākoakoa iki i nā hui liʻiliʻi, no laila, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano nohona. Hiki iā lākou ke lūlū i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, pinepine ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nohona. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua, hana ka lū ʻana i ka wā puna, a i kekahi poʻe i ka hopena o ka makahiki. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ko lākou laulā, hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻana i ka hopena o ke kauwela a hiki ke hala a waena o ke kauwela; ma ke komohana komohana o ʻApelika, ua kupu mai nā manō mua ma Pepeluali, a ʻo ka hope loa i ʻAukake - a pēlā aku, hiki i kēia wā ke hāʻule i nā mahina like ʻole.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau he 10-20 o lākou, aia lākou i loko o nā capsule paʻakikī, oblong ikaika i ke ʻano: hiki lākou i 5 cm ka lōʻihi a me 2 cm wale nō ka laulā. e like me ka pōhaku a limu paha. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka embryo i loko o ka capsule he 5-10 mau mahina, a i kēia manawa a pau ke pale ʻole nei. I ka mua, kōkua ia he aniani, no laila paʻakikī loa e ʻike iā ia i ka wai. A laila, liʻiliʻi, lilo i milky i ke kala, a liʻuliʻu ma mua o ka hopena o ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala e melemele, a i ʻole loaʻa i kahi kala ʻalani.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o ka embryo. Ma hope koke o ka hatching, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka palai he 8 cm a ʻoi iki paha - hoihoi, nui aku lākou i nā wai anuanu ma mua o nā mehana. Mai nā lā mua loa like lākou me nā mākua, ʻo nā kiko wale nō ka nui o ka nui e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino. I ka wā mua, ʻai lākou i ke koena o ka ʻeke yolk, akā koke lākou e nānā no ka meaʻai na lākou iho. Mai kēia manawa ua lilo lākou i mau mea ʻaihue liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hānau mai 2 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa ulu nā manō pōpoki ʻōpio a 40 cm. Noho lākou no 10-12 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka manō manō
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manō pōpoki
ʻOi aku ka makaʻu i nā hua hua a me nā ʻai, akā ʻaʻole like me ko lākou mau ʻāpana nui aku, ʻaʻole lawa ka manō pōpoki mākua e makaʻu i kekahi i ke kai. Ke ʻimi ʻia nei e nā iʻa nui aku, ʻo ka cod cod Atlantic-ʻo ia kona ʻenemi maikaʻi loa.
He kūlana koʻikoʻi kona i ka nui a me ke kaumaha, a ʻo ka mea nui loa: aia ka nui o lākou i nā wai like e ola ai ka manō pōpoki. Ma waho aʻe o ka cod, ko lākou mau ʻenemi pinepine he manō ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui. Ma ke ʻano he wikiwiki, wikiwiki lākou, a no laila hiki i ka manō pōpoki ke hūnā iā lākou wale nō.
Nui ka poʻe makemake e pāʻina pū me lākou, no laila weliweli loa ke ola o kēia mau mea ʻaihue, a i ka wā o ka huli holoholona e pono ai lākou e kiaʻi i ke kūlana a puni lākou i nā manawa āpau i lilo ʻole lākou i mea pio ponoʻī. Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia, nui nā parasite i waena o ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i waena o lākou: kinetoplastids o kekahi mau ʻano, cestodes, monogeneans, nematodes a me trematodes, copepods.
Pilikia pū kekahi no lākou, akā ʻaʻole nui: maʻamau ʻaʻole lākou i hopu ʻia ma ke kumu. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i ka ʻupena a i ka maunu, akā hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia lākou no ka mea he mea ʻono ʻole ka ʻiʻo o kēia manō. Kūpono ka manō pōpoki a, inā paha ua hōʻino ʻia e ka lou, kokoke ola mau i nā hihia pēlā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Cat Shark
Pālahalaha lākou a loaʻa kahi kūlana hopohopo haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻohe o lākou waiwai kūʻai, ʻoiai, no ka nui o ka heluna kanaka a me kahi e noho ai ma nā wahi pāpaʻu, hopu pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he paʻa. ʻAʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia i nā helu, ʻoiai lākou e kiola pinepine ʻia i ke kai. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mau: makemake kekahi poʻe i kā lākou ʻiʻo, aia nā wahi kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai he mea ʻono a ʻoiai ke ʻala. Hoʻokumu pū lākou i ka iʻa iʻa a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā maunu ʻā ula maikaʻi loa. Eia nō naʻe, kaupalena ʻia ka pono o ka manō pōpoki, maikaʻi ia nona iho: paʻa mau ka helu o kēia ʻano.
Akā kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia genus kokoke i kahi kūlana maʻalahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hopu paʻa ʻia ka manō pōpoki stellate, a ʻo kahi hopena i hoʻemi ʻia ai kāna helu ma kekahi mau wahi o ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua. Pēlā nō ia no ʻApelika Hema. ʻAʻole ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ke kūlana o nā ʻano he nui, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i aʻo iki a ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻokumu i kā lākou kikoʻī a me ka nui - malia paha he laha kekahi o lākou a pono e pale ʻia.
Mea hoihoi: No ka mālama ʻana i kahi manō pōpoki i loko o kahi aquarium, he nui loa ia: no kahi iʻa makua, 1,500 liters ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi o 3,000 liters. Inā nui kekahi o lākou, a laila no kēlā me kēia mea aʻe pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi 500 liters hou.
Pono ke kai e anuanu, ma ke kikowaena o 10-16 ° C, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā mau ia i ka mahana like. Inā hoʻomehana nui ka wai, e ʻeha ka pale o ka iʻa, e hoʻomaka pinepine nā fungi a me nā maʻi parasite e hoʻouka iā ia, e ʻai pinepine ia. No ka hemo ʻana i nā parasites, pono ka manō e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili, e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau antibiotic a hoʻonui i ka pae paʻakai i ka wai.
Mano pōpoki he manō liʻiliʻi a pōʻino ʻole hoʻi no nā kānaka, i mālama ʻia i kekahi manawa i nā aquarium. ʻOiai ka nui o ka nui, he predator maoli kēia, hoʻomanaʻo pinepine ia i kēlā me kēia i kona ʻohana nui - he manō pēlā i ka liʻiliʻi. Aia ia ma kāna laʻana e noiʻi ai ka poʻe noiʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka manō.
Lā paʻi: 23.12.2019
Lā hou: 01/13/2020 ma 21:15
