ʻO Wryneck - he manu neʻe liʻiliʻi kēia o ka Old World, kahi pili pili o nā mea ʻūlau a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano like: noho ia i nā lua a hānai i nā mea kolo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā ka hiki ke hoʻohālike i ka nahesa i kahi puha. Ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ululāʻau o Lūkia. Hūnā a unobtrusive.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Vertice
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka genus o nā pimples (Jynx) e nā ʻano ʻelua - ka pinwheel maʻamau (Jynx torquilla) a me ka ʻulaʻula (Jynx ruficollis). Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka mea maʻamau, kaulana a aʻo ʻia. ʻO ka inoa Lākina o ka genus i loaʻa mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene i manaʻo ʻia "wili". Hōʻike ia i ka hiʻona ʻoi loa o ka manu: ke makaʻu a hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi, lawe ia i kahi ʻano a wili i kona ʻāʻī me kahi ʻāʻī e like me ka nahesa.
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka pinwheel maʻamau mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka laulā nui i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i ke kala o ka plumage a me kāna kumu, kekahi hapa i ka nui.
Video: Spinner
Ma ke kumu o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, mai ka 4 a i ka 7 mau ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia, 6 o lākou e ʻike ʻia e ka uniona ornithologists:
- ke ʻano o nā subspecies ʻano e noho ana i ka hapanui o ʻEulopa;
- ʻo nā subspecies ʻo Zarudny (J. t. sarudnyi) mai Siberia Komohana he māmā a emi iki ke ʻano o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa;
- ka poʻe ʻāpana Kina (J. chinensis) noho i ka Siberian expanses ma ka hikina o Yenisei, Kina, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin;
- Noho nā Himalayan subspecies (J. himalayana) i nā kuahiwi Himalayan, neʻe kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa i lalo;
- noho nā nūpepa ʻo Chuzi (J. tschusii) ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ka mea liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻulaʻula;
- ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻāpana Moorish (J. mauretanica) i nā kuahiwi o ʻApelika komohana ʻākau, ʻo kēia nā heluna noho.
Noho ka ʻīlio hae ʻulaʻula i nā savannas o ʻApelika, hema o ka Sahara. He ʻeleʻele kona ʻano ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Kūlike nā ʻano like me nā ʻano maʻamau, akā noho ʻo ia ma kahi noho. ʻO ka mōʻaukala evolution of twirls a me nā ululāʻau holoʻokoʻa he mau hōʻike ʻike maka, akā hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he ʻelele o ka ʻohana ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou o kēia manawa - ma kahi o ka Miocene Waena (10 - 15 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka huli huli
Liʻiliʻi ka whirligig maʻamau - 17 - 20 cm ka lōʻihi, 25 - 30 cm ka laulā o ka ʻēheu, a 30 - 50 g ke kaumaha. He poʻo nui kona a me kahi alelo lōʻihi, ke ʻano o nā lāʻau ʻāhiu, no ka huki ʻana i nā mea kolo mai nā ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wāwae o kahi rana pana pua me 4 manamana wāwae, ʻelua e kuhikuhi ʻia i mua a ʻelua e kuhikuhi i hope. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu e like me ka ʻūlū: ʻaʻole ikaika ka nuku pōkole e like me ka ʻoki o ka mea ʻāhiu, a ʻo ka huelo ākea a poepoe hoʻi, nona nā hulu palupalu, ʻaʻole i ʻae e hilinaʻi iā ia ke pae i ka kumu kū.
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. Hōʻaʻahu nā kāne ʻelua i kahi kala pale pale unisex bark. Ma ka laulā, ʻeleʻele-hina a ʻano ʻē ia, "chintz". Hinahina ke poʻo, hele ka ʻāpana pouli i ka maka. Melemele ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ke kino o luna, me nā kiko pōuliuli, i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi pahele mau ma ka piko a me ke kua. ʻO ka ʻōpū māmā me nā kiko liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i nā kaha ma ka ʻāʻī, e like me ka cuckoo. He ʻeleʻele nā hulu o nā peʻa, ʻano ʻokoʻa, me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo a me nā pouli a me nā hahau. ʻEleʻele ka maka, e like me ka ʻili o nā wāwae.
I ka puna, hīmeni nā kāne mehameha, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi moʻo o ka pōkole, a i ka 4 no kekona, kāhea. Pane aku nā wahine iā lākou i ka ʻuhane like, a ma hope o ka male ʻana ua oki lākou i ka mele ʻana. I kahi manawa wale nō o ke kani ʻana e lohe hou ai kekahi i nā hea pōkole a ʻoi loa hoʻi o lākou.
Ma hea e noho ai ka kuhukukū?
Kiʻi: Manu
Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka pinwheel maʻamau i ke kapakai Kaiwaika o ʻApelika a holo i kahi kaʻe ma waena o Eurasia mai Scandinavia a me Sepania a Iapana. Noho ia ma kahi o ka nahele holoʻokoʻa, kahi hapa o ka steppe a hiki i ka wao akua. Noho ka nui o nā manu ʻEulopa ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā ʻāina Scandinavian, aia nā heluna kanaka kaka ʻole ma Central Europe.
I Lūkia, holo ka palena o ka wahi ma ka ʻākau ma ka like o 65 ° N. sh. ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ma 66 ° ma Siberia Komohana a hoʻokokoke hou aku i ka ʻākau, a hiki i 69 ° i ke Kolyma. ʻO ka palena o kahi ma ka hema e holo ana ma Volgograd, ma 50 ° N. (Ural) a ma ʻō aku o Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Kina ʻĀkau. Loaʻa nā heluna ʻokoʻa i nā wahi mauna o Central Asia a me Kina.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, mai ka ʻaneʻane o nā kiko o ka wahi o ka pūnana, e neʻe i ka hema i ka makani, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā ululāʻau.
- neʻe lākou mai ke Kaiwaenahonua i nā wahi hema hou aku;
- mai nā kuahiwi o Asia Waena lākou e iho ai i nā awāwa;
- ʻo ka poʻe i pūnana ma ka waena a me ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa a ma Siberia Komohana e lele ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o Sahara i nā savannas a me nā ululāʻau subtropical o ʻApelika, a hiki i Kongo a me Cameroon;
- nā spinnecks mai Central Siberia a me ka Hikina Hema e hele i India, ka hema o Iapana a me ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia;
- lele kekahi mau lehulehu mai ka Hikina Hikina i Alaska, e hoʻololi ana i kahi awl no ke kopa.
No ka pūnana ʻana, koho ka wormhole maʻamau i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous kahiko a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole me ka ulu ʻole a me nā lāʻau hollow (linden, birch, aspen). I nā wahi, no ka laʻana, ma Scandinavia, noho ʻo ia i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous. ʻO nā pūnana Vietnam ma kahi māmā, nā wahi noho piʻipiʻi pinepine: ma nā lihi, nā kihi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, i nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau, ma nā kapa wai o nā wai. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka kaiāulu me ka poʻe a hiki ke noho i nā māla a me nā pāka.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hiki ke loaʻa kēia manu i ka wahi nahele a ma ka ululāʻau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake ia i nā ululāʻau paʻa, a me nā wahi ākea loa. Ma ka neʻe ʻana wale nō i ka wā o nā neʻe kau e hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā māla, nā kula a me nā kuahiwi kahakai. ʻO ka Worm-ʻāʻā e kau pinepine i nā wahi ākea me kahi kū ululāʻau laulā, e laʻa me nā savannas ʻO ka mea nui ka meaʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻenuhe?
Kiʻi: Verticea ma Lūkia
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o kēia ʻano i nā pepeke, i kahi liʻiliʻi - nā huahana mea kanu:
- na naonao o nā ʻano like ʻole (nahele nui, ʻāpana melemele, honu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ka manu nui o nā manu i ka wā hānai, kahi o ka hapalua o ka papaʻai; ʻo ka nui o nā larva a me nā pupae ʻai ʻia;
- nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe i nā wā āpau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana: nā nalo (nā nalo ʻili, nā ʻiʻo lau, nā nīnū a me nā nalo honua), nā aphids, nā pēpē liʻiliʻi, nā orthoptera, nā ʻūpā, nā cicadas, nā ʻūhū, nā lele, nā makika a me nā dipterans ʻē aʻe
- ʻenuhe liʻiliʻi hulu (honua);
- hāʻule nā lāʻau a me nā spider i ko lākou nuku, no ka mea peʻe pinepine lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili;
- nā hua manu o nā manu liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, hele ka tit nui e hānai i nā moa;
- slug, terrestrial liʻiliʻi gastropods a me nā tadpoles i kekahi manawa i lilo i poʻe hōʻeha ʻia;
- pau nā hua momona a me nā hua (pea, mulberry, blueberry, blackberry) mai nā mea kanu mea kanu;
- ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana foil, metala a me nā ea i loko o nā ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole paha lākou i ale ʻia e māʻona ai ka pōloli.
Nawaliwali loa ka nuku o ka nuku e ʻūlū i ka ʻili e like me nā mea ʻāhiu a ʻeli paha i ka lepo. Hiki wale iā lākou ke ʻōpala ma lalo o nā unahi o ka ʻili, i nā māwae, nā mauʻu a me ka lepo e hoʻokuʻu ʻia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi alelo lōʻihi e like me ka probe. ʻO ka hiki ke hele ma luna o nā ʻaoʻao kū i luna e kōkua iā lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai ʻaʻole ma ka honua wale nō, akā ma nā kumu lāʻau kekahi.
Ke hānai ʻana i nā moa, hana nā mākua i ka awelika o 5 a 10 mau lele i kēlā me kēia hola i ka lā, e like me ka makahiki o nā mea hilinaʻi. Lawe nui ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi e nā pupae a me nā larvae o nā ants, ʻo nā mea kahiko - nā meaʻai ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ka mamao a lākou e lele ai i kēlā me kēia manawa no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai mai 20 a 350 m.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā mea kūlohelohe India, ke nānā nei i ka puahiohio hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻo ia e ʻai ana i kahi manu liʻiliʻi. E paʻa ana i ka manu i loko o kona mau wāwae, ua ʻako pono ka whirligig a kuʻi i ke kupapaʻu. Maopopo ʻole inā ʻo ia nāna i pepehi ka manu a i ʻohi aʻe paha i kahi mea a kekahi e ʻeha ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Spinner i ke kūlohelohe
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hibernation, hiki i nā ʻāpana whip ke ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 10-12 mau manu, akā i ke kauwela ua mahele mau lākou i mau pālua. "Clogs" kēlā me kēia pā i kona panalāʻau, me ka mālama ʻana i ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnana ma kahi o 150 - 250 m. Ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi wale nō e noho kokoke kekahi i kekahi. Mālama lākou i kahi huna, mai hoʻolaha aku i ko lākou alo.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, hānai nā manu i ka piʻi ʻana i nā lālā a me nā kumu o nā kumulāʻau a ʻohiʻohi mau ʻana i nā naonao a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe a ma lalo hoʻi o ka ʻili. E iho pinepine lākou i ka honua, kahi e neʻe ai i nā lele pōkole a me ke kaulike me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Ke hopu mau nei i nā kolo mai ka mauʻu a me ka ʻōpala, ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i ka makaʻala, e kiaʻi mau ana i nā wahi a puni. Lohi a lele ʻole ka lele ʻana o nā turntable, akā hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā mea lele lele.
ʻO ka manu e noho ana ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau e lawe i kahi ʻano o ke ʻano me ke poʻo i hāpai ʻia a hāpai ʻia i kona nuku. Pēlā paha kāna e hoʻohālike ai i ka mote. Ke hui ʻelua mau mea, ʻaʻole naʻe nā kāne, hana lākou i kahi ʻano maʻamau: hoʻolei lākou i ko lākou mau poʻo i luna, hāmama i ko lākou nuku a hoʻoluliluli i ko lākou poʻo, i kekahi manawa hāʻule iā lākou i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ke ʻano o kēlā.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kumu o nā turntables kā lākou hana inā pilikia. ʻO kahi manu, hoʻohaunaele i ka pūnana a i hopu ʻia paha, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona mau ʻeheu, hohola i kona huelo, hoʻolōʻihi i kona ʻāʻī a wili iā ia e like me ka nahesa, a laila hoʻolei i kona poʻo i hope, a laila hoʻohuli iā ia mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ai kekahi ʻaoʻao. Kū nā hulu ma ke poʻo i ka hope. I ka manawa like, hesses e like me ka nahesa a ʻo kēia mau mea āpau, a hui pū ʻia me ka hopena o ke kahaha, hana i kahi hiʻona piha o kahi kolo kipi e hoʻouka nei. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, kolohe ka manu i ka make a kau i nā lima o ka mea hahai holoholona me nā maka paʻa.
ʻIke ʻole ʻia ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wā hōʻea, pinepine i ka pō. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Lūkia hiki lākou i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila, i ka ʻākau - i ka hapa mua a i ka hopena o Mei (Yakutia). Lele aku lākou a ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka hāʻule, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hopena o ʻAukake, i kekahi manawa i Nowemapa (Kaliningrad).
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manu
ʻAʻole pilikia nā Necks i ke koho ʻana i ka hoa kūpono a i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻi mai ka hema, loaʻa iā lākou kahi mea hou. I waenakonu o Rūsia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paʻa mua i ka hopena o Mei - Iune mua.
Hiki i kahi kūpono no ka pūnana i kēlā me kēia kiʻekiʻe a i 3 m, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua: kahi puka i kahi kumu popopo, i ka hemp, i kahi lua o nā ale i kahi pali kahawai, kahi puka i ka paia o ka hale pā. Makemake nā manu i nā hale hana: nā hale manu a me nā pahu pūnana. Hana pinepine lākou i kahi pūnana i loko o ka lua, akā ʻo lākou iho, e like me nā mea ʻāpana lāʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke puka i waho a keʻimi nei i kahi mākaukau. He mea ʻole inā paʻahana nā mea āpau. Hoʻoholo maʻalahi ka turntable i ka pilikia hale: kipaku ʻo ia i nā ʻona. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻoiai, ua liʻiliʻi lākou, kekahi ʻano lele lele.
Loaʻa i ke kāne kahi maikaʻi a hoʻomaka e mele, ke kāhea nei i ka wahine. Inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e pane i loko o ʻelua mau lā, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kahi. Inā pane ʻo ia, e kali ʻo ia a hiki i kona hele ʻana a liʻuliʻu, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa e kāhea ana iā ia.
ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻiliʻili i kekahi mea kūkulu hale a ʻoluʻolu me ke koena o ka lepo a me nā pūnana kahiko, inā aia kekahi o ka lua. Ma kēia litter, kau ka wahine (5) 7 - 10 (14) i nā hua keʻokeʻo 16 - 23 × 13 - 17 mm ka nui. Hoʻokomo nā kāne i nā hua i hoʻokahi, ʻoiai hana pinepine ka wahine i kēia manawa, no 2 mau pule. Kūleʻa lākou ma kahi kokoke i ka pūnana, inā kūpilikiʻi lākou i ka hau, hoʻonalohua iā lākou iho me he ʻili lā. Akā inā pili ka ʻenemi i loko o ka lua, a laila hōʻike ka manu i kona helu aliʻi me ka nahesa.
ʻAʻole hānau ʻia nā keʻokeʻo i ka manawa like a pili nā makahiki ʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi, kahi e hoʻokumu ai i ka hoʻokūkū olakino ʻole. Hānai nā mākua iā lākou no 23 a 27 mau lā a hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā pēpē a puni ka hopena o Iune. A laila hiki i nā mākua ke kau i kahi hua hou.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka puahiohio
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka huli huli
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kikoʻī o ka kuhukukū; hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka poʻe makemake i nā hua, nā moa a me nā manu moa.
Liʻiliʻi kēia manu, palekana ʻole a hiki i nā mea he nui ke hōʻeha iā ia, e hoʻomaka me nā ʻohana.
- ʻo nā ululāʻau nui aku, no ka laʻana, variegated nui, kipaku manu mai kā lākou mau lua punahele;
- nā manu lele - buzzard, ʻeleʻele manu ʻele, falcon a me nā ʻio (sparrowhawk a me goshawk) hoʻouka i nā manu makua;
- piʻi ka martens, marten maoli, ermine, sable hiki ke luku i nā pūnana;
- aloha nā squirrels e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua manu a me nā moa a hiki ke komo i loko o nā lua;
- he parasites nā kānaka āpau, e like me nā ʻano ʻoki koko (ʻuku, nā kihi, nā kikiki), nā ilo a me nā protists. Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻenuhe, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā maʻi ʻino me ka hoʻomaha ʻana a lawe iā lākou i nā wahi pūnana. ʻO kēia manawa o nā pilina i ke ʻano maoli i ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
Hoʻopilikia ka ua a me ke anuanu i ka ulu ʻana o nā moa a hoʻopaneʻe i ko lākou puka ʻana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou pilikia o ka ʻai ʻia. ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kanaka i ke ola o nā piko i hōʻike ʻia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho, ʻo ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau pākahi, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā ululāʻau mai nā lāʻau popopo kahiko a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides e hōʻino loa i ka lako o ka meaʻai, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi me ka ʻāina mahiʻai nui.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i nā tits nui ke hoʻopau i nā pūnana o nā kuhukukū a pepehi i nā keiki i ka hakakā no nā pūnaewele pūnana. Hoihoi kēia, ʻoiai ke hana like nei nā ʻāʻī hulina me nā titmice nui. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o nā tits, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kuhukukū, no laila ke kaua ma waena o kēia mau manu ma ke kaʻina kaulike.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Vertice
Ke kūlana o nā ʻano like ʻole e like me IUCN: Least Concern. ʻO kahi kuhi kokoke i ka helu honua o nā manu he 15 miliona, ākea ka pae. I kekahi mau ʻāpana, ua emi nui a heleleʻi paha nā heluna o ka puahiohio (ʻEnelani, Pokukala, Pelekiuma, Netherlands, Kelemania, Denmark), akā ma ka hapanui aia nō ka nui o lākou. Ma Sepania 45 tausani mau pālua, ma Palani a hiki i ka 100 tausani mau pālua, ma Denmark ma kahi o 150 - 300 pālua; i Pinilana - ma kahi o 19 tausani mau pālua, ma Suedena a hiki i 20 tausani mau pālua, ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā manu ma ʻItalia.
I Lūkia mai 300 tausani a 800 tausani manu. Hiki ke hoʻololi ka mānoanoa o ka nui o nā manu ma ka ʻāina like mai 20 a 0.2 pālua ma km2 ma muli o ke ʻano o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ma ka moku ʻo Tambov, ʻo ka paʻa o ka pūnana ma nā ulu lāʻau paina he 8 mau pālua / km2, i nā ululāʻau deciduous - 8, i hui ʻia - 7.5, i nā ululāʻau alder - 7.5. Kūleʻa nui kēia mau manu a lehulehu i nā wahi o Rostov a me Voronezh, ma Siberia Komohana loaʻa lākou i nā wahi āpau, akā i kekahi mau manawa; he mea maʻamau ia ma ka moku ʻo Kemerovo, Teritori ʻo Krasnoyarsk a me Tuva.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ʻEnelani, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā wrenches a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, i ka 1954 aia he 100-200 mau pūnana i noho ʻia, i ka makahiki 1964 - 26 - 54 mau pūnana; i 1973 - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau pūnana. I ka makahiki 1981, ʻoiai ua hālāwai kekahi mau manu, ʻaʻole lākou i pūnana.
I ka manawa like, ua emi ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano ma Scandinavia a me nā ʻāina o Central Europe. ʻO nā kumu kūpono ke hoʻololi i ke aniau a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pūnaewele pūnana. He mea nui ka hana ʻia e ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pale a puni nā kula, keʻoki ʻana i nā kū a me nā lāʻau hoʻokahi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides.
ʻO Wryneck holoholona hoihoi a ʻano ʻē. Malia paha hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i kahi pā kūlanakauhale a i kāu māla paha i kēia manu akahai i nā plumage akahele, i hāʻawi ʻia e ka evolution me kahi makana kupaianaha - ka hiki ke hōʻike i kahi nahesa. ʻO kahi hōʻoia ʻē aʻe ʻaʻohe holoholona hoihoi. ʻO kēlā me kēia, pono ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana iā ia, mālama i nā tālena kupaianaha.
Ka lā paʻi: 19.11.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 21:39
