Omul - he iʻa no ka salmon ʻano laha o ka genus keʻokeʻo i kahi inoa i ka Lākina - Coregonus fallalis. ʻO ka waiwai Baikal omul kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: ʻo Coregonus migratorius, ʻo ia hoʻi, "iʻa keʻokeʻo", i hōʻike ʻepekema mua ʻia e IG Georgi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Omul
Noho kahi ʻano kikowa ma kahakai o ka ʻĀkau ʻAkau. He iʻa anadromous kēia iʻa a piʻi i luna e ulu ma nā kahawai ʻākau ma Alaska, Kanada a me Russia. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa Baikal he subspecies o ka Arctic a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Coregonus autumnalis migratorius. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻike kūpuna, ua huli aʻe ua kokoke loa ka Baikal omul i ka iʻa keʻokeʻo maʻamau a i ʻole ka herring whitefish, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa.
E pili ana i kēia mau noiʻi, ʻo ke kuhiakau e pili ana i ke komo ʻana o ka Arctic omul mai nā kahawai o ke kahawai o ka Moana Arctic i ka wā interglacial, ma kahi o iwakālua tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole kūlike. ʻOiai paha, ua kū mai ka Baikal omul mai nā ʻano kūpuna i loaʻa i ka Oligocene a me Miocene i nā loko wai mehana a me nā kahawai.
Video: Omul
Loaʻa ʻo Coregonus autumnalis a i ʻole Ice Tomsk omul ma Lūkia ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai. ʻO Mezen a i Chaunsky Bay, koe wale no ka muliwai Ob, loaʻa i ka Ob Bay a i nā kahawai kokoke, aia i Penzhin.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā iʻa iʻa e ka pa ʻana o ka wai i:
- Pechora;
- Yenisei;
- Khatanga;
- Lena;
- indigir;
- Kolyma.
Ma ke kapakai hau o ka ʻĀkau. Ma ʻAmelika, mai Cape Barrow a me ke kahawai ʻo Colville a hiki i Cornichen Bay, loaʻa ʻo C. laurettae Bean, C. Alascanus, i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka C. fallalis complex. ʻO ka omul kahi ʻano iʻa e noho ana ma kahakai o ʻIlalani - ʻo Coregonus pollan ʻo Thompson.
ʻO ka hopena mai ka loko hohonu o ka honua he nui nā ʻano eco i hiki ke hoʻākoakoa ʻia i:
- kahakai;
- pelagic;
- wai hohonu-lalo.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Baikal omul i loko o nā pūʻā he nui e like me kahi o ka hānau ʻana.
- chivyrkuiskoe (lalo-wai hohonu);
- Selenga (pelargic);
- ʻelele (wai hohonu hohonu);
- severobaikalskoe (kahakai).
Ma mua, kū kū i waho nā ʻano kahakai ʻo Barguzin, akā ma muli o ka nui o nā lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka muliwai Barguzin, ua aneane e hoʻopau ʻia, ʻoiai ua lehulehu kēia heluna kanaka. I ke kau waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i 15,000 mau keneta o ka hopu.
Hana ʻia ka ʻohana ʻelele i kēia manawa me ka hana ʻole ʻia mai nā hua i hoʻouluulu ʻia. Hiki ke kūkākūkā i nā subspecies e hoʻomohala kūlohelohe ana ma Lake Baikal i ka hihia o Severobaikalsk, Chivyrkuisk a me Selenga omul. Aia ka heluna lehulehu āpau i kahi mokuʻāina kaumaha.
Ma Mongolia, hoʻomaka ʻo Baikal omul e hānai ʻia i ka makahiki 1956 ma Lake Khubuzgul, kahi e noho nei a kū aʻe i nā kahawai e ulu. I nā wahi ʻē aʻe, kahi i hoʻāʻo ʻia e hānau i kēia iʻa, ʻaʻohe heluna kanaka hānau ponoʻī.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka omul?
I ka omul, e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o nā papa waena o ka wai, aia ka waha ma ka hope o ke poʻo, e kū pololei ana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kikowaena, ua like nā iwi ā i ka lōʻihi a ʻaʻole hele ka mea haʻahaʻa ma waho o ka luna, ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo.
Holo ka waena waena o ke kino i nā maka nunui. Aia i ka laha a me ka nohona o ka Arctic a me Baikal omul:
- stamens gill mai 34 a 55 mau ʻāpana;
- vertebrae 60-66 pcs;
- ka helu o nā unahi ma kahi laina e hele ana ma ka ʻaoʻao 800-100 pcs;
- pyloric (makapō) hoʻopili nā ʻōpū i nā ʻāpana 133-217;
- i ke kala, hiki i ka omul ke loaʻa i kahi kala brownish a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ma luna, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū he kālā. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka fin dorsal a me ke poʻo o ka Baikal omul.
ʻO ka nui awelika o ke kanaka makua he 25-45 cm, hiki i ka lōʻihi ke piʻi i 63 cm, a me ke kaupaona ʻo 1-3 kg. Noho ka poʻe Arctic me kahi momona momona maikaʻi ma ka awelika ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, ʻo ka makahiki i ʻike ʻia he 16 mau makahiki. Ma ka muliwai Hiki iā Lena omul ke ola a 20 mau makahiki.
Loaʻa i ka ʻano Baikal ka awelika o 36-38 cm, hiki i 55-60 knm. Me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kaupaona ia mai 250 a 1.5 kg, i kekahi manawa 2 kg. ʻO nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka ʻākau o ka loko, ua liʻiliʻi ia ma mua o ka ʻelele hema. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona kino, loaʻa kahi kinikini kūlike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, kahi e predetermines i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai i kahi wikiwiki maikaʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻIke ʻia ma Baikal ma mua i hopu ʻia nā kānaka he 7-10 kg, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka hilinaʻi o kēia mau ʻike. ʻO ke ana hoʻohālike nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka heluna o Selenga ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 5500 g, me ka lōʻihi o 500 mm.
Iʻa Baikal:
- pelargic me ka fin caudal fin, he mau barela nunui, 44-55 o lākou;
- He poʻo lōʻihi ko ka iʻa kahakai a ʻoi aku kahi kino kiʻekiʻe; noho nā stamens gill me ka liʻiliʻi a aia he hapa o lākou - 40-48 pcs. Kapa ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he stamen waena;
- kokoke-lalo-hohonu-wai - kanaka liʻiliʻi i hoʻonui ʻia. He lōʻihi a paʻakikī ko lākou mau stamens, ma kahi o 36-44 pcs. Hoʻonui ʻia ke poʻo ma kahi kino kiʻekiʻe me kahi fin caudal kiʻekiʻe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka omul?
Kiʻi: Omul i Lūkia
Puka mai nā ʻano pākeke semi-anadromous mai nā kahawai i nā kahawai a hoʻohana i ka wahi kai āpau o ke kai ʻākau no ka hānai ʻana. ʻO ia ka mea ʻākau ma ka ʻākau o nā keʻokeʻo āpau, ʻoi aku, noho ia i ka wai ma kahi o 22% salinity, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka wai paʻakai ʻoi. I ke kauwela, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma ke kai Kara a ma waho o ke kahakai o nā mokupuni ʻo Novosibirsk.
Loaʻa nā ʻano endemik Baikal ma ka loko a ma nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko. I ke kauwela, noho ia i ka papa waena a pae paha. I ke kauwela, hohonu ka ʻelele a me chivyrkuisky i ka hohonu a 350 m, i ka hoʻoilo a 500 m. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hele hohonu ka Selenginsky a me Severobaikalsky ma mua o 300 m.
I ka p. Bolshaya Kultuchnaya, r. Abramikha, r. ʻO Bolshaya Rechka, e kahe ana i ka Ambassadorial Sor, spawns the Ambassador species. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻi ka iʻa i ka loko. Selenga omul, kahi pelargic multi-rake, piʻi i mau haneli mau kilomita i luna o Selenga a komo i kāna mau kahawai ʻo Chikoy a me Orkhon. Hele ka omul ma waena o ka stuled omul i spawn i nā kahawai o ka lōʻihi waena: ma ka luna Angara, Kichera, Barguzin.
Piʻi ka omul hohonu-wai hohonu i ka wai no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a loaʻa kahi ala huakaʻi - a ʻelima km, ma nā kahawai liʻiliʻi ʻo Chivyrkuy a me Bezymyanka, a 30 mau mile ma ke kahawai ʻo Bolshoy Chivyrkuy a me Bolshaya Rechka.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka omul. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka omul?
Kiʻi: omul iʻa
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi nui o ka poʻe noho o ka Ice Tomsk Sea kahi o crustacean a me nā ʻōpio iʻa, ʻo kēia mau amphipods, mysids, ʻōpio o nā keʻokeʻo, polar cod, smelt. Momona loa nā kaiāulu, ua kahe ʻia lākou me nā loko o ka iʻa.
Loaʻa nā Pelargic Baikal kanaka ma kahi hohonu o 300-450 mau mika no lākou i kahi papaʻai momona e pili ana i ka zooplankton, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpio. ʻO ka hapa o ka papa kuhikuhi he benthos, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā meaola like ʻole e noho ana ma luna o ka lepo o ka wai a i loko o kāna mau papa luna. ʻO ka mea nui o ka papaʻai ka Baikal Epishura. ʻO Plankton, i haku ʻia o kēia mau copepod endemic liʻiliʻi, e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 90% o ka biomass o ka loko
Makemake ka makua omul i kahi mea noho ʻē aʻe o ka wai Baikal - ka Branitsky macrohectopus. Kāhea nā kamaʻāina i kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka Gammarids Yur. ʻO ia wale nō ka crustacean amphipod i ʻike ʻia i ka pelargia wai hou.
Mea hoihoi: No ka ulu ʻana i ka omul ʻōpio e kaupaona ana i 1 kg, pono ʻoe i 10 kg o Epishura copepods. Pono ka nui like e ulu i 1 kg o macrohectopus, hānai ʻia i kahi omul makua.
Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka epishura i ka wai ma mua o 30 tausani i 1 m3, ua hoʻololi loa ka omul i ka ʻai ʻana i nā amphipods, a hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana iā lākou. Aia kekahi endemik hou o Baikal - golomyanka. ʻO nā ʻōpio o kēia iʻa translucent, me ka momona, e hele e hoʻopiha i ka ʻai a ka omul me ka nele o nā copepods. I ka huina, loaʻa i ka papa kuhikuhi o ka Baikal omul nā ʻano iʻa he 45 a me nā invertebrates.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kau, ʻokoʻa paha ka papaʻai:
- i ke kauwela - epischura, iʻa ʻōpio (gobies, Arctic cod, slingshot);
- i ke kauwela - golomyanka, goby ʻēheu melemele, amphipods;
- i ka hoʻoilo - amphipods, golomyanka;
- i ka puna - amphipods, gobies ʻōpio;
- Ma nā ʻōpio o ka Yellowfly goby, kahi ʻano endemik ʻē aʻe, hānai ʻo omul i 9 mau mahina o ka makahiki.
Hoʻopuka ka goby iā ia ʻekolu manawa i ka makahiki: i Malaki, Mei a me ʻAukake, a noho a puni ka Lake Baikal, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka omul me kahi kahua paʻa pono paʻa.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi omul o nā ʻano kai, kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- macrohectopus 33%;
- pelbic gobies 27%;
- zooplankton 23%;
- nā mea ʻē aʻe 17%.
Ma kahi kokoke i lalo o ka hohonu o ke kai e noho nei i kahi hohonu o 350 m, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻopili meaʻai e:
- macrohectopus 52%;
- iʻa ʻōpio 25%;
- lalo gammarids 13%;
- ʻoihana 9%.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Baikal omul
Noho ʻo Omul no kahi manawa lōʻihi a hāʻawi i nā keiki i nā manawa he nui, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻelele o ke kai Ice Tomsk e hala pinepine i ka hana keiki ʻana a hiki ke hānau hou i nā manawa he 2-3 wale nō. ʻO ka heluna nui loa o ka Baikal omul ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Lake Baikal no ka Selenga, ke piʻi aʻe nei no ka pīpī ʻana ma kēia kahawai a me kekahi mau lālā kokoke i ka loko. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ke kauwela, mai ka hopena o Selenginskoe pāpaʻu ka wai mai ka hopena o ʻAukake a i ka hopena o Nowemapa piʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, i ka mahana o ka wai o 9-14 °. Hiki i ka pipi i 1.5 - 7 miliona mau poʻo, a ʻo ka helu o nā hua i kau ʻia he 25-30 biliona ʻāpana.
No ka hoʻoilo, hele ka omul i loko o ka hohonu, pili i ka laha, i loko o ke kai Maloye, ka wai papakū ʻo Verkhne-Angarskoye, Selenginskoye, nā kahawai ʻo Chevyrkuisky a me Barguzinsky (a hiki i 300 m), ka omul ambassadorial i ka wai pāpaʻu ʻo Selenginsky (200-350 m).
I ka puna, neʻe ka iʻa i kai. Hele ʻo ia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa e ʻimi i nā meaʻai. Ke hoʻomehana ka wai ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai a piʻi aʻe ma luna o 18 °, hoʻemi ka nui o epishura, hele ka omul i loko o ka loko hāmama, kahi i piʻi ʻole ai ke aupuni mahana ma luna o 15 °. I kēia manawa, ma aneʻi e hana ka hanauna nui a me ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano pelargic.
Ua hiki i ka North Baikal omul ke oʻo i ka hā o ka makahiki, ka Selenginsky, Barguzinsky, Chivyrkuisky - i ka lima, a me ka ʻelele - i ka hiku. I kēia makahiki, hoʻopili nā kānaka i ke kula ʻoiō. I loko o ka wā spawning, ʻaʻole ʻai ka iʻa, a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hānai nui (kapa ʻia nā lawaiʻa i kēia zhor), e hoʻomomona ana i ka momona.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki iā Omul ke hāʻawi i nā keiki a hiki i 15 mau makahiki, akā, ua nalowale kēia hiki, hoʻomau i ka pili ʻana i ka pūʻulu hānau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO Arctic omul
Hāpai ʻo Omul i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke oʻo kolohe. ʻO ka iʻa o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo e hele i uka o nā kahawai (koe wale no nā ʻano wai hohonu) a i hoʻokahi kaukani km, e kāʻalo ana i nā wai pāpaʻu a me nā kahakai.
Kū ka spawning i nā wahi kahe wikiwiki (holo wikiwiki i 1.4 m / s), ʻaʻole naʻe ma ke kiko o kēia manawa, kahi i kahi pebble a pōhaku lalo. Hana ka hanana i ka pouli. ʻO nā hua manu, 2 mm ka nui, ʻalani i ke kala. ʻO ka nui o nā hua i nā wahine ʻōpio he 5-15 tausani mau ʻāpana, i nā mākua - 20-30 tausani ʻāpana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka roe lalo i ka papa o ka lepo. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā embryos i kahi mahana o 0-2 ° ma kahi o 200 mau lā.
Komo ka Ambuladorial omul i nā kahawai i ʻelua mau manawa. ʻO ka hui mua i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa ma kahi mahana o 10-13 ° a i ʻOkakopa ma 3-4 °. Mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Mei, ua hatch nā larvae 10-12 mm i ka nui a me ke kaupaona ʻana 6 mg. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai i kēia manawa mai 0 ° a 6 °. Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a hiki i ka 11 ° a ʻoi aku ma luna o nā kahakai o Lake Baikal, hānau hou ʻia nā lūlū i loko o ka pā a hohola ʻia ma luna o ka loko.
Lawe ʻia ka palai e nā wai o nā kahawai i loko o ka ʻelele Nui Sor. No hoʻokahi mahina paha, ʻai lākou i ka plankton, a hiki i 5 mm o lākou. Aia nā papa inoa he 15 pūʻulu o 55 mau ʻano invertebrate. I ke kahua hope loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, 31 -35.5 mm ka lōʻihi o ka ʻai. I ka makahiki ʻelima o ke ola, pala ka omul, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 27 cm a me ke kaumaha o 0.5 kg.
I ʻOkakopa - Kēkēmapa, ma mua o ka paʻa ʻana o ka hau, ua ulu ka heluna o ka Baikal ʻAkau a me Selenga. Hoʻomoe ʻia ʻo Caviar i loko o hoʻokahi mahina i ka mahana o ka wai o 0 - 4 °. Me ka emi o ka mahana i ka hoʻomaka o ka embryogenesis, hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomohala a hiki ke kaʻina i nā lā 180.
ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa e hele aku e hua no ka manawa mua ʻokoʻa ma ka heluna kanaka.
- Selenginskaya - 33-35 cm 32.9-34.9 cm, 350-390 g;
- chivyrkuiskaya - 32-33 cm, 395 g;
- Severobaikalskaya - 28 cm, 265 -285 g;
- ʻelele - 34.5 - 35 cm, 560 - 470
ʻO ka helu o nā waihona e hele ana no ka ʻōnaehana pū kekahi i ka makahiki a me ka heluna kānaka, he 7.5 - 12 miliona mau poʻo, a ʻoi aku ka nui a hiki i ka 1.2 miliona ma ka Angara kiʻekiʻe a me Kichera, a hiki i 3 miliona ma Selenga. Ua waiho ʻo Selenga omul i ka nui o ka caviar - a i 30 biliona, ʻo Severobaikal - a hiki i 13 biliona, ʻelele - a i 1.5 biliona, Chivyrkuisky - a i 1,5 biliona. Ola nā hua i ka 5-10% ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o ka larva. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic, a hiki i ka 30% o nā larvae i hoʻi i ka loko.
Mea hoihoi: Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli hua i loaʻa i ka wā o ka incubation hana ma ka hānai iʻa Posolsk, hoʻokahi wale nō iʻa i hiki i ka oʻo wahine. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, mai loko mai o nā hua he 10,000 i waiho ʻia i nā kahawai maʻemaʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, he 6 mau hua e ola a hiki i ke oʻo ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o omul
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka omul?
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi o omul hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka sila Baikal, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi nui ʻo ia ʻo golomyanka, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo e ʻai i ka omul. Lawehala ka lawaiʻa ma ka Baikal pinniped, ʻoiai ke sila i ke aloha omul, paʻakikī e hopu iā ia i ka wai maʻemaʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka sila e piʻi i loko o nā ʻupena, kahi e nui ai nā iʻa.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi nā cormorant Baikal. ʻAi kēia mau manu i ka iʻa. I kēia manawa, ma muli o nā hana mālama kūlohelohe, ua hoʻonui ka helu o kēia mau manu, akā ʻaʻole naʻe hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi nui i ka heluna iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā omul a me nā bea, ʻoiai ʻo ia e ʻalo i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā kuahiwi kuahiwi, kahi e lawaiʻa pinepine ai ka clubfoot, akā aia he kula nui, a laila hāʻule kekahi mea i ka wāwae o ka bea. Alualu maikaʻi ʻia ka omul e kahi otter.
Hōʻike ʻia kahi mea weliweli i ka hana hou ʻana o omul e ka papahana hoʻonā peled no ka hana kalepa. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻai kēia iʻa, e like me ka omul, i ka plankton, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokūkū no ka lako o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka lua, i ka hopu ʻana i ka peled, e lawe pū ʻia ka omul, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi o kāna heluna kanaka.
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o omul ke kāne a me kāna mau hana. He lawaiʻa kēia iʻa mau, akā i ka hopena o ke 60 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ʻia ua heleleʻi nui ka nui o nā iʻa waiwai, i ka makahiki 1969 ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pāpā ma kāna lawaiʻa ʻana. Ua hāpai ʻia ka pāpā i nā makahiki he ʻumi ma hope. Mai ka lā ʻOkakopa 1, 2017, pāpā hou ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka omul, no ka mea, ua emi nui kāna biomass i loko o nā makahiki he 20 i hala a aia ma kahi o 20 tausani tona.
I ke kai ʻo Chivyrkuisky a me Barguzinsky, aia he mau manawa lawaiʻa ʻelua, ke hele ka omul i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu: ʻo ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau a ma mua o ke anahulu mua o Iulai, ʻo ka lua, ke hopu ʻia ka omul i nā hohonu loa (a i 200 mau mika) me nā ʻupena, ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana. I kēia manawa, laha loa ka ʻimi ʻana i ka moa. A hiki i nā 90 o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻupena hohonu, e kiʻi ana i ka omul mai ka papau a me ka hohonu o ka hohonu, a ua hoʻi ka iʻa i nā lua hoʻoilo i kahi nui nui.
No ka lōʻihi o ke kau lāʻau ʻana i ka lāʻau i hōʻino ʻia i omul a me ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa o Lake Baikal. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻoneoneo a me ka haumia o ka nohona i ka heluna omul. Mai ka 1966, kahi pulp a me ka wili pepa e hana nei ma ke kahakai o Lake Baikal, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 2013 wale nō. Hana kekahi mea kanu like ma Selenga.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Omul
ʻO ka heluna omul ma Lake Baikal i kahi kūlana kaumaha no nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima i hala. Hōʻike ʻia nā meaola biological e pili ana i ka ulu o ka ulu, nā momona, nā momona, nā momona. ʻO kēia kahi ma muli o ka emi ʻana o nā kahua hana hua o ka Yellowfly goby, kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui no ka omul.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ʻIchthyologist Tyunin ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana o ka omul e ka hana o ka lā, nā hoʻololi o ke kaʻina o ke aniau, ke ʻano o ka wai wela o ke kai. ʻO kēia kaho o nā recession he 40 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka recession hope loa ma nā 70 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hāʻule ka wā hou aʻe i ka hoʻomaka o nā 20 o kēia kenekulia.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā lawaiʻa nui loa i hana ʻia i nā makahiki 40 o ke kenekulia i hala. A laila hopu lākou i 60,000 - 80,000 tone i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua hoʻēmi ka waihona spawning mai ka ʻelima a ʻekolu miliona mau ʻāpana i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala. I nā ʻano he nui, ua kōkua ʻia kēia e ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kumu ma ke kahakai o ka loko, kahi i hōʻemi ai i ka nui o nā gobies a, ʻo ka hopena, omul. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, lawe ʻia nā mea e pāpā ʻole ai i ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hakakā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana. E hoʻomau ka pāpā ʻana ma ka hopu ʻana i ka omul a hiki i ka 2021. A hiki i kēlā manawa, e mālama ʻia ka nānā ʻana, a ma muli o nā hopena, e hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻomau a huki paha iā ia.
I kēia manawa, hana kope ʻia ʻo omul. ʻOi aku ma mua o 500 tausani mea hana i loko o kēia, a he 770 miliona mau ʻāpana. larva. I ka 2019, 410 omul larvae i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma nā mea kanu ʻo Bolsherechensky, Selenginsky, Barguzinsky, ʻo ia hoʻi he 4 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 2018 a me 8 mau manawa ma mua o nā makahiki ʻelua i hala. No ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ala holomua o ka hōʻiliʻili caviar, i hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hoʻi ola i ko lākou kūlohelohe. I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i ka pālākiō o ka lawaiʻa omul e 30% i mea e hoʻokuʻu ai i ʻoi aku ma mua o 650 miliona larva i kēia makahiki aʻe.
I mea e hoʻonui ai i nā iʻa, pono pono ke nānā aku i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai o nā muliwai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou mai kahi driftwood driftwood. E hoʻonui ka modernization o nā iʻa iʻa i ka nui o nā larvae i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a he mea pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i laila a hiki i ko lākou hiki ke hiki. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wao nahele, ka mālama ʻana o ke aupuni hydrological ma Lake Baikal a me nā lālā, nā ʻāina kūpono me ka ʻole o ka lepo e mālama i ke kaiaolaola a pili i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā iʻa omul.
Ka lā paʻi: ʻOkakopa 27, 2019
Lā hou: 01.09.2019 ma 21:14
