Punawelewele mite ua wehewehe mua ʻia i nā kākau a Karl Linnaeus i ka 18 kenekulia. ʻAeʻa kēia mau mea kolo i ko lākou inoa i nā wahine e hūnā i nā ʻāpala. Me kona kōkua, pale lākou iā lākou iho a me kā lākou mau keiki mai nā predators, nā loli o ka mahana, ka lepo, ka huʻihuʻi, nā makani ikaika. Hiki i nā Mites ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa i ke aloha i nā cobwebs a me ka makani.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, mite
ʻO ka mite punawelewele no ka ʻano artropod, ka papa arachnid, ka subclass mite. Heʻuʻuku kēia (0.2-1mm) arthropods e hānai i nā mea kanu. Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe iā lākou: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou kino kino; ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne a me kahi kino elongated.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā mākua i ke ʻano o ke kino paʻa. ʻO ko lākou kino, ʻokoʻa i nā larvae a me nā nymphs, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano kūlana wale nō, a ʻike wale ʻia nā laha o ka hemo ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka setae (Hittites). He hana maʻalahi kā ka bristles a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani transverse. He ʻokoʻa loa lākou i ko lākou ʻano, kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi o lākou e kau ai (ma ke kalaunu, ma ke kua, ma ka ʻaoʻao i lalo, ma ka sakumona, ma ka huelo).
Video: Punawelewele, mite
Nui a hewahewa ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana punawelewele:
- maʻamau - pili i ka ʻaneʻane o nā ʻano mea kanu;
- ʻulaʻula - ʻai i nā mea kanu i ka pō holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka citrus hoʻi;
- hawthorn - ola i nā lāʻau hua, nā hua pōhaku ʻelua a me nā hua pome (plum, cherry, cherry, peach, blackthorn, ʻāpala, pea, hawthorn);
- ʻO Turestan kahi parasite polyphagous e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu leguminous, nā hua pōhaku a me nā lāʻau hua pome;
- cyclamen - noho wale i nā lumi a i nā greenhouse, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa iā ia ma ke alanui; kau i nā cyclamens, geraniums, chrysanthemums, gloxinia, balsam;
- galic - makemake e kau i nā lau ʻōpio, i ke kaʻina o kona ola ʻana i nā warts (galls) ma luna o lākou;
- aʻa (bulbous) - noho i loko o nā pua pua, e hānai ana i kā lākou mauʻiʻo;
- ākea - makemake e noho ma nā hua citrus, cacti, ficuses, Saintpaulias, aucuba;
- wahaheʻe - noho wale i nā greenhouse, liʻiliʻi loa (0.3 mm), ʻaʻole ulana i kahi pūnaewele.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua ʻike iho nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i kekahi mau ʻano mites o ka superfamily Tetranychoidea, a ʻaʻohe kāne i loaʻa i waena o lākou.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mite punawelewele
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka mite punawelewele i loko o kahi cuticle lahilahi a ʻoi paha me nā pelu, nā kiko a i ʻole nā tubercles. Hiki i nā uhi o kahi cuticle ka mānoanoa ke hana i kekahi ʻano pale. Hiki ke translucent, melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻalani, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ke kino o nā ticks, kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou laha. Nānā ʻole i ke kala o ke kino, ma o ka uhi o waho o ka ʻenekena, ʻike mau ʻia nā mea o loko i ke ʻano o kahi wahi ʻeleʻele.
ʻEhā pālua o nā wāwae lahilahi nā mākua o nā tikika a me nā nymph, a ʻekolu wale nō o nā larvae. Ma nā wēlau o ko lākou mau wāwae, he lako paʻa ko lākou i ke ʻano o nā māiʻuʻu. Me kā lākou kōkua, pili paʻa nā tick i nā koʻokoʻo a me nā lau. Aia nā genital o nā kuʻi wahine ma ka ʻōpū, a ma nā kāne, ma ka hope o ke kino. ʻO nā hāmeʻa waha o kēia mau mea kolo he ʻano ʻūlū piʻo ia a hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi ʻia no ka hou ʻana i ka ʻili o nā mea kanu a komo i ka wai huna.
ʻO ke gland, nāna ke kuleana o ka hana ʻana i ka pūnaewele, aia ma ke poʻo (ma ka wahine wale nō a me nā nymphs) a aia i loko o nā ʻāpana pōkole (pedipalps), i ulu pū i ka wā o ka evolution. Ma ka lua o ka ʻāpana poʻo o ke kino, ʻehā mau maka ʻulaʻula o nā ticks e pane wale ana i nā nalu lōʻihi o ke aniani uila.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i nā ana e hakakā ai i nā mites punawelewele. E nānā ma hea kahi e loaʻa ai kēia pepeke.
Ma hea e noho ai ka spider mite?
Kiʻi: Spider mite ma Lūkia
Hiki ke loaʻa nā mites punawelewele i nā wahi āpau a koe ʻo Antarctica. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole kaupalena ʻia nā palena o ko lākou wahi e nā wahi kai, akā e ka awelika o ka mahana, ʻo ia ka 4.5 ° plus. Ma mua wale nō o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau mea kolo i wehewehe ʻia ma Rūsia wale nō. Ke hiki a hewahewa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu, hiki i nā tick ke neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi e hānai ai ma kahi mamao loa. Kōkua pinepine ʻia lākou e ka makani. Ke kolo nei nā mite pōloli i ka lihi o nā lau a hana i nā pōpō ola e ʻohi ʻia e ka makani.
Hoʻoikaika nui nā mites punawelewele i ka wā mahana a me ka maloʻo. I ka wā ua a me ka hoʻonui iki o ka mahana, lilo lākou i mea kāohi ʻia. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana excretory o nā arthropods no ka hemo ʻana o ka nui o ka wai i komo i ko lākou kino me ka meaʻai. Ma muli o kēia, hooki lākou i ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, no ka mea i kapa ʻia ka pōloli physiological.
I ke kauwela, ke iho ka lōʻihi o nā hola awakea i 16 mau hola, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mite punawelewele wahine momona e lua i ka lepo a komo i kahi kūlana kūikawā - diapause. I kēia manawa, lohi kā lākou hana i ke ola. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe a ʻai ʻole i kekahi mea, hoʻopau lākou i 5 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka oxygen. I kēia manawa, kūpaʻa ke kino o ka tick i nā loli koke o ka mahana, ka nui o ka wai, a me nā hopena o nā insecticides.
He aha ka ʻai a ka spider mite?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, mite ma kahi mea kanu
ʻO ka papa mider spider kahi o nā kohu o nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻouka lākou i nā mea kanu ʻōpio, ʻoiai me ka hapa nui o lākou (ʻoi loa i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kau mua), ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā mea kahiko. Ma nā wēlau o ko lākou mau wāwae, he mau manamana wāwae kūikawā ko ka ticks e hana ana i nā lua he nui ma ke kua o nā lau. Kahe ka wai momona o waho o kēia mau lua, kahi omo nā kolo me kā lākou waha.
Loaʻa nā salivary glands o kahi mite i kahi enzyme hōʻeuʻeu kūikawā e luku i nā chloroplasts (nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo) o nā mea kanu a ʻānai hapa i kā lākou meaʻai. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hānai kēia mau arthropods i ka kohu o nā mauʻu like ʻole a me nā kumulāʻau deciduous, akā i kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau mea aloha i ka flora coniferous.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā mite punawelewele he polyphages, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā ʻano mea kanu he nui, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe - ma nā oligophages (kahi palena o nā ʻano mea kanu, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka ʻohana like - nightshade, legume, melons, geraniums, a pēlā aku); ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he monopona (ola ma hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ulu).
Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia i nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā mites punawelewele:
- pulupulu;
- nā melona a me nā ʻumeke;
- laau hua;
- nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani hoʻonaninani i nā greenhouse, ma nā puka aniani puka, ma ke kula ākea.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, mite i ka māla
I loko nō o kā lākou aneane microscopic, ʻo nā mite punawelewele he weliweli maoli ia o nā mea ulu a me nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia. I kahi manawa pōkole, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha ʻaʻole wale i nā hōʻiliʻili home o nā mea kanu, akā i nā nursery nui e hana nei i ka mahi ʻana o nā pua. ʻEkolu mau wāwae o nā wāwae tick. Ma hope o ʻelua molts, loaʻa iā lākou kahi pālua hou a lilo i poʻe mākua - makua. Noho nā wahine ma ka awelika 5 a 40 mau lā.
ʻO ka mahana hōʻoluʻolu loa no ke ola a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mites punawelewele mai ka plus 25-30 ° C. I kēia manawa, ko lākou ulu piha (mai ka hua manu a i ke kanaka makua) lawe i 7-8 mau lā. Ke hāʻule ke ana wela, 28-32 mau lā ke kaʻina hana. Noho ka maʻa spider ma ke kua o nā lau. Ma laila ʻo ia e hana ai i nā lua liʻiliʻi a omo i ka wai momona.
ʻO nā lau i hōʻino ʻia i kēia ala a lilo i maloʻo, mae a maloʻo. ʻOiai kahi infestation liʻiliʻi me kēia mau mea pest hiki ke hoʻololi nui i ka ulu ʻana o kahi mea kanu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ticks, ke emi nui nei ka hiki o ka mea kanu i ka photosynthesize. A me ka ʻole o kēia hana nui, nāwaliwali nā mea kanu a make paha.
Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā hola o ke ao i 14 mau hola, hiki wale i nā hoʻoilo wahine hoʻoilo ke ulu. Mahalo i ka diapause, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i kahi hāʻule o ka mahana a hoʻemi ʻia i ka 28 ° C.
I ke kauwela, ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka ea a hoʻonui i ka 12-14 ° C, ala aʻe nā ticks wahine, kolo i waho o ka lepo a noho ma ke kua o nā lau o nā mea kanu, e ulana nui iā lākou me nā ʻōpena
Maʻaneʻi lākou e hoʻomoe ai i nā hua manu, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo ua haʻalele lākou i ka momona. ʻO ka mea mua loa - nā keiki puna o ka spider mites e hoʻomohala ma ka swan, nettle, plantain. Ma ka waenakonu o Iulai, neenee iki nā arthropods i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: mite punawelewele insect
Hoʻohua wale nā mite punawelewele ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi - aia ka mahana o ka ea ma luna o 25 ° C a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40%). Me ka hoʻēmi o ka mahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka waiū, mālama pinepine nā ticks (ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau) e hāʻule i kahi diapause wā pōkole a lilo paha i lethargic nui a kāohi ʻia. I nā tropika a me nā greenhouse, hiki ke hoʻomau i kā lākou hana hou ʻana no hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā mite punawelewele ke hoʻoulu i 20 mau manawa i 12 mau mahina.
Hana ʻia ka mea hānai i loko o nā mites punawelewele me ka waiho ʻole ʻia o nā capsule me ka wai seminal, akā ma ke komo ʻana o ke kino genital o ke kāne i kahi wehe kūikawā ma ka ʻōpū o ka wahine. ʻAʻohe loli ka hoʻāhu ʻana me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā hunaola germ kāne (puʻupaʻa).
Hoʻomoe ka tick tick wahine i kāna mau hua i nā hui liʻiliʻi (1-2-3 pcs.), Hoʻopili iā lākou me nā cobwebs. Poepoe nā hua o ka mite, pālahalaha iki ʻia ma lalo a luna me kahi ʻāpana, alohilohi o ka beige kukui. He huelo lahilahi ko kēlā me kēia hua manu ma luna. Hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i nā hua ma nā wahi like ʻole: ma nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, ma lalo o nā lau i hina, i ka honua, ma loko o nā lau ʻōpio, a ma nā paia o nā ipu pua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i nā hua manu ke paʻa no 3-5 mau makahiki, a laila hoʻomaka hou i ko lākou ulu hou ʻana.
Ma hope o 3 mau lā, hatch ka larvae mai nā hua manu, a lilo i mau nū i ka lā. Lawe ʻia i 3-4 mau lā no ka nymph e hoʻoheheʻe ai a me nā pae 1-2 o ka hoʻomohala. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻoheheʻe hope loa nā nymphs a lilo i kanaka makua a makua makua hoʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hōʻoia ʻia i ka hapanui o nā laha, hatch nā mite wahine mai nā hua manu momona, a me nā kāne mai nā hua hua ʻole.
Pili pono ka pōʻaiapuni ola o nā mite punawelewele i ka wela o ka wela. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka hoʻohui 20 ° C, hala nā pae a pau o ka hoʻomohala i 20 mau lā, ma ka hoʻohui 25 ° C - i 10-14 mau lā, ma 30-33 ° C - i nā lā he 5-8 wale nō. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ola o nā mites punawelewele hiki ke hala i 16-30 mau lā.
Ke hāʻule ka mahana o ke ao ma lalo + 18 ° C, nānā nā mites punawelewele i kahi wahi kaʻawale no lākou iho a hele i ka hibernation (diapause).
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā spider mites
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mite punawelewele
ʻOiai ʻo ka mite punawelewele he pest ia, he kamaʻilio kolohe paha e pili ana i kona mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia parasite. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui loa o ka mite punawelewele, ʻo ia ka mite predatory Phytoseiulus persimilis, no ka ʻohana kūikawā o nā mites parasite Phytoseiidae.
ʻO kona homeland ka tropics, mai kahi i lawe ʻia ai i nā ʻāina ʻākau ʻē aʻe i ka wā ma mua (i ka makahiki 1963). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka kaohi pest i nā hale hoʻoulu ʻenehana nui a me nā hale hoʻoulu. ʻO ka mite predatory ma luna o ke kino o ka mite punawelewele, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō e ʻai ola ana.
Eia kekahi, hānai nā mites punawelewele i ʻelua mau ʻano kikoʻī ʻē aʻe - Amblyseius a me Metaseiulus occidentalis. I nā latitu ʻākau, ʻaʻohe makemake o nā beetle ladybug kamaʻāina i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, 10-15 mau makahiki wale nō i hala, ua ʻike ʻia kahi bacteria bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis kūikawā i hiki ke pepehi i nā mite punawelewele.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i ka makemake i makemake nui ʻia e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ticks, akā i nā ʻano o ka hale hana, nui loa. Ma ke kumu o nā spores o kēia koʻohune, hana ʻia nā huahana meaola kūikawā i kēia lā e kōkua i ka hemo ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu spider ma kahi liʻiliʻi a me ka pā nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, mite
Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka mites punawelewele i kahi ʻāina nui loa: nā ʻāina āpau, koe wale ʻo Antarctica. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, noho ke ola kēia mea ʻino ma nā wahi āpau ʻaʻole e hiolo ka mahana ma lalo o ka 4.5 ° C. Eia kekahi, i ka lepo i pale ʻia (greenhouse, greenhouse, ma windowsills), hiki ke loaʻa ka tick ma ka Arctic, ma Alaska a ma ka North North hoʻi.
ʻO ka mite punawelewele he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ia, kokoke i ka microscopic arthropod arachnid. He pōpilikia weliweli ia, ʻoiai ʻo kāna "papa kuhikuhi" he 200 a ʻoi paha o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia. Mai nā hua a me nā hua berry, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ʻano pōhaku a me nā ʻano hua pome, a me nā legume a me nā melon. Hoʻokaʻawale ka mite i ka pulupulu a ma ka piko o ka hana hou ʻana (i ka wela a me ka maloʻo) hiki iā ia ke luku i nā māla holoʻokoʻa he mau haneli heka.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i nā ticks ka bisexual, parthenogenetic i kekahi manawa. ʻO nā wahine momona wale nō e hele i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e komo ai i ka diapause, ʻo ke koena o nā mākua, a ʻo nā kāne pū kekahi, e make. ʻAʻole lawa ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā arthropods a ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi i kahi wā pōkole loa - a i 8 mau lā. I nā wahi anilā like ʻole, hiki i ka mite punawelewele ke hāʻawi mai ʻewalu a iwakālua mau hanauna i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea ʻino weliweli loa o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia spider mite... Heʻuʻuku lākou, hoʻonui wikiwiki a i kahi manawa pōkole hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā mea kanu. Ma waena o nā mea ʻino a pau i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo nā kikiki ka mea weliweli a paʻakikī hoʻi e kaohi, no laila, ʻaʻole holo pono nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ke kāohi iā lākou a pinepine pono e hoʻohana i nā fungicides.
Ka lā paʻi: 17.10.2019
Lā hou: 08/30/2019 ma 22:08
