Asp - He iʻa kūpono nui kēia. Ke hoʻokūkū mau nei nā lawaiʻa me kekahi i kekahi e hopu i ka hōʻike nui loa. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe he nui ka nui o nā iwi iʻa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻemi i kona kaulana i ka liʻiliʻi. Nui a nui nā kahu hānai kahi i hānai ʻia ai kēia iʻa no nā ʻoihana ʻona, a i ʻole no kou leʻaleʻa ponoʻī. Ma waena o ka poʻe, he nui nā inoa ʻē aʻe o ka asp - lio, paʻa, keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā mea mua ma muli o kahi kaila hopu holoholona kikoʻī. Kāhea ʻia ka iʻa keʻokeʻo ma muli o ka unahi ʻole o nā unahi kala ʻole. ʻO Asp kekahi ʻano iʻa i mahele hou ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Asp
Pili ka asp i nā holoholona chordate, ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia, ke ʻākana carp, ka ʻohana carp, ka genus a me nā laha o ka asp i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka papa. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ichthyologists ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike piha e pili ana i ke kumu a me ka ulu ʻana o kēia lunamakaʻāina o cyprinids. Nui nā mana o ke kumu o kēia mau iʻa. Wahi a kekahi o nā kumumanaʻo e kū nei, ua noho nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka asp modern i ka ʻāina o ke kapakai o Kina hou, Iapana, a me nā ʻāina ʻĀsia ʻē aʻe.
Video: Asp
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana kahiko loa o nā iʻa o kēia au i kū ma ka honua i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā fossil kahi i loaʻa ai ke koena o ka iʻa. He kino kino elongated ko ke ola kai kūloko, he ʻano like ko lākou me nā peʻa o kēia wā, akā nele lākou i nā ā. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa kahiko me nā unahi paʻa, a ua like kona ʻano me ka pūpū. ʻO ka huelo i ke ʻano o nā pā ʻālua.
ʻO ka iʻa o ia manawa ke alakaʻi i kahi noho nohona a noho i ka hohonu pāpaʻu. Ma kahi o 11-10 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma muli o ka hopena o ka evolution, ua hoʻomaka nā mea ola e kū i waho e like loa me ka iʻa o kēia ao. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko kēia mau kānaka. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna o ko lākou kino me nā unahi, ʻāwīwī, a hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi i kekahi.
Eia hou, i ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution a me nā loli i nā kūlana aniau, ua hoʻomaka ka iʻa e māhele ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole. E pili ana i ka nohona, ua hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia ʻano kikoʻī e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano, ka nohona a me ka papaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka asp?
ʻO ka keʻokeʻo kahi iʻa o ka ʻohana carp. E like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana carp, nui nā iwi o ia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka iʻa e kona kino nui, nui a pōkole hoʻi, nona ke ʻano o ka spindle. Pololei ke kua a ākea ākea, pena ʻia i kahi ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa kala ʻeleʻele. Hinahina nā ʻaoʻao o nā iʻa i ke kala, a pena ʻia ka ʻōpū ma ke kālā wale nō. Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me nā unahi kala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ikaika a nui hoʻi ka huelo o ka asp. E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kāna ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka luna. Hoʻomaopopo nā ʻIchthyologists i kekahi mau hōʻailona kūwaho kūwaho.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho o ka asp:
- poʻo elongated, poʻohiwi;
- waha nui;
- iwi ā lalo nui;
- hina ke poʻo o ka dorsal a me nā caudal a ʻeleʻele nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo;
- nā ʻino ʻē aʻe āpau e waiho ana ma ke kino o ka iʻa i ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻalani ma ke kumu a hina i ka hopena.
Nui aʻe ke poʻo, elongated i ke ʻano. He lehelehe nui, ʻiʻo a me kahi iwi ā lalo e protruding ana. ʻAʻohe o ka niho o kēia mau ʻelele o nā carps. Ma kahi o, aia nā tubercles kūikawā a me nā lua kai. Aia nā tubercles ma ka iwi ā lalo. Aia nā notch ma luna a manaʻo ʻia no ka puka o nā tubercles, aia ma lalo. Hāʻawi kēia ʻāpana ʻāpana iā ʻoe e hopu koke i kahi mea pio, i loaʻa ʻole kahi manawa o ke ola. ʻO kēlā ʻano o ka hāmeʻa waha e ʻae i ka asp e alualu a hiki i ka mea pio nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kupaianaha, aia kekahi mau incisors i ka asp pharynx.
Nā mākua, hiki i nā kānaka nunui ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 1-1.3 mika. ʻO ke kino o ia iʻa he 11-13 kilokika. ʻO ka awelika ka nui o ke kanaka moekolohe he 50-80 centimika, a ʻo ka nui he 6-7 kilokilo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka asp?
Kiʻi: Asp i Lūkia
He picky loa ʻo Asp e pili ana i nā kūlana ola. He mea nui ia no kēia ʻano iʻa i loaʻa kahi waihona wai nui hohonu a hohonu. Pono e loaʻa ka wai kahe maʻemaʻe a me ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen. ʻAʻole loa e loaʻa nā iʻa i loko o nā waihona i hoʻohaumia ʻia a i ʻole lawa ka nui o ka meaʻai. Noho ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu i nā panalāʻau o Rūkia i nā waihona wai nui, nā muliwai nui, nā kai a me nā loko. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa paʻa ʻia ke keʻokeʻo ma nā kai hema o Lūkia, nā loko Laki a me Baletika.
Liʻiliʻi ka ʻāina o nā wahi iʻa. Ua moe aʻe ia ma ka Hikina a me kahi ʻāpana o ʻEulopa Komohana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ʻIchthyologists iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ma waena o ka muliwai Ural a me ka muliwai Rhine. ʻO kēia ala wai ka mea nui loa ma ʻEulopa a holo i nā ʻāina ʻeono o ʻEulopa. Hōʻike ʻia nā palena hema o ka iʻa iʻa e nā ʻāpana o ʻAkia Waena: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan.
ʻO nā palena hema o kahi iʻa e komo pū kekahi:
- Ke kai Caspian;
- Kai Aral;
- Amu Darya;
- ʻO Syrdarya.
Kakaikahi ka nui o nā iʻa i loaʻa ma ke kai Svityaz, Neva, Onega a me Ladoga. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā Asp ma Lake Balkhash. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma laila ma ke ʻano hana ʻole.
He aha ka asp e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: As asp
Ma ke kūlohelohe, he predator ka asp. Eia nō naʻe, kūʻē i ke kāʻei o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, kū ia i waho no kāna ʻano ʻimi ʻokoʻa loa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: E hopu i kāna mea pio, lele ka iʻa kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka wai a hāʻule wale ma luna ona. No laila, kūleʻa ʻo ia i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa. Ma hope o kēlā, maʻalahi hiki iā ia ke hopu iā ia a ale iā ia.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hāmeʻa waha a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kona hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike i ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa i ka papa luna a i waena paha o ka wahi o ka wai. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka asp i ka nui i lawa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 35 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, a loaʻa ke kaumaha o ke kino e pono ai, hoʻomaka ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona predatory. I ka manawa o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui ka lako o ka plankton a me nā iʻa aquatic.
Lako meaʻai no nā mākua:
- vobla;
- bream;
- molluscs;
- zander;
- gudgeon;
- pāpaʻa kālā;
- chub;
- crustaceans liʻiliʻi.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka roach a i ʻole ka bream i ka meaʻai punahele o ka keʻokeʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka wai hou, nā larvae, nā ʻai a me nā hua o nā ola kai like ʻole. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Asp he undemanding piha ʻole i ka meaʻai, no laila ʻai ia i kēlā me kēia mea i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he meaʻai iʻa. ʻImi i ka iʻa no ka iʻa kūpono i kahi kumu meaʻai i ka nui. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā poʻe nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻoi aku i 15 kenimika. ʻAno ʻē kēia mau mea hoʻomaloka ke kali no kā lākou mea pio ma kahi mehameha. Alualu mau lākou iā ia a hoʻokūʻū iā ia me ka hahau ʻana i ka wai.
I ka wā ua nui, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aniau anuanu, a i ʻole ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole, kokoke ka hohonu o ka iʻa i lalo. Piʻi wale lākou i ka manawa i luna e māʻona ai kā lākou pōloli. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, nāwaliwali loa ka iʻa. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona predatory a alualu i kā lākou mea pio no ka manawa lōʻihi. I kēia wā, a hiki i ka wā e ikaika ai lākou, hānai lākou i nā mea kolo, nā ʻūlū, nā wai hou a me nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe o nā waihona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Asp ma lalo o ka wai
Makemake kēia ʻelele o ka carp i nā wahi kahawai me ke au wikiwiki, keu hoʻi i nā loka a me nā hana wai. ʻO ia mau wahi ka nohona kūpono no ka iʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kūlana kūpono a pau no ka huli kūleʻa a me ka lawa kūpono o ka lako o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka walaʻau o ka wai a me ka wailele e hūnā a uhi maka i nā hopena ma luna o ka wai, me ke kōkua o ka iʻa i loaʻa ka ʻai. Ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke kahe a me ka wai, ʻano laha ʻole ka iʻa.
ʻO Asp kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka ʻohana carp. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kolohe a, i ka lawa ʻana o ka nui, alakaʻi i kahi nohona predatory. ʻIke loa ke keʻokeʻo i ka mahana o ka wai. He mana koʻikoʻi ko kēia ana i ka nui a me ke ola o ke ola. Kuhi ʻia kēia iʻa he kenekulia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻIchthyologists ke koho i ka makahiki kikoʻī, akā ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoholo i kekahi poʻe i ola i 13-15 mau makahiki.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi ola lōʻihi i ka wikiwiki o ka uila. Eia kekahi, hilahila loa ka iʻa. Inā ʻike ʻo ia i ke aka e hele mai ana mai kahi mamao aku, peʻe koke ʻo ia i kahi mehameha a palekana. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i loko o nā kula i mea e hoʻonui ai i kā lākou helu a hoʻonui i ka manawa e ola ai. Ke ulu nei nā kula, wāwahi lākou a alakaʻi ka iʻa i kahi nohona kaʻawale wale nō. Kūleʻa ʻole ka iʻa i kā lākou meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kēlā me kēia mea i hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka wai o ka muliwai. Ma muli o kēia, ulu wikiwiki lākou a loaʻa ke kaumaha o ke kino.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Asp ma ka Volga
Kū ʻo Puberty ma kahi o ka makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola. Mākaukau ka iʻa no ka hānai ʻana ke ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika. ʻO nā makahiki hānau i nā iʻa e noho ana ma nā ʻĀkau ʻākau he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki paha ma hope o ka iʻa e noho ana ma nā wahi hema.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau hānau e pili pono i ke aniau a me ka mahana o ka wai i ka iʻa iʻa. I nā wahi hema, hoʻomaka ka ʻōhua i ka waena o ʻApelila a mau no kekahi mau pule. ʻO ka wela o ka wai maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana mai 7 a 15 mau kekelē. Ua hua mai ʻo Asp i mau pālua, no laila, he nui nā pālua i hua i ka ʻāina like i ka manawa like, kahi e ulu ai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻouluulu pūʻulu.
Mea hoihoi: I ke kaʻina o ka hana kope, hoʻonohonoho nā kāne i nā hoʻokūkū no ka pono e hoʻohua i ka wahine. I ke ʻano o ia mau hakakā, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokau i ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi a me ka hōʻino ʻia o kekahi i kekahi.
Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Asp i kahi kūpono no ka hānau ʻana. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, kū kēia i nā kaʻe one a lepo paha i ka moena o nā waihona wai e noho mau ʻia. I ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana, piʻi kiʻekiʻe nā mea he nui i luna, ʻoiai ke neʻe kūʻē nei lākou i kēia au. Hānau mai kahi wahine waena ma kahi o 60,000 - 100,000 mau hua, i kau ʻia ma nā kumu a me nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu e make ana i ka hoʻoilo. Uhi ʻia nā hua i ka lāʻau kāwili, ma muli o ia paʻa paʻa ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka mahana o ka wai maikaʻi loa, ʻike ʻia nā larvae ma kahi o 3-4 mau pule. Inā ʻo ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o ka awelika, puka mai nā larvae mai nā hua manu ma hope.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe asp
Kiʻi: Asp nui
He iʻa iʻa ʻo Asp, iʻa iʻa kolohe, a na ke ʻano maoli i hāʻawi ʻia me ka akahele loa, ka lohe nui, ka ʻike a me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai i loko o ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana ka iʻa, kaohi ia i nā wahi āpau a puni a ke ʻike nei hoʻi i kahi pilikia a ʻenemi paha mai kahi mamao aku. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he nui nā ʻenemi o nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā larvae, a no laila lākou e ʻākoakoa ai i nā hipa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke keʻokeʻo:
- limu;
- cormorants;
- osprey;
- nā aeto;
- ʻo nā iʻa predatory ka nui.
Me kaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka iʻa akahele loa a hāʻawi ʻia me nā mea ulu i ulu, alakaʻi ia i kahi nohona walaʻau. Ma kēia mea, lilo ka asp i mea o ka wili lawaiʻa ʻana i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa. Eia naʻe, paʻakikī loa e hopu iā ia.
Eia kekahi, pili pono ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i ka haumia o nā kino wai e noho ai nā iʻa. Lilo kēia i kumu no ka make ʻana o kahi iʻa nui, keu hoʻi inā haumia ka wai me ka silt ʻoihana me nā ʻōpala ʻenehana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka asp?
I kēia lā, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka nui o nā iʻa i nā wahi like ʻole o kona wahi noho. ʻO nā kumu nui o kēia hanana ka lawaiʻa ʻana e nā ʻupena o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i hiki ʻole ke ola a hiki i ka wā hānau, a me ka haumia o ko lākou wahi maoli.
I kēia lā, ʻo nā subspecies e like me Central Asian asp ka mea liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o kēia subspecies ke kahawai kahawai tiger ma nā panalāʻau o nā mokuʻāina e like me ʻIraka a me Suria.
Me ka emi o ka heluna kanaka, hoʻonui nui ke kumukūʻai o kēia iʻa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka ulu nui ʻana o nā poachers. Hoʻohana lākou i nā mea i pāpā ʻia a me nā mea lawaiʻa no ka hopu holoholona asp. I ka wahi o ka asp, noho nā mea hānai hulu nui ma kahi kokoke, kahi e hopu ai iā lākou mai ka wai i ka wā o ka huli holoholona, kahi e hoʻemi ai i kā lākou helu.
Hoʻololi nā hopena o ke aniau a me ka hōʻalili ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka. Hoʻowīwī loa ka iʻa i nā phenomena. Ma muli o nā loli i ka mahana o ka wai, ua emi ka manawa o ke ola a hoʻolohi ʻia ka wā hānau.
Kiaʻi asp
Kiʻi: Asp mai ka Red Book
Ma muli o ka emi mau o ka helu o ka asp, a ʻo ka helu o ka Central Asia asp he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano laha ʻole e kokoke ana e pau a komo i loko o ka International Red Book.
E pili ana i kēia, ʻo ka International Association for the Protection of Rare Representatives o ka Handicap a me Fauna ke hoʻomohala nei i nā papahana kūikawā i manaʻo ʻia e mālama a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā asps. Hoʻopili lākou i kahi ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka nohona, ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe a me nā mea e pono ai e hana i kahi nohona kūpono no ka mahi ʻana iʻa i nā ʻano hana.
I nā wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi me ke kōkua o nā ʻupena a me nā ʻano pāpā a me nā kumu. Mālama ʻia ka wahi iʻa a mākaʻikaʻi mau ʻia e ka nānā ʻana o ka iʻa. Kū ka poʻe hana hewa i ke kānāwai a me nā lula o kēia manawa i ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻopaʻi ma ke ʻano o ka uku ma kahi pālākiō.
ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana, nona ka ʻōpala e hiki ai ke hoʻohaumia i ka nohona kūlohelohe a me ka make ʻana o ka iʻa, koi ʻia e hoʻolako i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōpala.
Asp He iʻa iʻa, kahi iʻa nui o ka ʻohana carp. He ʻono kūikawā kā kāna ʻiʻo a me kahi ākea ākea o nā mea pono i nā kānaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i nele i ka nui o nā iwi. I kēia lā ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o kēia mau iʻa, a no laila ua helu ʻia ka asp i loko o ka International Red Book.
Ka lā paʻi: 06.10.2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 12:18
