ʻAlapika ʻAlapika

ʻAlapika ʻAlapika ʻo ia kekahi o nā māmela wao nahele nui loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAlapia a ua lilo ia i mea nui o kona hoʻoilina i loko o ka mōʻaukala. Ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana i ka nāhelehele, noho hou ia ma ka Peninsula maloʻo ʻo ʻAlapia. ʻO kēia ʻano he antelope wao nahele i hoʻololi nui ʻia i kona wahi wao nahele ʻino.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Arabian Oryx

Ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka Arabry hihiu hope loa ʻo Oryx, kahi antelope kalima nui me ke kani ʻana o nā pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele, ua hālāwai i kona hopena ma nā wao nahele ʻo Oman - i kī ʻia e kahi mea hahai holoholona. ʻO ke alualu ʻole ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i alakaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka make mua o nā holoholona. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻōla ʻia ka heluna kanaka a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia.

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu genetic o ka heluna Omani hou o ka Arabian oryx i 1995 i hōʻoia i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka hou i loko o ka lāhui ʻōiwi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hui ma waena o nā coefficients o ka inbreeding a me nā ʻāpana o ke olakino, ʻoiai aia he mau hui ma waena o nā helu o ka hoʻololi o ka microsatelit DNA a me ke ola o nā ʻōpio, e hōʻike ana i ke kaumaha inbreeding a me ka inbreeding depression. ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i loko o Oman e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ka weliweli nui i ka hiki ke heluna kanaka.

Video: ʻAlapia ʻAryx

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike genetic i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale heluna lehulehu ma waena o ka hapa nui o nā hui Oryx Arabian, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka Arabian Oryx i hopena i ka hoʻohuihui nui ʻana ma waena o nā lehulehu.

I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ka poʻe he mana kilokilo kēia holoholona kilohana: ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kupaianaha a hoʻolilo i kahi kanaka i ka make wai. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua kōkua ke koko i nā nahu nahesa. No laila, alualu pinepine ka poʻe i kēia antelope. Ma waena o nā inoa kūloko i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka oryx Arabian ʻo Al-Maha. Kaupaona ka oryx wahine ma kahi o 80 kg a kaupaona nā kāne ma kahi o 90 kg. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i nā kāne ke piʻi i 100 kg.

Mea leʻaleʻa: Noho ke Arabian Oryx no 20 mau makahiki ma ka noho pio ʻana a ma ka nāhelehele inā maikaʻi nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. Me ka maloʻo, hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ke ola.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka Arabian Oryx

ʻO ka Arabian Oryx kekahi o nā ʻano ʻehā o ka antelope ma ka honua. ʻO kēia ka lālā liʻiliʻi loa o ka genus Oryx. He lālani ʻeleʻele kā lākou a ua pau ka huelo keʻokeʻo me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻO ko lākou mau helehelena, pāpālina, a me ka ʻāʻī he eleeleʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele e hoʻomau ana ma ko lākou umauma. He loloa, wīwī ko nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻaneʻane pololei, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Hiki lākou i 50 a 60 cm ka lōʻihi. Ke kaupaona nei i 90 kg, kaupaona nā kāne 10-20 kg ma mua o nā wahine. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpio me ka lole ʻeleʻele e hoʻololi i ko lākou oʻo ʻana. Liʻiliʻi ka ʻohana o Arabian Oryx, 8 a 10 mau kānaka wale nō.

He kapa keʻokeʻo ko ka Arabian Oryx me nā māka ʻeleʻele ma kona alo a ʻeleʻele kona wāwae i ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Hōʻike kona kapa keʻokeʻo nui i ka wela o ka lā i ke kauwela, a i ka hoʻoilo, huki ʻia ka lauoho ma kona kua e huki a hei i ka wela o ka lā. He ākea ko lākou ākea no kahi mamao aku ma nā ʻiliʻili a me ke one. ʻO nā pepeiaohao e like me ka ihe ka mea kaua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana a me ka hakakā ʻana.

Hoʻohui ʻokoʻa ka Arabian Oryx e noho i kahi penikala maloʻo loa. Noho lākou i nā pāpū a me nā puʻu one. ʻO ko lākou mau ākea ākea e ʻae iā lākou e hele maʻalahi ma ke one.

ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: No ka mea ʻaʻohe maka o ka ʻili o ka Araby oryx a i ʻole ke aniani, paʻakikī loa e ʻike iā lākou ma kahi o 100 mau mika. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike ʻia.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka oryx keʻokeʻo. E ʻike kāua i kona wahi i noho ai i kona ʻano kūlohelohe.

Ma hea e noho ai ka oryx Arab?

Kiʻi: Arabian Oryx i ka wao akua

ʻO kēia holoholona he endemikā i ka Arabian Peninsula. I ka 1972, ua pio ka Arabian Oryx i ka nahelehele, akā ua hoʻopakele ʻia e nā zoo a me nā mālama pilikino, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ka nahele hihiu mai ka makahiki 1980, a ʻo ka hopena, ke noho nei nā lehulehu hihiu i Israel, Saudi Arabia a me Oman, me nā papahana hou hou i ka holomua. ... Maliʻa paha e hoʻolōʻihi kēia laulā i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka Arabian Peninsula.

Noho ka hapa nui o Arabian Oryx i:

• Saudi 'Alapia;
• Ilaka;
• Aupuni 'Emira' Alapia Hui Pū 'ia;
• Omana;
• Iemene;
• Ioredāne;
• Kuete.

ʻO kēia mau ʻāina ka ʻĀina ʻAlapia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka oryx Arabian ma ʻAigupita, e moe ana ma ke komohana o ka Arabian Peninsula, a me Suria, e moe ana ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Noho ka Arabian Oryx ma ka wao nahele a me nā ʻaʻa maloʻo o ʻArabia, kahi e hiki ai i nā mahana ke 50 ° C a i ka malu i ke kauwela. Hoʻololi maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano i ke ola i nā wao akua. Hōʻike ko lākou kala keʻokeʻo i ka wela o ka wao akua a me ka lā. I ke kakahiaka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, paʻa ka wela o ke kino i nā undercoat mānoanoa e mahana ai ka holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele ko lākou mau wāwae i hiki ai iā lākou ke omo i ka wela hou mai ka lā.

Ma mua, ua pālahalaha ka oryx ʻAlapia, i loaʻa a puni ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia a me Sinai, ma Mesopotamia a ma nā wao akua o Suria. No nā kenekulia, ua alualu ʻia wale ia i ke kau anuanu, no ka mea hiki i nā mea huli ke noho i mau lā me ka wai ʻole. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e alualu iā lākou i loko o kahi kaʻa a koho nō hoʻi i nā mokulele a me nā helikopter e ʻike i nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi hūnā. Ua luku kēia i ka Arabian Oryx, me ka hoʻokoe ʻana o nā hui liʻiliʻi i ka wao nahele ʻo Nafoud a me ka wao nahele ʻo Rubal Khali. I ka 1962, ua hoʻokumu ka Society for the Conservation of Fauna ma Ladana i ka Operation Oryx a kau ʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale aku ai iā ia.

He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka oryx Arabian?

Kiʻi: Arabian Oryx

ʻAi nui ka oryx Arabian i nā mea kanu, a me nā aʻa, nā kūmole, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā melon. Inu lākou i ka wai ke loaʻa iā lākou, akā hiki ke ola no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka inu ʻole ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka wai a pau e pono ai mai nā meaʻai e like me nā aniani momona a me nā melon. Loaʻa lākou i ka wai mai ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia ma luna o nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu ma hope o ka noe nui.

He paʻakikī ka noho ʻana i ka wao nahele no ka mea paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka wai. Hele nui ka Arabian Oryx e ʻike i nā kumuwaiwai hou o ka meaʻai a me ka wai. ʻ saylelo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻike paha ka holoholona i kahi ua, ʻoiai inā mamao loa ia. Ua hoʻololi ka Arabian Oryx e hele me ka inu ʻole i ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi.

ʻIke leʻaleʻa: ʻAi ka nui o ka oryx Arabian i ka pō, ke momona loa nā mea kanu ma hope o ke omo ʻana i ka hou o ka pō. I nā wā maloʻo, e ʻeli ka oryx i nā aʻa a me nā tubers e loaʻa ai ka pulu e pono ai.

He mau adaptation ka Arabian Oryx e ʻae iā ia e noho kūʻokoʻa i nā kumu wai i ke kauwela, ʻoiai e māʻona ana i kāna wai e pono ai mai kāna meaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻolilo ia i ka ʻāpana wela o ka lā, hana ʻole ʻole ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau malumalu, hoʻopau i ka wela o ke kino i ka lepo e hoʻemi ai i ka nalo ʻana o ka wai mai ka mahuʻi, a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka pō ma ke koho ʻana i nā meaʻai waiwai wai.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka anamanaʻo Metabolic ua hoʻopau kahi makua Arabian Oryx i ka 1.35 kg / lā o ka mea maloʻo (494 kg / makahiki). Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā kānaka inā kāhiko ʻia kā lākou wahi noho, e like me ka hiki i ka oryx Arabian ke hoʻopau i nā mea kanu mahiʻai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Arabian Oryx antelope

ʻO ka Arabian Oryx kahi ʻano gregarious, hana ʻia nā ʻohana he 5 a 30 mau kānaka a ʻoi aku inā maikaʻi nā kūlana. Inā maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​kūlana, nā kāne wale nō me nā wahine a me nā keiki ʻelua. Noho kekahi mau kāne i ke ola mehameha a paʻa i nā ʻāina nui. Ma loko o ka pā, hana ʻia ka hierarchy mana e nā hōʻike o ke kau ʻana i pale i ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi mai nā pepeiaohao ʻoi loa.

E noho like paha ia mau holoholona no kahi manawa nui. Kūlike loa ʻo Oryx me kekahi i kekahi - ʻo ke alapine haʻahaʻa o nā hana kolohe e ʻae i nā holoholona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumulāʻau malumalu, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i 8 mau hola o ke ao i ka wela o ke kauwela.

Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ʻike i nā ua i kahi mamao loa a ʻaneʻane nomadic, e hele ana ma nā wahi ākea e ʻimi i kahi ulu hou maikaʻi ma hope o ka ua. Hana nui lākou i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, e hoʻomaha ana i nā hui i ka malu ke loaʻa ka wela o ke awakea.

ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hiki i ka Arabian Oryx ke honi i ka ua mai kahi mamao. Ke pālahalaha ka ʻala o ka makani, e alakaʻi ka wahine nui i kāna pūʻā e ʻimi i ka mauʻu hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ua.

I nā lā wela, kālai ʻo Arab oryx i nā kaumaha pāpaʻu ma lalo o nā ululāʻau e hoʻomaha a ʻoluʻolu. Kōkua pū ko lākou ʻili keʻokeʻo i ka wela. Hiki ʻole ke kala ʻia ko lākou wahi noho ʻino, a maʻalahi ka Arabian Oryx i ka maloʻo, ka maʻi, nā nahu nahesa, a me ka make ʻana.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Cubs o Arabian Oryx

ʻO ka oryx Arabian kahi mea hoʻohua polygynous. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo o hoʻokahi kāne kāne me nā wahine he nui i hoʻokahi kau male. ʻOkoʻa ka manawa hānau o nā keiki. Eia naʻe, inā ʻoluʻolu nā kūlana, hiki i ka wahine ke hana i hoʻokahi bipi keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Haʻalele ka wahine i ka pā i mea e hānau ai kahi keiki bipi. ʻAʻohe o ko ʻArabia Oryxes manawa paʻa, no laila hānau ka makahiki a puni.

Hakaka nā kāne ma luna o nā wahine e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou pepeiaohao, a hiki i ka ʻeha a i ka make paha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hānau hānau i nā bipi i hoʻolauna ʻia ma Ioredane a me Oman e hana ʻia mai ʻOkakopa a Mei. ʻO ka manawa hānau no kēia ʻano he 240 mau lā. Ua ukuhi ʻia nā ʻōpio ma ka makahiki 3.5-4.5 i ka makahiki, a hānau nā wahine i ka wā pio i ka manawa mua ke 2.5-3.5 mau makahiki.

Ma hope o 18 mau mahina o ka maloʻo, liʻiliʻi ka hāpai ʻana o nā wahine a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai i kā lākou keiki bipi. ʻO ka lakio moekolohe ma ka wā hānau he 50:50 (kāne: wahine). Hānau ʻia ka bipi keiki me nā pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. E like me nā ungulate āpau, hiki iā ia ke ala aʻe a hāhai i kona makuahine ke loaʻa ʻo ia i kekahi mau hola wale nō.

Hūnā pinepine ka makuahine i kāna mau keiki no nā pule ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i ka wā e hānai ai ʻo ia ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka pūʻā. Hiki i ka bipi keiki ke hānai iā ia iho ma hope o ʻehā mau mahina, e waiho nei i ka ʻohana makua, akā ʻaʻole noho hou me kona makuahine. Hiki i ka oryx Arabian ke oʻo ma waena o hoʻokahi a me ʻelua mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka oryx Arab

Kiʻi: ʻO Male Arabian Oryx

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka oryx ʻAlapia i ka nahelehele ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona nui, ʻelua e ʻimi holoholona ana i nā Bedouins no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili, a me ka ʻimi haʻuki haʻuki ma nā hui mīkini. ʻO ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka oryx Arabian hihiu hou i lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi hou. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he 200 oryx i lawe ʻia a pepehi ʻia paha e nā kahu holoholona mai kahi hānai hihiu omani hānai i hoʻolauna hou ʻia ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma laila ma Pepeluali 1996.

ʻO ka predator nui o ka oryx Arabian, i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kānaka, ʻo ka ʻīlio hae ʻAlapia, i loaʻa ma waena o ka Peninsula Arabian, akā i kēia manawa noho wale nō i nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq a me ka hema o Israel, ʻo Ioredane a me ka Peninsula ʻo Sinai i Aikupita. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā holoholona, ​​holoholona ʻona nā holoholona, ​​pana, a i nā ʻīlio hae heihei e pale aku i ko lākou waiwai. ʻO nā ʻīlio hake ka mea nui o ka ʻaihue Arabian, ka mea i pio i kāna mau keiki bipi.

ʻO nā pepeiaohao lōʻihi o ka oryx Arabian kūpono ia no ka pale ʻana mai nā mea ʻaihue (nā liona, nā leopadi, nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā hyenas). Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia, hōʻike ka holoholona i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: lilo a ʻaoʻao i mea nui aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi, hoʻohana ka oryx Arabian i ko lākou mau kiwi e pale a hoʻouka paha. E like me nā antelope ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ka Arabian Oryx i kona wikiwiki e hōʻalo i nā mea ʻino. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻea i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 60 km / h.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka Arabian Oryx

Ua lilo ka Arabry Oryx i ka nahele ma muli o ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna ʻiʻo, peʻe a me ka pepeiaohao. Ua lawe mai ke Kaua Honua Honua i kahi ulu o nā pū raifela a me nā kaʻa wikiwiki i ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia, a ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i kahi pae hoʻomau ʻole o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka oryx. Ma ka 1965, ma lalo o 500 Araby oryx i waiho ʻia i ka nāhelehele.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kahu bipi i ka makahiki 1950 a ua hoʻouna ʻia kekahi mau mea i United States kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi papahana hānau. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma mua o ka 1000 oryx Arabian i ka nahelehele i kēia lā, a kokoke i kēia mau holoholona i loaʻa i nā wahi pale.

Aia kēia helu i:

• ma kahi o 50 oryx ma Oman;
• ma kahi o 600 oryx ma Saudi Arabia;
• ma kahi o 200 oryx ma ka United Arab Emirates;
• ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 oryx i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela;
• ma kahi o 50 oryx ma Ioredane.

Kuhi ʻia he 6,000-7,000 mau kānaka i paʻa pio a puni ka honua, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i ka ʻāina. Loaʻa kekahi i loko o nā pā nui a paʻa i ka pā, me nā mea ma Qatar, Suria (Al Talilah Nature Reserve), Saudi Arabia, a me ka UAE.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Arabian Oryx ma ke ʻano he "extinct" i loko o ka Red Book a laila "weliweli loa". I ka manawa e hoʻonui ai ka heluna kanaka, neʻe lākou i ka mahele "hopena" a laila neʻe i kahi pae i hiki ai iā lākou ke kapa ʻia "palupalu". He moʻolelo mālama maikaʻi maoli nō ia. Ma ka laulaha, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Oryx Arabian ma ke ʻano he ʻano Vulnerable, akā paʻa mau nā helu i kēia lā. Ke hoʻomau nei ka Arabian Oryx i nā hoʻoweliweli he nui e like me ka maloʻo, ka luku wahi a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana.

Mālama ʻia ʻo Arabian Oryx

Kiʻi: Arabian Oryx mai ka Red Book

Pale ʻia ka oryx Arabian e ke kānāwai i nā ʻāina āpau kahi i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia kahi heluna nui o ka oryx Arabian i ka paʻa pio ʻana a ua helu ʻia lākou ma CITES Appendix I, ʻo ia hoʻi he kūpono ʻole ke kālepa ʻana i kēia mau holoholona a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o lākou. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano e ka hopu holoholona kū ʻole ʻia, ka ʻai nui ʻana a me ka maloʻo.

ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana o ka oryx mai kahi hui ākea o nā hui mālama, nā aupuni a me nā zoo i hana e hoʻopakele i nā laha ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi "ʻohana honua" o nā holoholona hihiu hope loa i hopu ʻia i nā makahiki 1970, a me nā aliʻi mai ka UAE, Qatar a me Saudi Arabia. ʻAlapia.

I ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻomaka hou nā conservationist i ka hoʻolauna hou ʻana i nā heluna liʻiliʻi o ka oryx Arabian mai kēia pūʻulu i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia kahi lawaiʻa ʻole ka huli holoholona. ʻOiai ʻo ke kaʻina hoʻokuʻu he hana hoʻokolokolo a hapa hewa nui hoʻi - no ka laʻana, ua make ka nui o nā holoholona ma hope o hoʻokahi hoʻāʻo ʻana ma Ioredane - ua aʻo nui nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana.

Mahalo i kēia papahana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka Arabian Oryx i ke kūlana weliweli e ka makahiki 1986, a ua mālama ʻia kēia ʻano a hiki i ka hoʻohou hope loa. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi o oryx e kahi hana e mālama like pū ai. I loko nō o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha hoʻāʻo e mālama iā ia i kāna ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo ke ola ʻana o ka oryx Arabian kokoke i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi bipi ma kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o nā moʻolelo kūleʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka oryx Arabian ke kākoʻo aupuni, ke kālā a me ka hoʻokō wā lōʻihi mai Saudi Arabia a me ka UAE.

ʻAlapika ʻAlapika He ʻano ʻānela e noho ana i ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia. ʻO ka Arabian Oryx kekahi o nā māmela nunui i hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi loa ʻia, hiki ke noho i nā wahi maloʻo kahi e hiki ai i kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke noho no nā pule me ka ʻole o ka wai.

Ka lā paʻi: 01.10.2019

Lā hou: 03.10.2019 ma 14:48