Plecostomus He hui iʻa iʻa i nā ʻohana Kolchuzhny. ʻO ia ka iʻa iʻa i makemake nui ʻia ma waena o nā hobbyists, a aia ma kahi o 150 mau ʻano i ka huina. ʻO ka lālā i ʻimi nui ʻia o kēia ʻohana i kapa ʻia ʻo plecostomus maʻamau a hiki ke ulu a 60 cm i ka lōʻihi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Plekostomus
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka plecostomus ma Texas ma ka muliwai ʻo San Antonio luna (Bexar County) i ka makahiki 1962. ʻIke ʻia ia i kekahi mau wai wai ʻē aʻe ma Texas, e like me Comal Springs (Comal County), San Marcos (Hayes County), San Felipe Creek (Val Verde County), a me White Oak Bayou. Mai kona loaʻa ʻana i ka kahawai ʻo San Felipe, ua piʻi nui ka heluna kanaka o ka plecostomus.
I Kina, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka plecostomus i ka ʻāpana Huizhou o ka muliwai ʻo Dongjiang i 2007. Ua hōʻike kekahi o nā kānaka noiʻi ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka plecostomus i kahi noho wai o ka ʻāina i ka makahiki 1990, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kikoʻī hou aʻe. I Colombia, ʻike nui ʻia nā lehulehu o ka plecostomus i ka ipu anthropogenically i pā ʻia ma ka muliwai o Cauca. ʻO kēia ka iʻa maʻamau i paʻa. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Plecostomus i Colombia mai Guyana.
Video: Plekostomus
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā plecostomuses he mea maoli ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma kahi kikoʻī i ka Basin Amazon. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole, me ka hapanui e noho ana i nā kahawai wikiwiki a me nā kahawai pōhaku e holo i loko o nā ululāʻau. ʻO kēia wai, ma ke ʻano he neʻe, holo wikiwiki a littered me nā snags a me nā mea kanu; e ʻike ʻoe iā lākou e peʻe ana i waena o lākou i ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi i nā estuaries brackish.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he kū hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia ʻano a ʻaʻohe o lākou e koi i kahi noho like a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho aquarium. No laila, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i nā pono o ka lāhui kikoʻī āu e makemake ai e mālama. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka nui o ka aquarium. Hiki i nā plecostomuse liʻiliʻi ke ola i kahi aquarium 10 liters, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano nui aʻe e koi ana i ka liʻiliʻi o 100 liters. I kēia lā, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 150 mau ʻano like ʻole o ka plecostomus, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou āpau i ka aquarium.
Ma lalo iho kahi papa inoa o nā plecostomuse aquarium kaulana loa:
- catfish-ancistr (Ancistrus sp.);
- plecostomus gula (Baryancistrus sp.);
- plekostomus zebra (Hypancistrus zebra);
- plecostomus clown (Panaqolus maccus);
- sailfish plekostomus (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps);
- poepoe honua plekostomus-snow (luna nānā ʻo Hypancistrus);
- mōʻī plecostomus (Panaque nigrolineatus).
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka plecostomus
ʻO ka hapanui o ka plecostomus ʻeleʻele i ke kala, akā naʻe, pili ke kala o kekahi ʻano i kā lākou wahi noho. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he mau kiko one a ʻano paha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Kāhea ʻia nā Plecostomus "iʻa iʻa ʻia" no ka mea he papa iwi nui ko lākou e uhi ana i ko lākou kino.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea kūʻokoʻa e ʻike e pili ana iā lākou nā waha o lākou; ʻo kēia ka mea e hoʻokō pono iā lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe limu. No ko lākou helehelena, i ka nahele ulu lākou a hiki i 60 cm ka lōʻihi, i kahi aquarium - a 38 cm.
E like me nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, he kino elongated ko lākou i uhi ʻia me nā lālani ʻehā o nā pā iwi. ʻAʻohe o nā iwi iwi ma ka ʻōpū. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi lākou i nā dorsal, pectoral a me nā fin caudal. ʻO ka fin dorsal he hoʻokahi kukuna kukū a ʻehiku mau kukuna palupalu. Loaʻa i ka fin fin hoʻokahi kukuna ʻino a 3-5 mau kukuna palupalu.
Hinahina ke kino o ka plecostomus me nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me nā lauana. He poʻo nui ko lākou me nā maka liʻiliʻi e kau kiʻekiʻe i ke poʻo. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, he membrane kā lākou e uhi ana i ko lākou mau maka, i ʻae iā lākou e kaohi i nā hopena o ke kukui i ko lākou mau maka. ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi loa e pili ana i kēia iʻa, ʻo ia ka huelo huelo; aia ke ʻano o ka mahina, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka luna.
Ma hea e noho ai ka plekostomus?
Kiʻi: Plekostomus i ka wai
Loaʻa nā iʻa Plecostomus i loko o ka wai hou a paʻa o nā kahawai kahakai ʻo Guiana, Brazil a me Venezuela, a ma ka Rio de la Plata ma waena o Uruguay a me ʻAtenitina. Makemake lākou i nā kahawai wikiwiki a me nā kahawai pebble. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke kai kūʻono o Mekiko, kuhi ʻia paha e nā aquarist. Ua manaʻo ʻia he invasive lākou ma Texas.
Uhi lākou i kahi ākea o nā wahi, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano laha i kaupalena ʻia a loaʻa wale ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā kahawai kikoʻī. Noho ka hapa nui o nā plecostomus i nā kahawai ākea, pāpaʻu a me nā kahawai, noho kekahi i ka wai ʻeleʻele acidic, a makemake kekahi i nā estuaries mālie. I nā wahi kahe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou mea hānai e hoʻopili iā lākou iho i nā pōhaku a me nā lāʻau i kahe ʻia, a pēlā e hōʻalo ai i ke kahawai i lalo.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Plecostomuses i ka wai palupalu, haʻahaʻa i ka wai i ka nāhelehele, akā nui nā ʻano i kūʻai ʻia i kēia lā e ulu pāʻoihana a hoʻomanawanui i ka laulā nui o ka wai kemika. ʻO ka pH o 7.0 a i 8.0, kahi alkalinity o 3 ° a 10 ° dKH (54 a 180 ppm) a me kahi mahana o 23 a 27 ° C e lawa no ka nui o nā mea ulu hānai.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka iʻa plecostomus. E nānā kāua i ka ʻai a kēia iʻa.
He aha ka ʻai a plekostomus?
Kiʻi: Catfish plecostomus
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka plecostomus i kūʻai ʻia aku ma ke ʻano he "algae eaters", kahi e alakaʻi ai iā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo he mauhelehele lākou; eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapanui he carnivores a hiki ke hānai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, invertebrates a me nā crustacean. ʻAi pū kekahi mau laha i ka wahie, no laila e nānā pono i nā laha e hoihoi loa iā ʻoe e ʻike pono i kāu mau koina papaʻai.
E pili ana i ka plekostomus maʻamau, kahi kuhi hewa maʻamau ka hiki iā lākou ke noho wale ma nā limu. ʻAʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka mea ʻo ia papaʻai e hoʻopau maoli i ka iʻa, a he mea ʻino loa ia i ko lākou olakino. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nā mea kanu a me nā limu; i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka ʻiʻo / ka meaʻai ola. Paipai ʻia nā pellets kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka papaʻai plecostomus.
Hiki ke hānai ʻia ʻo Plecostomus me nā mea kanu aʻe:
- saladi;
- zucchini;
- spinach;
- peas peas;
- kukama.
Kūpono mai nā meaʻai ola:
- ilo koko;
- ʻenuhe honua;
- crustaceans;
- larva.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka plecostomuses koi i ka nui o ka fiber i kā lākou papaʻai; kōkua ka hānai ʻana iā lākou i nā mea kanu he nui e māʻona ai kēia pono o nā holoholona. Pono ʻoe e ʻike pono i ke komo mau ʻana o lākou i ka driftwood, hiki ke kōkua i kā lākou digestion. No nā hopena maikaʻi loa, hānai i kāu plekostomus i nā ʻano meaʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻololi i kāu papa iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. I ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻai, nocturnal nā plecostomuses. Pēlā, ʻai lākou i ka maikaʻi i ke ahiahi, ma mua o kou pio ʻana i nā kukui i ka aquarium.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: plekostomus iʻa
ʻO ka mea mua e ʻike ai e pili ana i kēia iʻa ʻo ia ka nocturnal. ʻO kēia ka mea i ke ao ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kāna hana nui. I ke ao hiki iā lākou ke hele a makaʻu a ʻike paha ʻoe iā lākou e peʻe ana i waena o nā mea kanu a me nā ana i loko o kāu pahu.
I ko lākou wā hana, e ʻike ʻoe he iʻa lalo lākou a neʻe lohi i ka lalo o ka aquarium. Ke neʻe lohi nei iā lākou, hana lākou i kahi hana maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka limu i loko o ka aquarium. E ʻike nō hoʻi ʻoe i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kīʻaha omo a hoʻopili i ke kīʻaha a i ʻole nā pōhaku i ka aquarium. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ma aneʻi ʻoiai lākou e ʻai i ka limu, ʻaʻole pono e haku ʻia kā lākou papaʻai. Hoʻolaha nā hale kūʻai holoholona he nui iā lākou ma ke ʻano he poʻe algae, kahi mea weliweli ke pono lākou i ka papaʻai like ʻole.
He ʻano aloha ko Plekostomus a ʻano maluhia hoʻi i ka wā ʻōpio a hiki ke mālama ʻia i kahi aquarium lehulehu. ʻO nā hoalauna kūpono o ka plecostomus he cichlids, macropod (guramic), tetras a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Akā i ka wā ʻōpio, pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka waiho ʻana iā ia me ka discus a me nā iʻa a ka ʻānela, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia nā plecostomus e komo i luna o lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻAʻole hiki i nā kāne aquarium liʻiliʻi ke komo i loko o ka waha o ka plecostomus; inā hiki, a laila e lilo koke nō ia iʻa iʻaina nāna.
I kona mau makahiki, ulu ʻoi aku ka plecostomus i kahi iʻa ʻē aʻe a pono e mālama ʻia i loko o kāna aquarium ponoʻī me ka ʻole o nā hoanoho.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Plekostomus
Minamina, ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻia o plekostomus, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike e pili ana i kā lākou hana hou ʻana i kahi aquarium. ʻIke wale ia he paʻakikī loa lākou i ka hānau ʻana i ka pio. ʻAʻole hānau ʻo Plecostomus i nā aquarium, akā hana ʻia i kekahi nui o nā loko iʻa, e like me ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia a me Florida.
He mau holoholona oviparous lākou, i ka nahelehele lākou i ulu mau ai i nā ana i hana ʻia mai ka lāʻau drift a i ʻole nā pōhaku. Ke waiho nei ʻo Plekostomus i nā huamoa he nui i luna o nā papa pālahalaha. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hoʻokahe i nā loko wai lepo me kā lākou ʻeli ʻana. Ma Texas, he 1.2-1.5 m ka hohonu o nā lua o kēia mau holoholona. Aia mau nā lua i nā pali kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o nā lepo ʻiliʻili, a ʻike nui ʻia lākou i nā loko iʻa kūpilikiʻi. Kiaʻi nā kāne i ke ana a i ʻole lua a hiki i ka pā ʻana o nā hua.
ʻO ka nui o ka momona o ka plecostomus ma kahi o 3000 mau hua. ʻO ka fecundity o nā iʻa wahine mai ka muliwai ʻo San Marcos ma Texas mai 871 a i 3367 mau hua. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Plecostomuses e kupu mau i nā manawa he nui i kahi lōʻihi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau nui o ka oosit ma Texas, e hōʻike ana i nā hanana hanana he nui. ʻO ka wā ʻōlapa, ma muli o nā helu gonadosomatic, holo mai Malaki a Kepakemapa. I ko lākou lāhui maoli, hōʻike pū kekahi nā plecostomus i nā wā ʻōnohi lōʻihi i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau mahina, i kū like me ke kau ua.
Pono e hānai pinepine ʻia ka Plecostomus fry i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe-protein e like me nā ilo, ʻōpae nauplii paʻakai, nā limu algae, a i ʻole ka meaʻai disc. Pono e hana i kahi pahu kaʻawale no ka hana manuū ʻana, a pono e hānai nā aquarist iā lākou i ka mea ola a i ʻole nā meaʻai hau hau no kekahi mau pule he nui e hoʻopololei iā lākou.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka plecostomus he 10 a 15 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka plecostomus
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka plecostomus
Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Plecostomus e nā manu (cormorants, herons, a me nā pelicans), nā alligator, nā crocodiles, nā otters, nā moʻo wai, nā kuhukukū wai hou, a me nā iʻa predatory me nā iʻa nui a me nā perch nui.
Nui ka paʻakikī o ka poʻe predator i ka ale ʻana i ka plekostomus ma muli o nā kui iʻa a me nā mea kaua o ke kino, a ua ʻike ʻia ua make nā manu (pelicans) i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ale i nā mea nui. ʻO kahi hoʻoliʻiliʻi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka predation ke kūlana pale i hōʻike ʻia e kēia mau iʻa ke hana ʻino ʻia a hoʻoweliweli ʻia paha lākou: kūpaʻa nā wili o ka iwi kuamoʻo, a hoʻonui ʻia nā peʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka iʻa a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻenemi e ale.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: unuhi ʻia ka inoa "plecostomus" mai ka Lākina me "waha pelu", e hōʻike ana i ka waha o kēia iʻa iʻa, e like me ke kīʻaha omo, aia ma lalo o ke poʻo.
Akā ʻo ka hapanui pinepine o plekostomuse iā lākou iho he ʻenemi no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Dionda Diaboli (Devil's River) a me Fonticol's Eteostoma (Darter's Fountain) e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ma muli o ke kū ʻana i ka plecostomus. Ke hoʻokūkū nei kēia mau ʻano me kekahi i kekahi no ke kuleana e monopolize i nā kumuwaiwai, a lanakila ke koa o kā mākou moʻolelo i kēia kaua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: iʻa Plecostomus
ʻO ka heluna nui loa o ka plecostomus ma Texas aia ma San Felipe Bay, ka moku ʻo Val Verde County. Mai ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia pūnaewele, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka heluna kanaka, me ka hāʻule like ʻana o nā ʻano mea ʻai limu ʻōiwi. ʻO ke poʻo nui o ka muliwai ʻo San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas he heluna nui o kēia ʻano no 50 mau makahiki.
Ma Pololika, ʻo ka plecostomus ka mea i kūleʻa nui loa, nui a ākea hoʻi, me nā heluna kanaka i hoʻolaha ʻia ma waena a me ka hema o Florida. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua haʻi ʻia e ka Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission (2015) ʻo ka heluna kanaka Plecostomus, ʻoiai aia ma Florida mai ka wā 1950, ʻaʻole pālahalaha nui ʻia, aia ma Miami-Dade a me nā kalana ʻo Hillsboro. ... Kuhi ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka poʻe mākua i ka lehulehu o plekostomus i kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā mea anthropogenic, e like me nā waihona wai, nā kahawai kūlanakauhale, nā loko wai o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā kahawai.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka plecostomus ma nā meaola kai i ka hopena o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ko lākou lehulehu ma Texas (nā kahawai ʻo San Antonio a me San Marcos a me ke kahawai ʻo San Felipe). Hiki i ka Plecostomus ke hoʻokūkū i nā kumuwaiwai (nā meaʻai a me nā wahi noho) me nā iʻa aloha a me nā meaola wai, hoʻohaunaele i nā pūnana, ʻai i nā hua manu o nā iʻa maoli, a hoʻohaunaele i nā kahe trophic a me nā kaʻa holo kaʻa i nā wahi noho wai.
Hiki i ka Plecostomus ke monopolize i nā kumuwaiwai kūpono i ka muliwai ʻo San Marcos ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā laha, ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola. Hiki i ka nui a me ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona ke hōʻike i kahi poho phosphorus nui i loko o ka ʻōnaehana oligotrophic o ka muliwai ʻo San Marcos. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ka hana mua i ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mea kanu algal, a ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hana lua o nā mea kanu paʻa. I ka muliwai San Antonio, pili ka plecostomus i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka stonoller waena e ʻai ana i ka limu anomalum Campostoma.
Plecostomus He laha kaulana loa ia i nā iʻa iʻa. ʻO ia ka mea ʻai algae nui, akā makemake pū ʻo ia e ʻai i ka meaʻai i ka ʻiʻo. Kapa ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he "ʻōpala ʻōpala" no ka nui o nā ʻano meaʻai a me nā kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lākou e hana ai ma lalo o nā aquarium. E hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he nocturnal kēia iʻa a he maka ʻokoʻa kuʻupuʻu e pale ai i kāna ʻike i ka lā.
Lā paʻi: 08/12/2019
Lā hou: 08/14/2019 ma 21:57
