Pipa ʻO ia kekahi o nā rana kupaianaha i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ke kahawai ʻo Amazon. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o kēia toad hiki iā ia ke hānau keiki ma kona kua no 3 mau mahina. ʻO ia no kēia hiʻohiʻona i kapa ʻia e nā zoologists ʻo pipu "ka makuahine maikaʻi loa."
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pipa
ʻO ke poʻo o ka pipa he triangular kona ʻano a like like me ka pālahalaha ʻia me ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kēia rana tropical. Aia nā maka i luna o ka waha, ʻaʻohe o lākou maka maka a liʻiliʻi loa ka nui. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa o ka gastrointestinal tract ka loaʻa ʻole o nā niho a me nā alelo i kēia mau holoholona. Akā, hoʻololi ʻia nā mea digestive i nā pale o ka ʻili i loaʻa i nā kihi o ka waha. Ua like lākou i ka nānā aku i nā tentacles.
Video: Pipa
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai nā rana ʻē aʻe a pau, ʻaʻohe o nā membrane mua o kēia amphibian nā membrane i ko lākou hopena a hoʻopau i nā manamana wāwae elongated. A he aha ka mea e pīhoihoi ai - ʻaʻohe māiʻuʻu ma luna o lākou, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka pipin Surinamese ma nā ʻano holoholona kiʻekiʻe āpau. Akā ma nā lālā hope he mau pale ʻili, ʻokoʻa lākou i ko lākou mana a aia ma waena o nā manamana lima. ʻO kēia mau pelu e hilinaʻi loa i ka lalo.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pipa Surinamese aneane ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 cm. Eia nō naʻe, ke loaʻa nā pilikua, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 22-23 knm. ʻO ka ʻili o kēia holoholona he wīwī a wili hoʻi i ka hale, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. ʻO kekahi o nā "evolution" evolutionary nui loa e ʻae ai i ka pipa Surinamese e hoʻololi i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni kahi pōuliuli (ʻokoʻa ka hapa nui o nā rana tropical) kala. He ʻili hina-ʻeleʻele ko kēia mau rana, a me kahi ʻōpū ʻōniʻoniʻo māmā.
ʻO ka pinepine he ʻōuliʻeleʻele e hele i ka ʻāʻī a uhi i ka ʻāʻī o ka toad, a laila hana i kahi palena ma luna. ʻO kahi pilau, ʻala maikaʻi ʻole o kahi holoholona i kiʻi ʻole ʻia (ʻo ka "ʻala" e like me ka hydrogen sulfide) hana pū kekahi ma ke ʻano he mea pale i nā mea hiki wawe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka pipa
No ka papa ʻo amphibians ʻo Pipa, ka ʻohana pipin. Hoʻomaka mua nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i kēia manawa - ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona mau hoahānau, he nui nā ʻokoʻa o ka pipa, no ka mea he nui nā zooologist, i ka manawa i hui mua ai i kēia holoholona kūwaho, kānalua inā he rana paha ia. No laila, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui mua loa mai nā amphibians āpau (a me nā rana kekahi) ʻo ia kona kino kūikawā.
I ka ʻike ʻana i kahi rana pālahalaha no ka manawa mua, kū aʻe ka manaʻo he laki ʻole ia, no ka mea, me he mea lā e kipaku ana i ka papa heʻe mai luna mai, a i kekahi mau manawa. ʻO kona kino i kona ʻano e like me ka lau i hāʻule mai kekahi kumulāʻau tropical, no ka mea lahilahi a pālahalaha ʻia. A ʻaʻole maopopo ʻole i nā subtleties āpau, ʻoiai e ʻae nei i mua o kou alo ʻaʻole kahi lau i hāʻule, akā he mea ola mai kahi kahawai tropical wai wai, pilikia loa ia.
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole haʻalele kēia mau amphibians i ke ʻano wai. ʻAe, i ke kau maloʻo, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i loko o nā waihona maloʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, a ma waho o ke ʻano o ke aniau i hoʻololi nui ʻia, ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu i kēia mau ʻūpala mai ko lākou wahi. ʻO Pipa kahi hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka hopena o ka evolution i ka meaola o ka holoholona - ma muli o ke ola lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wai, ua liʻiliʻi nā maka o kēia mau amphibians a nalowale ko lākou mau lihilihi, atrophy o ke alelo a me ka tympanic septum.
ʻO ka pipa Surinamese e noho ana ma ka Basin Amazon ka mea i hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia e ka mea kākau ʻo Gerald Durrell i kāna hana ʻo Three Tickets to Adventure. Eia nā laina aʻe: “Wehe ʻo ia i kona mau lima, a kū maila kahi holoholona ʻano ʻē a ʻino hoʻi i kaʻu mau maka. ʻAe, i ka helehelena ua like ia me kahi toad brown i hele mai ma lalo o ke kaomi.
ʻO kona mau wāwae pōkole a wīwī hoʻi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i nā kihi o ke kino huinahā e nānā hōʻole loa e hoʻomanaʻo i nā ris mortis. ʻOi ke ʻano o kāna waha, ua liʻiliʻi kona mau maka, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka pipa me he pancake lā.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pipa?
Kiʻi: Pipa Frog
ʻO ka wahi i makemake ʻia o kēia rana nā waihona wai me ka wai mehana a me ka lepo, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia e nā au ikaika. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i kahi kokoke i kahi kanaka - Noho ʻo Surinamese pips ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi kanaka, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma kahi mamao aku mai nā mea kanu (ʻo ka hapa nui i nā kahawai hoʻohawai wai). Hoʻonani wale ka holoholona i ka lepo lepo - a nui, ʻo ka papa o ka lepo kahi e noho ai nona.
Noho nā ʻano mea kupaianaha i ka panalāʻau o Brazil, Peru, Bolivia a me Suriname. Ma laila lākou i manaʻo ʻia "nā amphibians e noho aliʻi ana o nā kino wai hou" - alakaʻi nā pipas Surinamese i kahi ʻano wai wale nō. Hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia kēia mau rana, ʻaʻole wale i loko o nā ʻano loko iʻa a me nā kahawai, akā i nā auwai ʻauwai hoʻi e waiho ana ma nā mea kanu.
ʻOiai kahi wā lōʻihi o ka maloʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke koi iā lākou e kolo i ka honua paʻa - makemake ka poʻe pipers e noho i waho i nā puddles hapa maloʻo. Akā me ka wā ua, hoʻomaka ka ākea maoli no lākou - hoʻopau loa nā rana i ko lākou ʻuhane, neʻe me ka kahe o ka wai ua i loko o nā ululāʻau i hoʻopiha ʻia e nā ʻino.
Lilo ke kahaha i ke aloha ikaika loa i ka paipu Surinamese no ka wai - e noʻonoʻo ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i nā ake māmā a me ka ʻili paʻakikī, keratinized (ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā holoholona ʻāina. Ua like ko lākou kino me ka lau pālahalaha ʻehā ʻaoʻao me nā kihi ʻoi ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kahi o ka hoʻololi o ke poʻo i ke kino i kekahi ʻano. Ke nānā mau nei nā maka i luna.
ʻO kekahi wahi noho hou no ka pip Surinamese he mau aquarium wai kanaka. ʻOiai ka helehelena maikaʻi ʻole a me ka pilau o ka hydrogen sulfide, hauʻoli ka poʻe makemake i nā holoholona malihini e hānai i kēia mau rana pohihihi i ka home. Kūkākūkā lākou me ka manaʻo he hoihoi loa a me ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hānau ʻana i nā ʻelala e ka wahine me ka hānau hou ʻana o nā ʻopuna.
I ka hanana, ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻatikala, pili aloha ʻia ʻoe no ka pipa Surinamese a hoʻoholo paʻa e loaʻa i kahi rana ma ka home, a laila hoʻomākaukau koke i kahi aquarium nui. Hoʻokahi amphibian e loaʻa ma kahi o 100 liters o ka wai. No kēlā me kēia mea aʻe - kahi leo like. Akā he aha ka mea ma laila - ua ʻike ʻia ka pipa Suriname wale nō i ka nahelehele i kekahi ʻano. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻike ʻo ia i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, a i mea e hānau ai kēia holoholona, pono e hāʻawi i nā ʻano he nui.
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- e hōʻoia ana i ka oxygenation mau o ka aquarium;
- mau ana wela ana. ʻAe ʻia nā fluctuations i nā waiwai i ka pae mai 28C a 24C;
- ʻanoʻai like ʻole o ka papaʻai. ʻAʻole pono e hānai ʻia kēia mau rana, ʻaʻole wale me nā meaʻai maloʻo no nā holoholona aquarium, akā me nā ʻenuhe honua hoʻi, nā larva o nā mea kolo iʻa a me nā ʻāpana iʻa hou.
I mea e ola ai ka pipa Suriname i ka aquarium e ʻoluʻolu ai e like me ka hiki, e ninini ʻia ke one me ka ʻiliʻili maikaʻi a me nā limu ola ma lalo.
He aha ka ʻai a ka pipa?
Kiʻi: Pipa i ka wai
Me nā manamana lima lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi e kau ana ma kona mau ʻūlū mua, hoʻokuʻu ka toad i ka lepo a ʻimi i ka meaʻai, a laila hoʻouna iā ia i loko o ka waha. Kōkua ʻo ia iā ia iho i kahi hana hanohano me ka ulu ʻana ma kona mau wāwae. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e like like lākou me nā hōkū, kapa ʻia kēia rana ʻo "manamana hōkū". ʻO ka papaʻai o ka rana Surinamese he mau koena ʻokanika i loaʻa ma ka lalo o ka waihona wai, i ka honua.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻai ka pipa:
- iʻa liʻiliʻi a kālua;
- ilo:
- ʻeneke peʻa wai.
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole e ʻāwīwī nā palaka ma ka ʻili. ʻAʻole like me nā rana maʻamau, a mākou i maʻa e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole lākou e noho i kahi poho a hopu ʻole i nā mea lele lele me ko lākou alelo lōʻihi. ʻAe, he ʻili paʻakikī ko lākou, kahi nui o ka hanu nui, akā hānai nui ka pipa Surinamese i ka lepo, a i ʻole i loko o ka wai wale nō.
E pili ana i ke kau ua, ua hoʻomaopopo kekahi o nā mea noiʻi pehea, i ka wā ua, ua ʻike ʻia nā amphibians o ʻAmelika Hema ma kahakai a lanakila i nā haneli mau mile i mea e ʻike ai i nā puddles mehana a me ka lepo e kokoke ana i nā ululāʻau tropical. Ma laila lākou e hoʻomehana ai a bask i ka lā.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i ka rana pipu. E nānā pehea e noho ai i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Surinamese pipa
E like me nā rana pāhulu ʻē aʻe, ke lilo ke kino o ka wai i papau a maloʻo paha, noho ka pipa Surinamese no kahi manawa lōʻihi i ka lepo, nā puddles pāpaʻu a i ʻole nā groove, ke kali hoʻomanawanui nei no nā manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Weliweli, luʻu koke ka amphibian i lalo, hohonu hohonu i ka silt.
ʻAʻole hiki ke noho ʻole ma luna o nā mea kū i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻūhū. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻoikaika nā tadpoles ikaika e kiʻi i ka ʻilikai o ka wai i ka wā hiki loa a hopu i kahi huʻa o ke ea kākoʻo ola. Nā "keiki" nāwaliwali, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hāʻule i lalo a lana i luna wale nō ma hope o 2-3 mau hoʻāʻo.
Ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o ko lākou mau māmā, hiki i nā ʻenuhe ke ʻauʻau ākea. Eia kekahi, i kēia manawa, hōʻike lākou i ka lawena aloha - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia ala i ka pakele ʻana mai nā mea hoʻomake a loaʻa ka meaʻai. ʻO ka rana, ka mea i hāpai i nā hua ma kona kua, ʻānai i nā pōhaku ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o nā kōpili, e makemake ana e hemo i nā koena o nā hua. Ma hope o ka molt, mākaukau hou ka wahine makua no ka pā ʻana.
ʻAi ʻo Tadpoles mai ka lā 2 o ko lākou ola. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nui (ʻano ʻē paha ke kani ʻana) he ciliates a me nā koʻohune, no ka mea ma o kā lākou ʻano meaʻai he mea hānai kānana lākou (e like me ka mussels). No ka hānai pio ʻana, kūpono ka pulupulu. Hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Surinamese pip ma T (i nā kūlana kūlohelohe) mai 20 a 30 ° C a me ka paʻakikī ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau anakuhi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Surinamese pipa frog
Hana ke kāne i ka hana moekolohe i ke kani ʻana o nā leo kikoʻī, me ke kīnā ʻole i ka wahine ua mākaukau ʻo ia e hoʻolilo iā ia i manawa hauʻoli a pīhoihoi hoʻi. Hana nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā hulina moena ma lalo pono o ka wai (i ke kaʻina o kēia kaʻina hana, "loiloi ʻia" kekahi me kekahi). Hoʻomoe ka wahine i mau hua manu - i ka like me kēia, "wai kāna mea i wae ai" e hoʻohāinu iā lākou me kāna wai seminal.
Ma hope o kēlā, luʻu ka wahine i lalo, kahi e hāʻule pololei ai nā hua momona i kona kua a pili koke iā ia. Lawe pū ke kāne i kēia kaʻina hana, kaomi ʻana i nā hua i kāna hoa me kona mau wāwae hope. Mālama pū lākou i ka mahele like ʻana iā lākou i nā keena ma ke kua holoʻokoʻa o ka wahine. ʻO ka helu o nā hua i loko o hoʻokahi paʻa e like me 40 a 144.
ʻO ka manawa i ka wā e hānau ai ka rana ma kahi o 80 mau lā. ʻO ke kaupaona o "ukana" me nā hua manu ma ke kua o ka wahine ma kahi o 385 mau gram - e hāpai ana a puni ka uaki i kahi paʻa pipa kahi hana paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki ka mea i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kaʻina paʻa paʻa, ua uhi ʻia me kahi membrane pale paʻa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka pale hilinaʻi. ʻO ka hohonu o nā hunaola kahi e waiho ai ka caviar i kahi 2 mm.
ʻOiai, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ke kino o ka makuahine, loaʻa i nā embryos mai kona kino nā meaola āpau a lākou e pono ai no kā lākou ulu pono ʻana. Hoʻopili nui ʻia nā paku e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā hua i kekahi me nā kīʻaha - ma o lākou ka oxygen a me nā meaola i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻoki e komo i ka hua Ma hope o 11-12 mau wiki, hānau ʻia nā pips ʻōpio. Ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kūlana moekolohe - ma 6 mau makahiki wale nō. Kūlike ka wā hānau me ke kau ua. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ka pipa, e like me nā rana ʻē aʻe, makemake i ka wai.
Pipi ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kiʻi: Surinamese pipa toad
He mālama maoli ka pipa Surinamese no nā manu pāhuna, nā mea hoʻoili ʻāina a me nā amphibians nui aʻe. No nā manu, nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana o corvids, duck a me nā pheasants e ʻahaʻaina pinepine i kēia mau rana. I kekahi manawa ʻai ʻia lākou e ka ʻūlū, ibises, herons. ʻO ka pinepine, mālama kēia mau manu hanohano a hanohano hoʻi i kahi holoholona i ka lele.
Akā ʻo ka makaʻu nui loa no ka pī Surinamese ka nahesa, keu hoʻi nā mea wai (e like me nā toada ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma nā ʻāina āpau). Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kōkua nā camouflage maikaʻi iā lākou ma aneʻi - i ka hopu holoholona, alakaʻi ʻia nā mea kolo e nā sensile tactile a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka wela i hoʻoili ʻia e nā meaola ola. Makemake nā manu kuhukukū nunui i ka pāʻina ʻana i kēlā rana.
Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa i nā mākua kekahi manawa kūpono e hoʻopakele i ko lākou ola ma ka holo wikiwiki ʻana a i ka hūnā ʻana paha mai ka mea alualu, a laila pale ʻole nā ʻōpala. He nui ka nui o lākou e make, e lilo ana i meaʻai na nā iʻa aquatic, nahesa, iʻa a hiki i nā dragonflies. Ma ka nui, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e noho ana i kahi waihona wai tropika "e manaʻo ia he hanohano" e ʻahaʻaina ma kahi kahawai.
ʻO ka mea hūnā wale nō o ke ola ka nui - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kau ka wahine o ka pipa Surinamese ma kahi o 2000 mau hua, hoʻopakele i ka laha mai ka make a ʻae i ka lehulehu e mālama paʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka pipa
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ʻo Pipa i ke kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau rana ma nā ʻāina āpau o kēia ʻāina. Ua hoʻomaopopo kekahi o nā zoologists i ke kū ʻana o kēia mau rana ma Trinidad a me Tobago. ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka laulā a 400 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai (ʻo ia hoʻi, i kahi kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa nā Surinamese pips).
ʻOiai ʻo ka Surinamese pipa kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i waena o nā amphibians, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia rana he ʻano wai aquate koi - i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, noho mau ia i ka wai, kahi e kaupalena nui ai i ka mahele o ka lāhui. Makemake ʻo Pipa Surinamese i nā waihona wai me ka wai kū ʻole a i ʻole me ke au lohi - uhi ka wahi i nā kahawai he nui, a me nā loko wai a me nā waihona wai ulu liʻiliʻi. Hūnā akamai nā rana i nā lau i hāʻule e uhi nui i ka lalo o ka waihona wai. Ma muli o ka neʻe iki ʻana o lākou i ka ʻāina a (ʻaʻole like me nā rana ʻē aʻe) hiki ʻole ke lele i kahi mamao, ua maʻalahi ka poʻe ma waho o ka waihona wai.
E pili ana i ke kūlana o nā laha i ke kūlohelohe, i kēia lā ka manaʻo nui o ka pipa Surinamese a me kāna mau dynamics he mea paʻa. ʻOiai ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me ka mana o nā kumu anthropogenic, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka laha i loko o kāna pono ponoʻī. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka helu o kēia laha, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau wahi he emi o ka heluna kanaka ma muli o nā hana mahiʻai kanaka a me ka wao nahele nui o nā panalāʻau. ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipa Surinamese i nā papa inoa o nā laha me kahi hoʻoweliweli o ka nui; ʻike ʻia ia i nā panalāʻau o nā mālama.
Pipa ʻOkoʻa ʻo Surinamese mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe a pau o nā amphibians i nā ʻano he nui - ʻo ia wale nō ʻaʻohe ona alelo lōʻihi i manaʻo ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i nā kolo, ʻaʻohe membrane a me nā māiʻuʻu ma kona mau wāwae. Akā hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻo ia iā ia iho a ʻo ia ka ʻoi o nā amphibians āpau e mālama i nā keiki, e hāpai ana i nā hua ma kona kua.
Lā paʻi: 08/10/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 12:51
