Noho i ke kai anu loona -ʻAʻole wale kēia manu i kūpono e hoʻololi i nā kūlana aniau paʻakikī loa, akā he holoholona nani ʻole kū kūʻē kūʻē hoʻi i ke kua o kona mau hoahānau. Minamina, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i ko mākou wā kūpikipiki loa a pono i kahi ʻano kūikawā a lahilahi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Gagara
ʻO ka loona kahi manu manu manu ʻākau mai ka ʻoka o nā loona. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pūʻulu manu kuʻuna a paʻa hoʻi i waena o nā manu o kēia au. No ka Oligocene luna o ʻAkau ʻAmelika ʻo ka mōʻalihikū kahiko loa; i ka huina, ʻike ʻia he ʻeiwa mau ʻano o nā pūhaka fossil.
I kēia lā ʻelima wale nō:
- ʻeleʻele;
- ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele-ʻāʻī - ka laha nui loa;
- ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula;
- ʻaʻina keʻokeʻo;
- ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo.
ʻOkoʻa wale lākou āpau i ka helehelena, ke ʻano o ke ola a me ka lawena e like loa. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻike wale ʻia nā ʻohana ʻehā i nā ʻano ʻehā wale nō, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻepekema o kēia wā ʻaʻole ka ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo ʻāpana kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, akā he ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
Video: ʻo Gagara
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā loona he mau ʻohana pili loa o nā toadstools ma muli o ka like o ko lākou helehelena a me ko lākou nohona, akā ma hope ua ʻae nā zoologists he like nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu ma muli o ka evolution evolution.
I ka morphology a me ke kaiaola, ʻaʻohe mea like kēia mau kauoha ʻelua. I loko o kahi hoʻolālā pili a morphologically, kokoke nā loona i ka ihu Tube, like pū me penguin.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Paʻakikī a kaumaha nā iwi o ka iwi o ka iwi, ʻaʻole hakahaka e like me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻololi pono ʻia lākou i ke ola i ke kai wai, kahi e hiamoe ʻole ai ma ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka loona
Ua like ka loona ma ke ʻano o ke kino a me ka nui me kahi ʻāpō nui a i ʻole nā gose, hiki i kekahi poʻe i ka nui a nui a loaʻa ke kaumaha ma mua o 6 kilokilo. He nuku kihi ko Loona, ʻokoʻa i nā moa wai he nui i ka nani o ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu plumage.
I ka helehelena, ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine:
- keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, a ʻeleʻele a hina hina hina ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino me nā kiko keʻokeʻo he nui;
- ua hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī me kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano.
ʻAʻohe o nā loona ʻōpio a me nā mākua i ka wā hoʻoilo a he monotonous ke kala o ka plumage. ʻO nā pēpē puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula i manaʻo ʻia he nani loa ma waena o nā loona. ʻO ke kaula ʻalani ʻulaʻula ma kona ʻāʻī e like me ka nākiʻi paʻa a ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui.
He mau ʻeheu liʻiliʻi ko Loons e pili ana i ke kino. I ka wā o ka lele, "hoʻolohi" lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi, kūlou ikaika i ko lākou ʻāʻī, a huki i ko lākou mau wāwae i hope, a he ʻano huelo ke ʻano. Ma ko lākou helehelena "kūlou", hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā pēpē maʻamau a i nā geese a hiki i ka lele ʻana.
Pili nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu ma nā wāwae o ka loona e kahi membrane, no laila manaʻo lākou he maikaʻi loa i ka wai a palekana ʻole i ka honua. A palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi nā hulu manu i ka hoʻopā. ʻO ka plumage mehana, mānoanoa e pale i ka loona mai hypothermia.
Ma hea e noho ai ka loona?
Kiʻi: Manu Loon
Makemake ʻo Loona i ka wai anuanu o ke kai ʻākau a me nā loko. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho nui ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau āpau. Loaʻa nā loona i ka tundra, nā mauna, nā ululāʻau, hāʻawi ʻia aia kahi wai kokoke, no ka mea, lilo lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka wai a me ka wai. Hele kekahi poʻe i ka ʻāina wale nō i ke kau moʻo a hoʻomoe i nā hua.
Ke paʻa nā kino wai, lele nā manu i nā hui i nā kino wai kū ʻole. ʻO lākou ka hoʻoilo ma ka Moana ʻEleʻele, Baletika a i ʻole Keʻokeʻo, nā kapakai o ka Pākīpika, ʻAkelanika ʻAtelanika. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā Loona i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ke ʻokoʻa ke ala i ka hoʻoilo mai ke ala o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka hoʻoilo, kahi ʻano no nā manu wale nō.
Noho nā loona ʻōpio i nā wai mehana no ko lākou kauwela mua, i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio. I ka pūnāwai, hōʻea mau ka loona i ka wā i nui ka nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka poʻe ʻōiwi o ka North North, i ka nui o ka nui, hopu i nā loona me nā manu manu ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻiʻo no ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, ma mua he lawaiʻa kūikawā no nā loona no ka "hulu manu", a i ʻole nā "loona", akā ma muli o nā loli i ke ʻano a me ke kulu o ke koi, i kēia lā ʻaʻole i alakaʻi ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai a ka loona?
Kiʻi: loona ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma nā wahi pāpaʻu o ke kai a me nā loko e hana i ka papa maʻamau o nā lī. Ke lawaiʻa ʻana, lele mua ke manu i kona poʻo i loko o ka wai, e ʻimi ana i kahi i lalo, a luʻu mālie nō. I ke alualu ʻana i ka pio, hiki i nā lōlō ke luʻu i mau mau mika he umi a paʻa i ko lākou hanu no 90 kekona.
I ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana i ka kolamu wai, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kapuwaʻi pūnaewele, e hoʻoneʻe mau ʻia i hope. He mea liʻiliʻi loa, ke luʻu nei, pili nā ʻeheu, pinepine lākou e kau paʻa ʻia ma ke kua a pale ʻia mai ka pulu e nā hulu uhi o ke kua, nā ʻēheu a me nā hulu ʻē aʻe elongated, e hana ana i kahi ʻano o ka ʻeke. ʻO ka pale hou aʻe mai ka pulu ʻana ʻo ka momona o ka gland supra tail, kahi e lubric ai nā loona i kā lākou plumage.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka iʻa, a laila hiki i nā loona ke hānai ma kahi o nā mea āpau e waiwai ai nā wai o ke kai a me nā loko: molluscs, crustacean, nā ʻano ʻeneka like ʻole. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā manu i nā limu. I kekahi manawa, e luʻu ana i ka hohonu o ka iʻa, hāʻule lākou i ka ʻupena lawaiʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Loons pū me nā penguins nā paʻa paʻa paʻa loa no ka luʻu luʻu. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau manu e nā lawaiʻa ma kahi hohonu ma kahi o 70 mau mika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā loona he mau kai kai, a neʻe i nā loko wai hou i ka wā o ka pūnana a hoʻomaha paha i ka neʻe ʻana. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā manu e ko lākou kūmau i ke koho ʻana i kahi o ka noho a me ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻolālā lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka wai, e hele ana i ka ʻāina no ka pūnana wale nō.
Ua hoʻoheheʻe ka poʻe mākua i ka hāʻule ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana - a laila loli ka plumage hānau maʻamau i kahi kala like ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule nā hulu o kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā loona ke piʻi i ka lewa no 1-1.5 mau mahina. Na ʻApelila wale nō e loaʻa ai i nā manu nā plumage kauwela.
Lele wikiwiki lākou, lele pinepine i ko lākou mau ʻeheu, hoʻokele iki. Lawe wale lākou mai ka papa o ka wai, ʻoiai e lūlū ana i ka makani no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Noho mau lākou i lalo i ka wai me ko lākou ʻōpū, ʻoiai e hāpai ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i luna, a hoʻonoho i ko lākou mau wāwae i hope. Ma muli o ke ʻano kikoʻī a me ke kūlana o nā wāwae, palupalu loa nā manu i ka ʻāina. Noho haʻahaʻa ka loona ma luna o ka wai; inā weliweli, ʻaʻole ia e hemo pinepine, akā luʻu nō.
I loko o kahi ʻāpana lele o nā loona ʻaʻohe mea nui, no laila mai ka ʻaoʻao a he ʻano chaotic paha ka lele. Aia ka ʻohana i nā pūʻulu manu liʻiliʻi e hoʻopuehu ʻia, a ma waena o kahi e hiki ai i kahi mamao i kahi o nā ʻumi mau mika.
He manu akahele loa kēia e hoʻāʻo e haʻalele i ka poʻe, no laila paʻakikī ke hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau holoholona, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka leo o nā loona i like ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kāhea o nā manu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi o nā kani a lākou e hana ai he ʻano like me ka leo o ke kanaka, no ka laʻana:
- ke kahakaha ʻana i ko lākou mokuna a i ka wā o ka pūnana, like ko lākou uē me ka uē nui o ka holoholona;
- inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hoʻopuka lākou i nā leo aʻoaʻo koʻikoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka ʻakaʻaka kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He kaʻao ko ka ʻĀkau ʻākau i nā hui o nā pūhaka, e kani ana i ka wā o kā lākou lele, me nā ʻuhane o nā luina make.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Loon chick
He monogamous nā loona a paʻa pālua no ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke hana hou i ka makahiki ʻekolu wale nō, ʻo ko lākou mau makahiki he 15-20 mau makahiki. ʻO nā pūnana Loons kokoke i nā kino wai kūmau. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana mai ka mauʻu, nā mea kanu popopo kokoke loa i kahakai. 2-3 mau puka e alakaʻi ai i kēlā me kēia o lākou i ka wai, me ke kōkua o nā loona e loaʻa iā lākou iho i kā lākou mea maoli i kahi kekona. ʻAno pulu mau nā pūnana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hana iki nā manu i kahi moe ma lalo.
He mea hoihoi loa nā pāʻani moena loona. Ke alualu nei kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā uē kuli i kekahi i kekahi, wikiwiki koke i ka ʻili o ka wai a kīʻaha i ko lākou ʻāʻī. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana ma ka wai. Me ka haki o kahi mau lā, waiho ka wahine mai hoʻokahi a i ʻekolu mau hua ʻōniʻoniʻo eleele-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo nā hua i 25-30 mau lā e nā mea ʻelua, akā pinepine ka wahine.
Hiki i nā loona ke pale aku i kā lākou paʻa mai nā manu a me nā mea luku liʻiliʻi. Inā hoʻokokoke kahi predator nui a kanaka paha i ka pūnaewele pūnana, a laila paʻa ka manu i ka pūnana a laila, kūlou kona ʻāʻī, paheʻe wikiwiki i ka wai.
Ke piʻi nei i kahi mamao, ʻauʻau ka loona me ka nānā maka ʻole i ke kapakai, me ke kani ʻole ʻana o kekahi leo. Inā ua kūleʻa ʻia ka paʻa, hoʻowalewale nā manu i ka predator mai ka pūnana me nā keiki ma nā ʻano hiki āpau: luʻu lākou, uē nui a ʻakaʻaka, lele i ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpio i ka plumage hina ʻeleʻele. ʻAneʻane mākaukau koke ʻo Chicks e ʻauʻau a luʻu, akā no nā lā ʻelua i hūnā lākou i ka mauʻu. E kūʻokoʻa loa lākou ma hope o 6-7 mau pule, a ma mua o kēlā manawa hānai ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau mākua me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā loona
Kiʻi: Lono ʻauʻau
I ka nohona kūlohelohe, he mau ʻenemi ko ka poʻe mākua, ʻoiai lākou e akahele loa a i kahi pōpilikia iki e luʻu hohonu lākou i lalo o ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā leo weliweli, a hoʻomaka lākou e lele nui i ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā lōlo e komo i loko o ka wai, akā e hemo.
Inā hiki i nā manu oʻo kolohe ke pale aku iā lākou iho, a i ka liʻiliʻi loa, e pakele i ka manawa, e luku ʻia kā lākou paʻa lima e nā ʻalalā, nā alopeke, nā skuas. Hiki i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke lilo i waiwai pio no lākou, ʻoiai ke kiaʻi ʻana o ko lākou mau mākua.
ʻAʻole he ʻenemi ke kanaka o nā loona. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau manu wai i ka ʻono kūikawā a ʻai wale ʻia a ʻā wale e nā poʻe o ka North North.
Hāpai ʻia kahi hana hoʻoweliweli nui i nā loona e nā hana a ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻohaumia i nā moana o ka honua me ka ʻōpala aila i luku i nā loona ma mua o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
ʻO kēia mau manu, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke noho wale i nā wai maʻemaʻe, a maʻalahi loa i nā kemika like ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa i kahi mau loona i kahi waihona me ka wai maʻemaʻe no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua, a laila i ka hapalua o nā hihia ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomoe i nā hua. Ke hoʻoulu nā manu i nā hua, make ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka loona
Haahaa loa ka mana hānau o nā loona. Eia hou, make lākou ma muli o ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni, hāʻule pinepine i ka ʻupena o nā lawaiʻa, i kekahi manawa lilo lākou i mea hao wale ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, a huikau pinepine lākou iā lākou me nā manu pāʻani ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea e hopohopo nui nei ka heluna kanaka o Loon i hōʻeuʻeu i ka ʻeleʻele a me White-billed Diver. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ʻEulopa he 400 wale nō mau pālū ʻeleʻele ʻōniʻoniʻo, i ke Kai ʻEleʻele - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima haneli mau kānaka.
Aia kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i loko o ka Red Book o Lūkia a loaʻa ke kūlana o nā ʻano mea ʻane pau ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nalo ʻulaʻula i loko o ka puke pale o kekahi mau ʻāina o ka ʻāina. Kūleʻa ke kūlana o nā loona ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: No nā makahiki he nui i kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale o ka mokuʻāina o Nevada ma ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahakai o kahi loko mauna me ka wai paʻakai, ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻaha leona o nā loona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hui ka poʻe i nā pua manu i kū ma ka waihona wai e hānai a loaʻa ka ikaika i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loko e papau a hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike o ka paʻakai a me nā mea ʻino i loko o kāna wai, ua pau ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana. Ua kū wale nā loona i ke kū ʻana ma laila, e lele ana a puni ia.
ʻAʻole launa ka Loons me nā poʻe. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoulu iā lākou ma lalo o nā kūlana hana, keu hoʻi e kiʻi i nā keiki, no laila ʻaʻohe wahi mahiʻai kahi e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau manu akahele.
Kiaʻi Loon
Kiʻi: Gagara mai ka Red Book
No ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna o nā loona āpau, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopilikia kekahi i ko lākou wahi noho mau. ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka heluna lehulehu o ka honua ka haumia o ka wai o ke kai a me ka moana, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka ʻōpala aila i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala ʻaila. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā iʻa pelagic e alakaʻi aku ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā lono.
Pale aku ʻo Loons i nā puʻuhonua a me nā puʻuhonua i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, a me nā wahi he nui ma Lūkia. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana e hana i nā zakazniks i nā wahi o nā pūʻulu pūnana nui o nā pūhaka, me ka pāpā kapu o ka mining ʻana o ka peat kokoke i kēia mau wahi. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā ʻupena i nā wahi hānai a me nā pūnana manu e kapu loa.
He hopena ka hopohopo o ka hopohopo i ka hana hou ʻana o ka lehulehu. Ke kipa ikaika aku nā mākaʻikaʻi a me nā lawaiʻa i nā kapakai o nā kino wai, nā pona e hoʻomoe i laila e koi ʻia e haʻalele i nā pūnana, a make i kā lākou keiki. He manu akahele loa kēia, no laila ʻaʻole iki lākou i ka waiho ʻana. Kū ka Loons hōʻea ʻana i nā loko i kipa nui ʻia.
I ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia nā loona e ka loli ʻana o nā waihona wai i luna ma muli o ka hemo ʻana o ka peat ma laila a me ka make ʻana o nā loona ʻōpio i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa.
Loonā, he manu kahiko ia, ua ola a hiki i ko mākou mau manawa, a kupaianaha! Hiki iā ia ke kapa ʻia he fossil ola maoli. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia ʻano laha mai ka lilo ʻana i mea o ka wā i hala, pono nui ka poʻe e makaʻala i nā loona a me ko lākou mau pono no ka hānau ʻana.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/09/2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 12:31
