Crane ʻo Demoiselle ʻO ia ka laha liʻiliʻi loa o nā manuʻoki. ʻ mentionedlelo pinepine ʻia kēia manu ma nā puke a me nā mele a India ʻĀkau a me Pakistan. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona nani e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hoʻohālikelike he nui ma waena o nā wahine maikaʻi a me kēia manuʻū. Uhi ʻia ke poʻo o ka Demoiselle Crane i ka hulu a nele i nā ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Crane ʻo Demoiselle
He manu neʻe ʻo Demoiselle Cranes i hānai ʻia ma Central Europe a me ʻAsia, a me ka hoʻoilo ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, India a me Pakistan. ʻO lākou nā manu o nā wahi hānai maloʻo (kahi i komo i ka ʻāpana steppe a me savannah), akā aia lākou i loko o ka hiki o ka wai.
Akoakoa nā crane Demoiselle i nā hipa nui i mea e neʻe ai. Haʻalele lākou i kā lākou wahi mahiʻai ʻākau i ka wanaʻao a hoʻi i ka puna. Mālama nā holoholona i nā hipa nui i ka wā hoʻoilo, akā hoʻopuehu a hōʻike i ke ʻano teritori ke kūnana lākou i ke kauwela. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka crane Demoiselle kahi lōʻihi a paʻakikī hoʻi i make nā kānaka he nui i ka pōloli a luhi paha.
Video: ʻO Demoiselle Crane
Ma ke ʻano he rula, makemake ʻo Demoiselle Cranes e neʻe ma kahi haʻahaʻa, akā piʻi kekahi mau kānaka i ke kiʻekiʻe o 4 a 8 km, neʻe ma waena o nā kuahiwi o nā mauna Himalayan i ko lākou kahua hoʻoilo ma ʻInia. Hiki ke loaʻa pū ʻia kēia mau manuā me nā manuahi Eurasia ma ko lākou wā hoʻoilo, ʻoiai i kēia mau kikowaena nui kākoʻo lākou i nā hui kaawale.
I loko o nā mahina o Malaki a me ʻApelila, lele ka crane ʻo Demoiselle i ka ʻākau i kāna mau wahi pūnana. ʻO ka ʻohana ma kēia neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe mai ka ʻehā a i ka ʻumi manu. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka wā hānau holoʻokoʻa, hānai kēia mau manu manu i ka hui a ʻehiku mau kānaka.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka Demoiselle Crane
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka crane Demoiselle ma kahi o 90 cm, kaupaona - 2-3 kg. ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka manu a me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele ka nui, a ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻūlū lōʻihi o nā hulu keʻokeʻo ma hope o nā maka. ʻO ko lākou leo e like me ka clang sonorous, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a melodic ma mua o ka leo o ka manuʻū maʻamau. ʻAʻohe dimorphism moekolohe (maopopo maopopo ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine), akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAno-hina hina nā manu ʻōpio me kahi poʻo keʻokeʻo. Hinahina a elongated iki nā hulu ma hope o nā maka.
ʻAʻole like me nā manuahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki nā crane demoiselle i nā wahi kai a makemake e noho i nā wahi me nā lau nahele haʻahaʻa: i nā savannas, steppes a me nā semi-Desert ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 m. nā wahi ʻē aʻe kokoke i ka wai: nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka Red Book.
ʻImi hoihoi: Noho nā crane ʻo Demoiselle i nā zoo no ka liʻiliʻi he 27 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke ola nei kekahi mau manu he 60 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha (ʻekolu mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia). ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ola o nā laha i ka nahelehele, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole.
He poʻo hulu piha kā ka Demoiselle Crane a ʻaʻohe ona ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili hune i maʻa mau ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o Cranes. He kino hina hina ko ke kanaka makua. Ma nā ʻeheu he hulu me kahi wēlau ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Hōʻike ka mua o ka ʻāʻī i nā hulu ʻeleʻele elongated e kau i lalo i ka umauma.
Ma ke poʻo, he keʻokeʻo hina keʻokeʻo waena mai ka lae a i ka pāpale aliʻi hope. ʻO nā pepeiao pepeiao keʻokeʻo, e hoʻonui ana mai ka maka a i ka ʻipiput, i hana ʻia e nā hulu keʻokeʻo elongated. Pōkole ke nuku pololei, hina ma ke kumu a me ka piko ʻulaʻula. ʻAlani ʻulaʻula nā maka, ʻeleʻele nā paws. ʻAe nā manamana wāwae pōkole i ka manu e holo maʻalahi ma ka ʻāina maloʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ke hana nei ka Demoiselle Crane i kahi learse, expressionless, guttural kani e like me ke kani o nā pū, a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me "krla-krla" a i ʻole "krl-krl".
Ma hea e noho ai ka Cris Demoiselle?
Kiʻi: Crane ʻo Demoiselle
Aia he 6 mau wahi nui no ka lāhui Demoiselle Crane:
- kahi heluna emi mau o 70,000 a 100,000 i loaʻa ma Asia Hikina;
- Aia ʻo Central Asia i ka ulu mau o 100,000;
- ʻO Kalmykia ke kolu o ka noho hikina me 30,000 a 35,000 mau kānaka, a kūpaʻa kēia kiʻi i kēia manawa;
- ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau ma ka pā ʻo Atlas, ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka he 50;
- ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka o 500 ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele;
- He wahi hānau hānau liʻiliʻi ʻo Turkey ma lalo o 100 mau kānaka.
Noho ʻo Crane Demane i loko o nā ulu lāʻau ākea a kipa pinepine aku i nā kula, nā sabana, nā ʻāpapa a me nā wahi pā like ʻole kokoke i ka wai - nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā wahi kai. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano i nā wao nahele a me nā waoakua ke loaʻa ka wai ma laila. No ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana ka holoholona i nā wahi i mahi ʻia ma India a me nā wahi no ka pō ma nā wahi wai paʻa. I nā wahi hoʻoilo i ʻApelika, noho ʻo ia i loko o kahi sabana kakalaioa me nā acacias, nā wahi ulu a me nā wahi wai kokoke.
ʻO nā Cranes Demoiselle kahi ʻano cosmopolitan i loaʻa i kahi ākea o nā wahi noho. ʻO nā pūnana manuā Demoiselle ma Central Eurasia, mai ke Kai ʻEleʻele a Mongolia a me Kina hikina hikina. ʻO Winters ma ka mokupuni ʻĀina a me ʻApelika sub-Sahara. Loaʻa nā lehulehu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma Turkey a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau (Kuahiwi Atlas). ʻIke ʻia kēia manu a i 3000 mau mika ma ʻAsia.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manuʻā ʻo Demoiselle. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea a Demoiselle Crane e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Demoiselle crane i ka lele
ʻEleu nā Demoiselles i ka lā. Hānai nui lākou i ke kakahiaka i nā wahi ākea a me nā māla, a laila kū like no ke koena o ka lā. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻanoʻano, nā mauʻu, nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, nā ʻelala, nā ilo, nā moʻo, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻAi nā cranes Demoiselle i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka meaʻai nui e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu, nā lūlū, nā peanuts, nā legume. Hoʻomoʻa mālie ʻo Crane crane i ka meaʻai, e hānai nui ana i nā meaʻai mea kanu, akā ʻai pū kekahi i nā mea kolo i ke kauwela, a me nā ilo, nā moʻo a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi.
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, kū nā hipa nui i nā wahi i mahi ʻia, e like me nā wahi hoʻoilo ma India, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hōʻino i nā mea kanu. No laila, omnivorous nā crane belladonna, hoʻopau lākou i kahi nui o nā mea kanu i ka makahiki āpau a hoʻonui i kā lākou papaʻai me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā crane ʻo Demoiselle ma ke ʻano:
- nā mea ola kino;
- nā holoholona insectivorous;
- mea ʻai pūpū;
- holoholona deciduous;
- nā mea ʻai i nā mea kanu hua.
ʻO nā mea kikoʻī, nā kā lākou papaʻai: nā hua, nā lau, nā ʻākala, nā nati, nā hua, nā hua, nā ʻōpala palaoa, nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā ʻelala, nā ilo, nā ʻūhū, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūlū, nā moʻo, nā moʻo, a me nā meheu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Demoiselle crane ma Lūkia
Hiki i nā Cranes Demoiselle ke noho kaʻawale a me ka pilikanaka. Ma waho o nā hana nui o ka ʻai ʻana, ka hiamoe ʻana, ka hele wāwae ʻana, a pēlā wale aku. ʻEleu lākou i ka lā ke hānai, hānai, pūnana a mālama ʻana i nā keiki ke hiki mai ka wā hānau. I ka wā hānau ʻole, kamaʻilio lākou i nā kau
I ka pō, hilinaʻi ʻo Demoiselle Cranes ma ka wāwae hoʻokahi, a hūnā ʻia ko lākou poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ma lalo a ma ka poʻohiwi. ʻO kēia mau manu manu he neʻe lākou i nā manu e hele lōʻihi mai nā wahi hānau a i nā kahua hoʻoilo. Mai ʻAukake a Kepakemapa, hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā pūʻulu he 400 mau kānaka, a laila neʻe no ka hoʻoilo. I Malaki a ʻApelila, lele lākou i ka ʻākau i ko lākou mau pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO ka pūʻā ma ka neʻe ʻana o ka huakaʻi helu he 4 a 10 mau manu wale nō. I ka wā hānau, hānai lākou me nā mea ʻehiku.
E like me nā ʻano manuʻahi, hana ka crane Demoiselle i nā hana maʻamau a me nā hana nani, ma ka noho aloha ʻana a me ka nohona kanaka. ʻO kēia mau hana a hula paha me nā neʻe i hoʻohui ʻia, ka lele ʻana, ka holo ʻana, a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻāpana mea kanu i ka lewa. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā hulahula Criskani Demoiselle ma mua o ka nui o ka lāhui a ua wehewehe ʻia he "ʻano like me ka ballet," me nā kiʻi keaka.
Hele ʻo Crane Demane a hele i waena o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o ka Himalayas, ʻoiai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hele i nā wao akua ākea o ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau e kiʻi i ko lākou kahua hoʻoilo. ʻO ka heluna liʻiliʻi o Tureke he noho ma waena o kāna pae. I ka manawa mua, hiki i nā hānai hipa ke loaʻa i nā manu he 400, akā ke hōʻea lākou i nā wahi hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā pūʻulu nui he tausani mau kānaka.
ʻO ka Crane Demoiselle, e like me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, pono e holo mua i ka honua e loaʻa ka wikiwiki a hemo. Lele me nā ʻāheu hohonu, ikaika a piʻi i luna kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana me nā wāwae e kau ana, hohola nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo. ʻOiai e neʻe ana ma luna o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5,000 a 8,000 mau mika.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Chick crane ʻo Demoiselle
Hana ʻia ka wā hānau ma ʻApelila-Mei a hiki i ka hopena o Iune i nā ʻākau o ka pae. ʻO nā pūnana manuā Demoiselle ma ka ʻāina maloʻo, ma ka ʻiliʻili, i ka mauʻu ākea a i ʻole nā wahi i mālama ʻia. Lilo ka pālua i ka hakakā a me ka ʻāina, a pale i ko lākou wahi e hoʻomoana ai. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻowalewale i nā mea ʻino mai ka pūnana mai me kekahi ʻano o ka "ʻeheu haki".
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ʻelua mau hua i ka manawa ma ka honua. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia kekahi mau pōhaku liʻiliʻi a mea kanu paha i kekahi manawa e ka poʻe mākua no ka camouflage a me ka pale ʻana, akā he wahi liʻiliʻi iki ka pūnana. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma kahi o 27-29 mau lā, i mahele ʻia i waena o nā mākua. Hinahina nā moa Downy me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele ākea a hina keʻokeʻo ma lalo.
Hānai ʻia lākou e nā mākua ʻelua a hahai koke i ka poʻe mākua ma hope o ka hatching i nā wahi mahiʻai kokoke. Hoʻomaka lākou e lele ma kahi o 55 a 65 paha mau lā ma hope o ka hatching, kahi manawa pōkole loa no nā manu nui. Ma hope o 10 mau mahina, lilo lākou i kūʻokoʻa a hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hana hou ma 4-8 mau makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau hiki iā Demoiselle Cranes ke hana hou i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo Demoiselle Cranes he monogamous, noho pū kā lāua pālua me lākou i ko lākou ola āpau.
Noho nā manu ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina e kau nei i ka paona e hoʻomākaukau no ka neʻe ʻana o ka lau. Hele pū ʻo Young Demoiselle Cranes me ko lākou mau mākua i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kauwela a noho pū me lākou a hiki i ka hoʻoilo mua.
I ke pio ʻana, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā crane Demoiselle ma kahi o 27 mau makahiki, ʻoiai aia he hōʻike o nā manuahi kikoʻī i noho ma mua o 67 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ola o nā manu i ka nahelehele i kēia manawa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka weliweli o ke ola ma ke kūlohelohe, manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola o ka manu ʻā ma mua o ko ka poʻe e noho pio ana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka crane Demoiselle
Kiʻi: Crane ʻo Demoiselle
ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā crane āpau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o Demoiselle Cranes i nā predators ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻimi pū ʻia lākou ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka honua. Ma nā wahi a lākou e hoʻopōʻino ai i nā mea kanu, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā crane nā mea ʻino a hiki ke pepehi ʻia a make ʻia paha e nā kānaka.
ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā mea ʻaihue o Demoiselle Cranes. Loaʻa ka ʻike iki e pili ana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia laha ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēlā mau laha e hoʻoweliweli nei i nā wahi hānau o kēia mau manuʻoki.
Aia i waena o nā mea mōneka kaulana o ka Demoiselle Cranes nā:
- ʻāwīwī;
- ʻīlio kūloko;
- ʻalopeke
He poʻe pale ʻoi loa ʻo Demoiselle cranes i ko lākou pūnana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻāpana, hiki iā lākou ke alualu i nā alopeke a me nā ʻīlio. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kānaka he predator no ka mea, ʻoiai he kūpono ʻole ke ʻimi holoholona i kēia laha, hana ʻia nā hoʻokoe ma nā wahi waiwai-waiwai.
Mea leʻaleʻa: he mau ʻano kamaʻilio like ʻole kā Demoiselle cranes e kōkua ai iā lākou e pale iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻino, e like me nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli like ʻole, ka leo ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, ka nuku a me nā māiʻuʻu o nā mākia e hānai a holo pono pono ai, a me nā kala hina hina hina o nā mākua a me nā hua, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele me nā wahi lavender, kahi e kōkua pono ai e hūnā mai nā ʻenemi.
ʻO nā omnivora nunui a me nā mea hiki ke loaʻa, ʻo Demoiselle Cranes e launa pū me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻokipa kēia mau manuʻāʻī i nā parasite o nā nematode like ʻole, e like me ka worm ʻulaʻula tracheal a i ʻole roundworm, nā parasite ʻōpū. ʻO Coccidia kekahi parasite e hoʻopili i nā ʻōpū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka manu, e like me ka puʻuwai, ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa a me nā akemāmā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka Demoiselle Crane
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā heluna o kēia mau manuʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻāpana o kā lākou laulā, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau mea ʻino o nā mea kanu mahiʻai, no ka mea hoʻopōʻino lākou i nā mea kanu a no kēia kumu hiki ke make a make paha. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi mau papahana pale i kekahi mau ʻāina e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻimi holoholona a pale aku i ka manu a me kona wahi noho.
Hoʻoweliweli pū ʻia lākou e ka kahe ʻana o nā wahi wai a nalowale kahi noho, a ʻeha lākou i ke kaomi hahai holoholona. Pepehi ʻia kekahi no ka haʻuki a no ka meaʻai paha, a aia kahi kūʻai holoholona hewa ʻole ma Pakistan a me Afghanistan. Kū ka degradation Habitat i nā steppe ma loko o ka pae holoʻokoʻa, a ma nā kahua hoʻoilo a me nā ala neʻe.
No laila, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻoweliweli e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka o Demoiselle.
- ka hoʻololi o nā nāhelehele;
- nā hoʻololi o ka hoʻohana ʻāina mahiʻai;
- lawe wai;
- hoʻolahalaha kūlanakauhale a me ka hoʻomohala ʻāina;
- kahua ulu lāʻau;
- nā hoʻololi i nā mea kanu;
- haumia kaiapuni;
- kuʻi me nā laina pono;
- lawaiʻa nui kanaka;
- ʻaihue;
- kahi pahele e ola ai no ka hana kūloko a me ke kālepa kālepa ʻana;
- lāʻau make
ʻO ka huina nui o Demoiselle Cranes ma kahi o 230,000-261,000 kanaka. I kēia manawa, i ʻEulopa, ua helu ʻia ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano ma waena o 9,700 a me 13,300 pālua (19,400-26,500 mau mākua makua). Aia ma kahi o 100-10,000 mau pā hānau hānau ma Kina, a he 50-1,000 mau manu e neʻe mai. Ma ka laulaha, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka laha ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli ʻia, a ke hoʻonui nei kona mau helu i kēia lā.
Ka pale ʻana i ka Crane Demoiselle
Kiʻi: Demoiselle crane mai ka Red Book
ʻOi aku ka paʻa a me ka palekana o ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻo Demoiselle Cranes ma mua o kēlā me kēia ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke ana ʻia nei e hōʻemi i nā hoʻoweliweli i helu ʻia ma luna.
ʻO nā hana mālama i pōmaikaʻi i kēia mau manuʻoki i kēia manawa:
- palekana;
- hana i nā wahi pale;
- nā loiloi kūloko a me nā ʻike o nā ala neʻe;
- ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polokalamu kiaʻi;
- loaʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻike.
Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana aʻo aupuni i ka hānau a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā wahi o Demoiselle Cranes, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana aʻo hou me ke komo pū ʻana o nā mea ʻimi holoholona ma Afghanistan a me Pakistan. E hāʻawi kēia mau papahana i ka ʻike ākea ākea o ka lāhui a lana ka manaʻo e hāʻawi nui i ke kākoʻo no ka mālama ʻana iā Demoiselle Cranes.
Nā Cranes: Ua nānā ʻia ke kūlana o ka Overview Overview a me ka Conservation Action i ke kūlana mālama o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ʻeono mau wahi āpana kahi e noho ai nā Demoiselles.
Penei kā lākou helu ʻana:
- weliweli ka heluna kanaka Atlas;
- weliweli ka heluna o ke Kai ʻEleʻele;
- Pelapela ka heluna kanaka o Tureke;
- ka heluna kanaka o Kalmykia - emi iki ka makaʻu;
- Kazakhstan / Central Asia heluna kanaka - haʻahaʻa pilikia;
- pilikia ka heluna o ka Hikina Asia.
Ua hoʻoulu mau ʻo Cranes i ka poʻe ma o ka hana noʻeau, nā kaʻao, nā kaʻao a me nā mea i hana ʻia, e ʻimi mau nei i nā ʻano naʻau ikaika. Ua hoʻomalu lākou i ka hoʻomana a ua ʻike ʻia i nā pictograms, petroglyphs, a me nā keramika. I nā hale kupapaʻu o ʻAigupita kahiko crane demoiselle hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā mea pena kiʻi o ia manawa.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/03/2019
Lā hou: 28.09.2019 ma 11:50
