ʻĀpiki ʻAmelika - ʻo ia ka nui o ka cockroach peridomic maʻamau a me kahi pest nui ma United States. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika i nā ʻeheu, akā ʻaʻole ia he pailota maikaʻi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: cockroach ʻAmelika
ʻO nā kūpuna ʻAmelika he mau mea ʻinoʻino, a hiki i ko lākou noho ʻana i ka home ke hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino koʻikoʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Cockroache e hoʻolaha aku ma ka liʻiliʻi he 33 mau ʻano bacteria, e like me E. coli a me Salmonella, a me ʻeono mau ʻano o nā koʻe parasite a ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻehiku mau ʻano ʻino hou o nā kānaka.
Video: kakā ʻAmelika
Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā mikena ma nā kui o ko lākou mau wāwae a me ke kino i ko lākou kolo ʻana ma waena o nā mea palaho a i ʻole ka wai hoʻowahāwahā, a laila hoʻoili i nā mikrob i nā papaʻai a i ʻole nā hobs. ʻO ka lawalā, mimi, a me nā wahi lepo o nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika e komo i loko nā protein alergenic e hoʻāla i nā hopena maʻi a me nā hōʻeha hānō. No laila, ʻo ka cockroaches kahi kumu maʻamau o nā maʻi āpau a puni ka makahiki a me nā hōʻailona hānō, keu hoʻi i nā keiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO nā pākiko ʻAmelika nā mea nui ʻino a puni ka honua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou he ʻōiwi maoli no ʻAmelika. ʻO ka home maoli o ka cockroach ʻAmelika ʻo tropical Africa. Hōʻike nā hōʻike i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka cockroach ʻAmelika i ʻAmelika i nā moku kauā.
Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka genus Periplaneta he kanahākumamāhiku ʻano, ʻaʻohe o nā mea āpau i United States. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka cockroach ʻAmelika i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ʻApelika mai ka makahiki 1625 a ua hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma o ke kālepa ʻana. ʻIke nui ʻia ia i nā hale haʻahaʻa, nā sewer, nā tunnels mahu, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe. Maʻalahi ke loaʻa o kēia ʻoka ma nā hale kūʻai aku a me nā hale nui e like me nā hale ʻaina, nā hale kūʻai, nā mea kahu palaoa, a me nā wahi a pau e hoʻomākaukau ai a mālama ʻia ai ka meaʻai. He kakaikahi ka ʻāpiki ʻAmelika ma nā hale, akā hiki ke maʻi i ka maʻi ma hope o ka ua nui.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika
Aia nā kakaka ʻAmelika ma ka awelika 1 a 1.5 cm ka lōʻihi akā hiki ke ulu a i 5 cm. ʻĀmele ʻulaʻula ka ʻāpana ʻAmelika i kahi kala melemele e kahakaha ana i ka wahi ma hope o ko lākou poʻo. He mau ʻeheu nā kāne a me nā wahine i hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi mamao.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o kahi kakā ʻAmelika mai ka hua manu a i ka makua ʻo 168 a 786 mau lā. Ua hiki i ka makua, hiki i ka wahine ke ola mai 90 a 706 mau lā, a ʻo ke kāne mai 90 a 362 mau lā.
Hiki i nā ʻoka ʻAmelika ke nahu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hana iki lākou. Inā nahu ka moa, ʻaʻole ia e pilikia, inā ʻaʻole i maʻi.
ʻEhā mau hōʻailona ʻano o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ka cockroach ʻAmelika.
- ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻike nā mea hale i nā mea kolo e neʻe wikiwiki ana i nā wahi pouli;
- ʻo ka lua, haʻalele ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika i nā pulu ma nā wahi pouli kahi e peʻe ai. Kūmūmū kēia ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma nā wēlau a aia nā ʻaoʻao i nā ʻaoʻao. Kuhi hewa pinepine ʻia no ka lepo o ka ʻiole, no laila he mea nui e kāhea aku i kahi loea mālama pest i laikini ʻia no ka ʻike pololei;
- ʻo ke kolu, ʻo ke kū ʻana o nā capsule hua manu ʻeleʻele e pili ana i 8 mm ka lōʻihi a he hōʻailona hoʻi o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka cockroach ʻAmelika. Hoʻopili nā capsules hua manu i kekahi manawa i nā papa kokoke i nā kumuwaiwai a hiki ke loaʻa i nā lumi o lalo, nā hale holoi, a me nā lumi kuke, a ma hope hoʻi o nā mīkini a i ʻole ma lalo o nā waihona;
- ʻo ka hā, hoʻopuka ka moʻo ʻAmelika i kahi pheromone a kekahi poʻe e hōʻike nei me ka honi "musty". ʻO ka poʻe me ke ʻano o ka hohono e ʻike paha i kēia pilau ma loko o ka hale.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻalalā ʻAmelika?
Kiʻi: ipukukui ʻAmelika nui
Noho ka hānai ʻAmelika i ka hapa nui i waho, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā hale. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpō ʻAmelika i nā kahe wai a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻAmelika ʻo ia ka lāhui cockroach maʻa mau i nā kahawai kaona. I ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika i nā wahi malu a me nā wahi onaona, e like me nā moena pua a ma lalo o ka mulch. I nā mahina kau wela, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i waho ma nā pā hale a me nā alanui ʻaoʻao.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hōʻike ʻia aia ma kahi o 5,000 ka poʻe kakaki ʻAmelika i loaʻa i kahi manhole hoʻokahi.
E neʻe i ka ʻāpiki ʻAmelika i loko o ka hale inā lākou e ʻike nei i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka loli nui o ke aniau. Ma ka laulā, makemake nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika i nā wahi mehana, mākū, a me ka pouli me nā mahana mai 21 a 26 mau kekelē Celsius. Komo pinepine lākou i nā hale ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe iā lākou, puka i waho i ka ʻōnaehana humuhumu ma o nā kahawai, a i ʻole neʻe i kēlā me kēia manawa mai nā hale ʻē aʻe, nā ʻāina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā mahana.
Kūleʻa nui ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻAmelika i nā hale kalepa ʻoi aku ka nui e like me nā hale ʻaina, nā hale kūʻai palaoa, nā hale kūʻai mea kūʻai, nā mea kanu meaʻai, nā halemai, a me nā mea hou aku, kahi e hoʻomāhuahua ai i nā wahi mālama a me nā wahi hoʻomākaukau, nā lumi paila, nā tunnels mahu, a me nā lumi i lalo. Hiki i kēia mau mea ʻino ke komo i loko o nā hale ma ka hele maʻalahi ʻana ma lalo o nā puka i kū ʻole i ke anilā, a ma o nā puka aniani o lalo a me nā hale kaʻa.
I ka manawa i loko o kahi home, ʻaʻa nā kokolo ʻAmelika i loko o ka lumi kuke, ka lua, ka lumi i lalo, a i ʻole kahi lumi holoi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai a me ka wai. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻāpā i loko o nā tunnels wela mahu a i ʻole nā hale lehulehu lehulehu. ʻO ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika ka lua o ka ʻāpā Kelemania i ka helu.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻāpiki ʻAmelika?
Kiʻi: kūpuna ʻAmelika i ke kūlohelohe
He omnivore ka moa kakā ʻAmelika. E noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā koho āpau no kāna pāʻina aʻe. ʻO nā meaʻai, nā feces a me nā mea āpau ma waena he kūpono loa no kahi kakā pōloli. Hoʻopau ia i nā meaola palaho, akā he scavenger a e ʻai i nā mea āpau.
Makemake ʻo ia i nā mea ono, akā hiki iā ia ke ʻai palekana i nā mea aʻe:
- pepa;
- kāmaʻa kāmaʻa;
- lauoho;
- berena;
- huaʻai;
- poʻi puke;
- iʻa;
- peanut;
- raiki kahiko;
- putrid sake;
- ʻo ka palupalu o loko o nā ʻili holoholona;
- ka lole;
- pepeke make.
ʻAi ka ʻāpiki ʻAmelika i nā ʻano meaʻai he nui, akā hōʻike lākou i kahi aloha kūikawā no ka mea hoʻowali. Ma waho, ʻai lākou i nā lau pala, nā ʻalalā, nā limu, nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka wahie, a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. I loko o ka hale, ʻai lākou i nā hunahuna i loaʻa ma lalo o nā hāmeʻa, i nā waipuna, ma hope o nā lumi kuke, a ma ka papahele. ʻAi lākou i ka meaʻai pipi e waiho ʻia na lākou. ʻO nā mea āpau a ka American cockroach nibbles e hele ai paha, hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā bacteria. Minamina, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike he kakā, no laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia nā ʻilikai a ʻaʻole pono e waiho i ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻAukake ʻAmelika ma Lūkia
Noho maʻa mau nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika. Makemake lākou i nā wahi mehana, mehana e like me nā moena pua a ma lalo o ka mulch. I nā wahi he nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kapa aku ka poʻe iā lākou he "saw palmetto beetles" no ka mea noho lākou i nā kumulāʻau. ʻAno nui nā ʻāpana ʻAmelika i nā ʻōnaehana humuhumu ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui o ʻAmelika. Komo ka ʻāpiki ʻAmelika i nā home e loaʻa ka wai a meaʻai paha.
Hiki iā lākou ke maʻalahi ma lalo o nā puka inā pili ke ʻano o kēia i kēia. ʻO nā puka makani lalo a me nā hale kaʻa he mau ala hele wāwae hoʻi. Ke komo nā ʻāpiki ʻAmelika i nā hale, hele pinepine lākou i ka lua, nā lumi kuke, nā hale holoi, a me nā lumi i lalo o ka hale.
ʻO ka neʻe nui ʻana o nā ʻāpō ʻAmelika he mea maʻamau. Hele lākou i nā hale a me nā keʻena mai nā sewer ma o nā paipu wai, a me nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau e kū kokoke ana i nā hale a i ʻole nā lālā e kau ana ma luna o nā kaupaku. I ka lā, ʻo ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika, ka mea e pane maikaʻi ʻole i ka mālamalama, hoʻomaha i nā awa kokoke i nā paipu wai, nā poho, nā ʻauʻau a me nā lua kahi e kūpono ai ka microclimate no ke ola.
Holo ka hapa nui o nā cockroach ʻAmelika no ka uhi i ke kukui hikiwawe, akā e mākaʻikaʻi lākou i nā wahi a me nā lumi i loaʻa ka mālamalama. E nānā iā lākou me kahi ipukukui i nā wahi pouli e like me ma lalo o nā waihona, nā pale a i ʻole nā pale, a i nā wahi pulu paha e like me ka lua, kaʻauʻau a i lalo o ka hale.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: cockroach ʻAmelika nui
Hoʻomoe nā wahine wahine kūloko ʻAmelika i kā lākou mau hua i loko o kahi pahu pale i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomohala ka wahine i kahi cyst ovarian, a i ka piko o kāna wā hānau hiki iā ia ke hana i ʻelua mau cist i kēlā me kēia pule. Hana nā wahine ma ka awelika hoʻokahi pahu hua i kēlā me kēia mahina no nā mahina he ʻumi, e waiho ana i nā hua he 16 i kēlā me kēia pahu. He ʻekolu pae o ke ola o ka ʻokaʻoka ʻAmelika: kahi hua manu, kahi helu loli o nā larval instars, a me kahi kanaka makua. ʻO ke ola pōʻai mai ka hua manu a i ke kanaka makua ma kahi o 600 mau lā ma ka awelika, a hiki i ke ola makua ke lilo i 400 mau lā.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ka larva kokoke i ke kumu meaʻai, i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka papahele a kipaku iā ia mai ka waha. Aia ka pahu waiho i ka wai lawa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua manu me ka ʻole o ka wai e huki ʻia mai ka substrate. E ʻeleʻele ke kino o ka hua manu i ka manawa e mālama ai a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma hope o hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha. ʻO 8mm ka lōʻihi a 5mm kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaka ka pae larval ke kū ka hua manu a hoʻopau me ka puka ʻana o kahi makua.
ʻO ka hanana o ka moulting o ka moʻo ʻAmelika mai ka ʻeono a 14. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika ma hope koke o ka paʻi ʻana, a laila ʻeleʻele hina. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, huli keʻokeʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lūlū kokoleka a laila ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao hope o ka ʻāpiki a me ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻO ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana mai ka hua manu a i ke kanaka makua ma kahi o 600 mau lā. ʻO ka larvae, e like me nā mākua, ʻimi ikaika i ka meaʻai a me ka wai.
He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ka ʻoka ʻoka ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano me ka pala ʻālohilohi a i ʻole ka melemele i ka lihi o ka pronotum. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine no ka mea hoʻonui nā ʻēheu o lākou i 4-8 mm ma ʻō aku o ka piko o ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa i nā kāne a me nā wahine he mau wīwī palupalu, haʻi ʻia ma ka piko o ko lākou ʻōpū. I nā kakaka kāne, loaʻa ka cerci mai 18 a 19 mau ʻāpana, a i nā wahine - mai 13 a 14 mau ʻāpana. Loaʻa i nā kekeke ʻAmelika he mau probe ma waena o cerci, ʻoiai ʻaʻole wahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kakā ʻAmelika
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻāpā ʻAmelika
Ua loaʻa kekahi mau ʻenemi hymenoptera kūlohelohe o ka cockroach ʻAmelika. Ke waiho nei kēia mau nalo parasites i kā lākou mau hua i loko o nā pahu hua moa cockroach, e pale nei i nā ʻūlū kokolo ʻAmelika e kū mai ana. ʻO Aprostocetus hagenowii kekahi o nā nalo parasite nāna i hoʻouka i ka ʻāpā American. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e kaohi ai i nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika e pale aku iā lākou mai ka lele ʻana. No laila, ʻo nā ʻano hana pale ka lālani pale mua i ka wā e pili ana i nā kūpuna ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka paia i ka pae honua, ka wehe ʻana i nā lau pala, a me ka palena ʻana i nā wahi pulu i loko a me ka hale e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā wahi hoihoi no kēia mau ipo. ʻO nā kaohi ʻē aʻe he insecticides i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā paia o ka hale i lalo, nā ʻōpala wahie, a me nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā aerosol koena i loko a puni ka anapuni o ke ʻano haumia. Akā ʻo kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i loko o ka hale ʻaʻohe mea nui i ke kaua kūʻē ʻana i nā kūpuna ʻAmelika.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuehu i nā ipo, e paʻakikī ana i ka kaohi a me ka manawa nui. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā insecticides a me nā aerosols e kaohi i nā lehulehu o ka cockroach, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i ka luku ʻana i nā nalo parasite. ʻAno maikaʻi loa nā loose, ʻona, a me nā maunu granular e kūʻē i nā lehulehu kūpona ma ʻAmelika.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: kalaka ʻAmelika i loko o ke keʻena
He mea ʻole ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻāpā ʻAmelika a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli, hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā ʻano kūlana, ʻoiai ka mea ʻoi loa. Ua huakaʻi ka ipukukui ʻAmelika i loko o nā moku lāʻau a holoholo a puni ka honua. Ua hele ʻo ia i mua o ke kanaka i nā makahiki he mau miliona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO Cockroaches kekahi o nā mea kūpale kūpale nui loa o ka honua. Hōʻike lākou i nā hana ola kū hoʻokahi, me ka hiki ke ola i hoʻokahi pule me ke poʻo ʻole.
ʻO ka cockroach ʻAmelika kekahi o nā ʻano kolo ʻehā i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea ʻino maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano ʻekolu ʻē aʻe ʻo ka Kelemania, brown browned a me oriental cockroach. ʻOiai aia ma kahi o 3,500 mau ʻano kakaka i loaʻa i ka honua, aia wale nō he 55 o lākou ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Nui nā hoʻāʻo e hakakā iā lākou ma nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻino ʻia mai nā kūpuna mai ko lākou maʻa mau o ka hānai ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā wahi maʻū a me nā wahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole e like me nā ʻōpala, hoʻolei ʻōpala, nā lua, nā lumi kuke, a me nā ipu meaʻai a me nā wahi mālama. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka lepo mai kēia mau kumuwaiwai e nā ʻāpā i nā meaʻai a me nā pono, nā pono, nā mea hana a me nā papa kuke. Hoʻohaumia lākou i nā meaʻai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hiki ke ʻai.
ʻĀpiki ʻAmelika hiki ke lilo i hopohopo olakino lehulehu ma muli o kā lākou hui pū ʻana me nā ʻōpala kanaka a me nā maʻi a me ko lākou hiki ke neʻe mai nā humuhumu i nā hale a me nā ʻoihana. He mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi nā Cockroaches no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke stain i nā mea me kā lākou excrement.
Lā paʻi: 02.08.2019 makahiki
Lā hou: 28.09.2019 ma 11:37
