ʻ .iwi hua waina kekahi o nā gastropod terrestrial maʻamau i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kā mākou latitude. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea i nā wahi āpau, noho nā nīnū ma nā ulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ululāʻau a me nā pāka, nā māla a me nā māla mea kanu. Kūleʻa loa kēia mau hū, hoʻopuka koke a hoʻopiha maʻalahi i nā wahi nui. Manaʻo ʻia nā nīnina hua waina ʻo ia nā kuhū nui loa i loaʻa ma ʻEulopa. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua ʻai ʻia kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ua loaʻa mau kēia mollusks, a he mea maikaʻi loa kā lākou ʻiʻo.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻ shi hua waina
ʻO Helix pomatia a i ʻole Sape hua waina kahi mollusk terrestrial e pili ana i ka papa o gastropods, ke kauoha o nā ʻūhā, ka ʻohana cholicides. ʻO ka genus ʻo Helix kahi ʻano o ka hika hua waina Helix pomatia. A kaulana pū ʻia kēia sika i kapa ʻia ʻo Apple snail a i ʻole Apple snail, Moon snail a i ʻole Burgundy snail. ʻO nā kuhū i waena o nā meaola kahiko loa ma ka honua.
ʻOiai i loko o ka manawa Cretaceous o ka wā Mesozoic, ua noho mua nā kīʻaha i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO nā koena kahiko o nā lunamakaʻāinana o gastropods he 99 miliona mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa nā koena i Burma ma kahi ʻeli ʻeli. Mālama pū ʻia ka mollusk kahiko i nā ʻāpana palupalu, ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke ʻano i loko o ka amber a ʻaʻole hiki ke puka i waho.
Video: Snail hua waina
ʻO Helix pomatia ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka naturalist Suetena ʻo Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. Manaʻo ʻia ka hulu hua waina ʻo ka hū nui loa ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka nui o ka pūpū o ke kanaka makua a 46 mm, ʻo ka laulā o ka iwi a 47 mm. Hiki i ke kanaka makua ke kaupaona a 45 gram. ʻO ke kīʻaha hua waina he mollusc gastropod nui mai ke kauoha stalk-eyed.
Asymmetrical ke kino o ka mollusk. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia ke poʻo. ʻO ke poʻo he ʻelua mau tentacles a me ka maka. Kūlou ka pūpū i ke ʻano o ka ʻoni a loaʻa iā 4.5 huli. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka snail hua melemele i ʻalani, kākahu like. Hanu ka wai i kēia mollusk me ke kōkua o nā ake māmā. Pumatika - aia kahi puka hanu liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā pelu o ka ʻahu a hāmama i kēlā me kēia minuke.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke kākā hua waina
Nui loa nā nīnaina hua waina. ʻO ka pūpū o kahi kanaka makua he 3.5 a 6 cm ke anawaena. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mollusk i loko o ka pūpū holoʻokoʻa. I ke kino o ka mollusk, kū ka wāwae a me ke poʻo, ma ke poʻo he 2 mau maka a me nā halelewa. Pale aku nā ʻāpana o loko e kahi ʻahu, a ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana o kēia ʻahu ma waho. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 3.5 a 5.5 cm. Wīwī ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke kīloi ikaika i ke ʻano o ke kino
Ua uhi kaulike ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka hika me nā wili, a ʻo ka hapanui o kēlā me kēia kanaka he kumu ma ke kino. Mālama ʻia nā kulu wai o ka wai i nā wrinkle ma ka wāwae. Nui ka pūpū, kūlou i ke ʻano o kahi ʻoni, a loaʻa iā 4-5 huli. Kūlike ʻia ka pūpū, wili ʻia i ka ʻākau, melemele-ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o nā whorls ʻekolu o ka pūpū, aia he 5 mau kukuna māmā a me 5 mau kaha ʻeleʻele.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā nika hua waina ma muli o kā lākou papaʻai. Aia he mau paʻa ʻelua o ka ʻālua ma ke poʻo o ka hika ma luna o ka waha. Pōkole nā halelewa labial, mai 2 a 4.5 mm. ʻO 1 ka 2.2 cm ka lōʻihi o nā maka o ka maka. Aia nā maka ma nā ʻāpana o ka maka. He maka maikaʻi ʻole kā nā snails, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā mea i kahi mamao o 1 cm wale nō mai nā maka o ka mollusk. Hoʻohui ʻia, makapō ke aniani nā snail āpau, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala - no ka mea ʻo nā mea loaʻa nā kuleana āpau i ka hihiʻo i hoʻokahi pigment kiʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano kūloko o ka nīnū hua waina e like me ke ʻano o nā kuhū ʻē aʻe. Aia ka ʻōnaehana digestive o ka foregut ectodermal a me ka waena ectodermal. Hanu ka snail me kona mau ake māmā. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka puʻuwai e ka pericardium a komo i ka ventricle a me ka atrium hema. Hoʻopili ka puʻuwai i ke koko kala ʻole. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana nīnūnē he mau pūnana nerve.
Holo mālie nā kuhū, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae. I ka neʻe ʻana, hana ka ʻaʻā i nā mākala o ka wāwae a lele lele ma luna o ka papa, e kāpae mau ana iā ia. I ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mucus wai kūikawā mai ka mollusk, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hakakā. Paheʻe maʻalahi ke kī ma ke kekeke. I ka manawa like, pili paʻa ke kuhū i ka ʻili, no laila hiki ke kolo me ka maʻalahi me he mea lā he ākea. No laila aia ia ma luna o kahi ʻākau. Noho ke ola lōʻihi. I ka nahelehele, ʻo ka awelika o ke kīʻaha hua waina he 6-8 mau makahiki, eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā kānaka he nui. Aia nā nīnū e ola ana i 25-30 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā kīʻaha ke hana hou, me ka nalo ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o kona kino, hiki i ka ʻōlapa ke hoʻoulu hou iā ia i loko o ʻelua mau pule wale nō.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nīnū hua waina?
Kiʻi: ʻO ka hua uʻi ma Russia
I ka mua, pili kēia mau nīno i Central a me ʻEulopa Hema. I kēia lā, ākea loa ka wahi noho o kēia mau mollusks, ua pālahalaha nā hika ma waena o ʻEulopa, ma Australia ua lawe ʻia mai lākou i ka hema o ʻAmelika. Makemake nā poʻe e mālama i kēia mau nīnū e like me nā holoholona, no kēia mea i loaʻa iā lākou a puni ka honua.
Hoʻonui wikiwiki nā kuʻi, e lawe mai ana i nā keiki nunui, a noho maʻalahi i nā wahi hou. Hānau pinepine ʻole ka poʻe i nā kuhū ma ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i nā snail 2 ke lawe mai i nā keiki he nui loa a luku lākou i nā mea kanu a pau i kahi māla liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka sabotage o nā mahi mahiʻai i mahi ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui, pāpā ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai o nā nīnaina hua waina.
I ka nahelehele, noho mau kēia mollusks i nā kula, i nā ululāʻau kahi nui nā mea kanu e uhi ana i ka lepo, i nā pāka a me nā mālama. A ʻo nā hua nū hua waina hoʻi e like me ka noho ʻana ma nā māla a me nā māla me ka limestone a i ʻole ka lepo chalk. ʻO ka mea nui no nā hū ke alo o nā lau nahele uli. ʻOi aku ka pinepine o nā snails o kēia laha e hoʻouka i ke kumuwaina, e ʻai ana i nā lau waina nui, no ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai lākou. I nā kīhāpai, hoʻopōʻino kēia mau kīʻaha i nā mea kanu i ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau.
ʻOi aku nā kīʻaha hua waina i nā aniau onaona a mehana. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka lā mālamalama, i ke ao peʻe lākou mai ka lā ma lalo o nā lau a me nā pōhaku. I ka pō, kolo mālie lākou ma luna o nā mea kanu, ʻai i ka lau. Moe i ka moe i nā wahi like kahi a lākou e noho ai e peʻe nei i waena o nā pōhaku, i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau a me nā wahi mehameha ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoilo e hāʻule lākou i loko o ka animation hoʻomaha. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma laila a i 5 mau mahina.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ke kōkō hua waina?
Kiʻi: Snail hua waina nui
ʻO nā kīʻaha hua waina nā mea ulu lāʻau. ʻAi nui lākou i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo momona.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā kīʻaha hua waina:
- dandelion;
- kaupaku;
- lau hua waina;
- lau strawberry;
- lungwort;
- kāpiki;
- saladi;
- sorrel;
- lau horseradish;
- lau lettuce;
- lau raspberry;
- ʻupena a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau ʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole;
- nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai.
Pono nā snails i nā paʻakai kalipuna e kūkulu i ko lākou pūpū, a hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻalā i ka nahelehele. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ka humus, kahi i loaʻa nā minela like ʻole. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, pono e hāʻawi i nā kīʻaha i nā mea hoʻopili mineral kūikawā.
Hānai ʻia nā hika kūloko i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Makemake nā kīʻaha i nā ʻāpala, zucchini, maiʻa, beets, kukama, ʻumeke, melon, uala, radishes. A hele pū me nā greens, nā lau dandelion, nā beet a me nā kāloti, nā lau kanu. Ke hānai ʻana i nā nīna i loko o ka terrarium, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka meaʻai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa. Manaʻo ʻia ka berena i pulu ʻia he mea kūikawā no nā hū, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi wale nō i ke ʻano o nā meaʻai kōkua. Wehe ʻia nā koena o nā mea ʻai i hoʻopōʻino ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā kuhū. Pōloli mau nā kīʻaha, a ʻaʻohe ona ʻano piha, no laila pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hānai i ke kōkō ma mua o ka hānai nui ʻana.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i kāu mauʻu hua waina. E nānā pehea lākou e noho ai i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO ke aniani hua waina i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ke kīʻaha hua waina he manu mālie, lohi hoʻi e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho. E hoʻonoho i nā wahi onaona, e hoʻāʻo e noho ma waena o nā nāhelehele o ka mauʻu a me nā kumu lāʻau, kahi e hāʻule ʻole ai nā kukuna mālamalama. I ke ao, hiki iā ia ke peʻe ma lalo o nā pōhaku a i ka malu o nā mea kanu. Noho ka hū i kāna pūpū kokoke i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, kolo mālie lākou ma ka mauʻu a ʻai ʻane i nā manawa āpau. Aloha nui nā kuhū i ka ua, ma hope o ka ua makemake lākou e kolo i ka mauʻu paheʻe pahee. I ka wā maloʻo, hāʻule kēia mollusk i kahi makaʻu, i kēia manawa ua hele a maloʻo ke kolo, kolo i loko o kona pūpū a paʻi ma luna o kona puka me kahi kiʻi aniani moakaka
Lohi loa nā kuhū, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nīnū he 7 cm i kēlā me kēia minuke. hoʻoilo. I ke kauwela, ke iho ka mahana o ka lewa i 17-12'C, hibernates ke keʻo. Hibernates ia i loko o kahi lua kūikawā i ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo ma kahi hohonu o 5-10 knm. Kanu ke ʻano iā ia iho i ka lepo. Hiki i nā nīnoho ke noho i loko o ka Animation hoʻolei ʻia a hiki i 5 mau mahina i kēia manawa, lilo ke kaumaha nui, ma hope o ke ala ʻana, hoʻi ka ʻā i kona ʻano maʻamau i mau pule ʻelua. Me ke ala ala ʻana, hiki iā ia ke kū i ke ʻano o nā mahana maikaʻi ʻole no kahi manawa pōkole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He ikaika loa ka pūpū o ka hika, hiki iā ia ke kū i ke kaomi a hiki i 12.5kg. Kanu mālie ke kuhū iā ia iho i ka lepo me ka makaʻu ʻole e wāwahi ʻia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻulu hua waina ma Belarus
Hiki i ka wā ʻōpio ma nā nīnaina hua waina i ka makahiki o 1-1.5 mau makahiki. Loaʻa i nā snails he mau pulu hānau, ʻo ka mua i ka puna ma hope koke o ka ala ʻana mai ka hibernation ʻo ka hopena o Malaki-Iune. Kū ka lua o ka wā hānau i ka mua o ke kau. I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, kolo mālie ke kolo i kahi pōʻai, i kekahi manawa e hāpai ana i mua o kona kino. Kū me he mea lā ke ʻimi nei i kekahi.
Ke loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano pēpē, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻolōʻihi i kekahi ma luna o kekahi, haha kekahi i kekahi me nā tentacles, a hoʻopā i ko lākou mau wāwae. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hāʻule nā pulu i ka papahele me kā lākou mau wāwae i kaomi ʻia i loko o ia mokuʻāina, noho lākou me ka neʻe ʻole ma kahi o 15 mau minuke. Ma hope, hoʻomau hou ka pāʻani moena a hiki i ka pili ʻana o kekahi o nā nīnoa i loko o ka genital organ ʻē aʻe. I ka wā o ke kope ʻana, he kāne a wahine hoʻi nā ʻūlū ʻelua. Ma hope o ke kāpili ʻana, hohola nā ʻōpala i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, loaʻa i ka nī nā spermophones, hiki iā ia ke mālama no hoʻokahi makahiki holoʻokoʻa, a ʻike ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua.
No ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu, hana kahi snail i kahi paʻa ma ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi lua 5-10 cm ka hohonu, a ma hope, hoʻopili ʻana i ka lepo, hana i nā paia o ka puʻuhonua. I kekahi manawa ua haku ʻia nā paʻa lima i nā wahi hoʻomalu kūlohelohe, no ka laʻana, kokoke i nā rhizome mea kanu. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, aia nā hua manu ʻehā momi 40 i ka paʻa. He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu no ka hū, a ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā kuhū e make ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā keiki. ʻO ka manawa incubation mau ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO nā kuhū e hatch mai ka hua manu he mau kope liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka makua. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pūpū mālie a aniani me nā wili 1,5 wale nō. I ka lā 10, haʻalele nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio i ko lākou pūnana a hele i waho e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pika hua waina
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ke kākā hua waina
ʻO nā kuhū nā mea pale ʻole i makemake ʻia e nā mea ʻino he nui e ʻahaʻaina.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kīʻaha hua waina:
- nā mea kolo e like me nā nalo, nā lele, nā ʻalekiko, millipedes.
- hedgehogs;
- ʻōʻā;
- ʻiole;
- toads;
- rana;
- nā moʻo;
- manu;
- nā wea a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe he nui.
A hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā pākī huakō e nā ʻano predatory o nā kuhū. ʻŪlū maʻalahi nā Predators i ka pūpū ikaika, a omo hoʻi i ke kāwele mai kona puʻuhonua. Hiki i nā beetle a me nā kolo ke kolo i loko o ka pūpū ma o ka puka hanu e hopu ana iā ia me ke kahaha. A pēpē pū kekahi nā nūnū e nā ʻano ilo liʻiliʻi.
Hiki i nā kuhū ke hoʻopili i nā holoholona a me nā holoholona me nā maʻi parasita i hiki ke ʻai i ke ʻano. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hihiu ʻāhiu, hoʻohana nā kānaka i nā nīno no ka meaʻai. I nā ʻāina he nui, hānai ʻia nā kuhū e ʻai ʻia. ʻOi ka momona o kaʻiʻo o nā kīʻaha hua waina, piha ka nui o nā protein, ka huaʻai B12.
Kūleʻa pū nā nīnaina i nā anuanu, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka puka ʻana i waho o ka hibernation, hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke anuanu, akā no kekahi manawa pōkole, a loaʻa koke ke anu inā ʻaʻole lākou e peʻe i kahi pale i ka manawa. Hoʻohui, ʻaʻole ʻae nā kuhū i ka lā mālamalama; i ka wā o kahi maloʻo e hoʻāʻo lākou e peʻe i ka malu. Hoʻopilikia ka hoʻoneoneo a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka nohona o ka hua waina i nā poʻe o ka hua waina, no ka mea ua hoʻonele ʻia nā kuhū i kā lākou wahi noho maʻamau.
Ke kūlana a me ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻ shi hua waina
Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka loiloi morphological o ka heluna Helene pomatia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina a me ka hema o kā lākou pae, i lawe ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻo E. Senegin. lāua ʻo Artemichuk O.Yu. ʻaʻole makaʻu ka heluna o nā laha i kēia manawa. No ke kālailai ʻana, ua aʻo ʻia ka mokuʻāina ma kahi o iwakālua mau loko wai ʻokoʻa o ka heluna kanaka o ka snail hua waina e ke ʻano o ka protein gel electrophoresis. Wahi a nā ʻike i loaʻa i ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka lehulehu o kēia laha i kēia lā. ʻOiai i nā kūlana urbanization, maikaʻi kēia mau molluscs a hiki ke hana hou. He paʻakikī loa ke alualu i ka heluna kanaka o nā hua waina, no ka mea, ākea ka wahi, a alakaʻi ke kele i kahi nohona malū.
ʻIke wale ia he nui loa ka laha a ʻaʻole pono i kahi pale kūikawā. Hoʻohui ʻia, hānai pinepine ʻia nā nūnū hua waina i nā terrarium a me nā mahiʻai mini kūikawā. Kūʻai ʻia aku kēia mau pōpō manu e like me nā holoholona a ma nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale ʻaina e like me ka meaʻai. No ka mahiʻai, manaʻo ʻia nā pulu hua waina he pests, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā lau o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia a hōʻeha i nā holoholona me nā maʻi parasite weliweli. No laila, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka nui o nā mahiʻai e kāpae i kēia iʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻ .iwi hua waina malie loa, alakaʻi i kahi nohona mālie loa a ana ʻia hoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma kahi o hoʻokahi wahi. He mea kupaianaha nā kīʻaha hua waina i hoihoi loa i ka nānā ʻana. Ke loaʻa nei kēia mau mollusks ma ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke kahaha mau i kā lākou ʻano maʻamau a me nā ʻano maʻamau. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hana maikaʻi nā nīnū, a ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā ʻohana hihiu.
Lā paʻi: 02.08.2019 makahiki
Lā hou: 28.09.2019 ma 11:40
