Axis - kahi lunamakaʻāinana nani loa o ka genus deer (Cervidae). Kū ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kiko keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa i ka huluhulu ʻulaʻula gula o ka holoholona. ʻO ia ka lālā nui loa o ka genus Axis. ʻO Axis kahi ʻano laha o ka dia mai India mai i nā ʻāina he nui. Makemake nui ʻia kāna ʻiʻo. Ke ulu nui nā holoholona, hoʻopili lākou i nā mea kanu kūloko a hoʻoikaika i ka ʻaʻai. Lawe pū kēia mau dia i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i nā vector.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Axis
He mau aʻa paha ko ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Cervidae: Greek axon, Lithuanian ash, a i ʻole Sanskrit akshan. No ka ʻōlelo Hindi ka inoa kaulana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lauoho aniani i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe o ka inoa ʻo ia hoʻi "bright" a i ʻole "spotted". ʻO Axis wale nō ka lālā o ka genus Axis a no ka ʻohana Cervidae (dia). ʻO ka holoholona i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka mea kūlohelohe Kelemania ʻo Johann Erksleben i 1777.
Video: Axis
Wahi a ka hōʻike "Nā ʻanoʻano o nā māmela o ka honua" (2005), 2 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano.
- axis;
- axis axis - ʻĀnia a i ʻole "heluhelu" axis;
- hyelaphus;
- axis calamianensis - axis kalamian a i ʻole "kalamian";
- axis kuhlii - axis baveansky;
- axis porcinus - Bengal axis, a i ʻole "puaʻa" (subspecies: porcinus, annamiticus).
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi DNA Mitochondrial e pili kokoke ana ka Axis porcinus i nā ʻelele o ka genus Cervus ma mua o ka axis axis axis, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o kēia ʻano mai ka ʻano Axis. Ua neʻe ke dia axis mai ka moʻokūʻauhau Rucervus i ka wā mua o Pliocene (ʻelima miliona mau makahiki i hala). Ke hōʻike nei kahi noi i ka makahiki 2002 ʻo Axis Shansius ke kupuna mua loa o Hyelaphus. No laila, ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo ʻia he subgenus o Cervus e kekahi ʻepekema.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ke axis
ʻO Axis kahi dia maʻamau. Hiki i nā kāne ma kahi o 90 cm a me nā wahine 70 cm ma ka poʻohiwi. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 1.7 m. ʻOiai ke kaupaona ʻia nā kāne makua ʻole 30-75 kg, kaupaona nā wahine māmā he 25-45 kg. Hiki i nā kāne makua ke kaupaona 98-110 kg. He 20 knm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo a hōʻailona ʻia e kahi ʻāpana pouli e holo ana i kona lōʻihi. Dimorphic moekolohe ka laha; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a aia nā pepeiaohao i nā kāne wale nō. He kala gula-ʻulaʻula kā ka hulu, uhi paʻa ʻia me nā kiko keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻōpū, kapu, puʻu, loko o nā wāwae, keʻokeʻo nā pepeiao a me ka huelo. ʻO kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e ʻike ʻia e holo ma ka ʻiwi. Ua ulu maikaʻi ʻo Axis i nā gland preorbital (kokoke i nā maka), me nā lauoho ʻoʻoleʻa. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi lākou i nā gates metatarsal a me nā glandal pedal ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope. ʻO nā gland preorbital, ʻoi aku ka nui i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, hāmama i ka pane ʻana i kekahi mau mea hoʻonāukiuki.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā pepeiaohao kihi ʻekolu ma kahi o 1 m ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokahe ʻia lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻIke ʻia nā koʻo e like me nā mea palupalu a paʻakikī hoʻi, e hana ana i nā iwi iwi, ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana a me ka mineralization o nā kīʻaha koko i nā aʻa.
Aia nā mākia ma waena o 4.1 a me 6.1 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku lākou i nā wāwae mua ma mua o nā wāwae hope. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā aniani a me nā kuʻemaka ma mua o nā dia o ka Axis porcinus. ʻO nā Pedicels (ʻo ka iwi nui mai kahi e ala ai nā pepeiaohao) ʻoi aku ka pōkole a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pahu lohe. Hiki ke huikau ʻo Axis me nā dia fallow. ʻOi aku ka pouli a he mau kiko keʻokeʻo kona, ʻoiai he nui nā kiko keʻokeʻo o ka dia. Aia kahi axis keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻoiai keokeo loa ka ʻāʻī o ka dia fallow. Maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka lauoho. Heleʻeleʻele nā kāne a loaʻa nā māka ʻeleʻele i ko lākou alo. ʻIke ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo i nā kāne ʻelua a lōʻihi i nā lālani i ke ola o ka holoholona.
Ma hea e noho ai nā koʻi?
Kiʻi: wahine wahine Axis
Ua loaʻa ka mōʻaukala Axis ma India a me Ceylon. Aia kona wahi noho mai 8 a 30 ° latitude ʻākau ma India, a laila hele ma waena o Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh a me Sri Lanka. I ke komohana, hiki ka palena o kona laulā i Rajasthan hikina a me Gujarat. ʻO ka palena ʻākau e holo ana ma ke kāʻei o Bhabar Terai ma nā kapakai o ka Himalayas, mai Uttar Pradesh a me Uttaranchal a hiki i Nepal, ʻĀkau Komohana Komohana a me Sikkim, a laila ma ke komohana ʻo Assam a me nā awāwa ulu lāʻau o Bhutan, aia ma lalo o ka m meta kai.
ʻO ka palena hikina o kona pae mai ka Assam komohana a hiki i West Bengal (India) a me Bangladesh. ʻO Sri Lanka ka palena hema. ʻIke ʻia nā axis ma nā wahi ululāʻau i ke koena o ka Penikala India. Ma loko o Bangladesh, aia wale nō ia ma Sundarbana a me kekahi mau wahi eco e waiho ana a puni ke kai kūʻono o Bengal. Ua lilo ia i wahi ma ka waena a me ka ʻākau hikina o ka ʻāina.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Axis i:
- Alekina;
- Alemenia;
- Nuhōlani,
- Palakila;
- Koloatia;
- Ukelena;
- Molodowa;
- Pāpua Nūkini;
- Pakitana;
- Ulukuae;
- USA.
I ko lākou homeland, noho kēia mau dia i nā wahi hānai a ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻole e neʻe i nā wahi o ka ululāʻau paʻa e loaʻa kokoke iā lākou. ʻO nā wahi hānai pōkole kahi mea nui na lākou no ka nele o kahi e hoʻomoe ai no nā mea ʻino e like me ka Tiga. ʻO nā ululāʻau muliwai ma Bardia National Park ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o Nepal e hoʻohana ākea ʻia e Axis no ka hoʻomalu ʻana a me kahi malu i ka wā maloʻo. Hāʻawi ka ulu lāʻau i ka meaʻai maikaʻi no nā hua i hāʻule a me nā lau me kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā meaʻai e pono ai no ka holoholona. No laila, no kahi nohona kūpono, pono nā ʻāpana i nā wahi ākea, a me nā ulu lāʻau hoʻi i loko o ko lākou wahi noho.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai nā dia axis. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ke axis?
Kiʻi: Deer Axis
ʻO nā huahana meaʻai nui i hoʻohana ʻia e kēia dia i loko o ka makahiki he mauʻu, a me nā pua a me nā hua e hāʻule mai nā kumu ulu lāʻau. I ka wā o ka ua, ʻo ka mauʻu a me ka sedge i ka nahele kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka meaʻai. ʻO kekahi kumuwaiwai he kumulāʻau, ka mea waiwai i ka protein a me nā meaola a loaʻa pū i loko o nā ululāʻau. Makemake lākou i nā ʻōpio, inā ʻaʻole lākou e makemake ka holoholona e ʻai i nā piko ʻōpio o nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a ʻoʻoleʻa.
ʻO nā kūlana Climatic ka hapa nui o ka ʻai a ka dia. I ka hoʻoilo - ʻOkakopa a Ianuali, ke kiʻekiʻe a lōʻihi a hoʻomaloʻo paha nā mea kanu a ʻaʻole ono hou, ʻono nā meaʻai i nā lāʻau a me nā lau o nā kumu liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā lāhui Flemingia no nā papa hoʻoilo. ʻO nā huaʻai i ʻai ʻia e Axis ma Kanha National Park (India) e komo pū ana me ficus mai Ianuali a Mei, mucous cordia mai Mei a Iune, a me Jambolan a me Yambolan mai Iune a Iulai. Kūleʻa ka dia a hui mālie.
Hāmau ʻo Axis ke hānai pū. Kū pinepine nā kāne ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope e hiki i nā lālā kiʻekiʻe. Kipa ʻia nā waihona wai kokoke ʻelua manawa o ka lā, me ka mālama nui. I Kanha National Park, he holoholona i huki i nā paʻakai mineral e waiwai ana i ka calcium pentoxide a me ka phosphorus me kona mau niho. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka dia ma Sunderbany, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā koena o nā pāpaʻi ʻulaʻula i ko lākou ʻōpū.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Axis
Ke hana nei nā Axis i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. I ke kauwela hoʻolilo lākou i ka manawa i ka malu, a pale ʻia nā kukuna o ka lā ke piʻi ka mahana i 27 ° C. Kū ka piko o ka hana i ke kokoke ʻana o ka ʻauinalā. Ke hele a anuanu nā lā, hoʻomaka ka ʻai ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka lā a piʻi i luna i ke kakahiaka. Lohi ka hana i ke awakea, ke hoʻomaha a holoholona paha nā holoholona. Hoʻomau hou ka hānai ʻana i ka hopena o ka lā a hoʻomau a hiki i ke aumoe. Hiamoe lākou i kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka lā, maʻamau i kahi nahele maʻalili. Hele kēia mau dia ma kahi like ma kekahi mau ala.
ʻIke ʻia nā axis i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā pā bipi, kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou makahiki a me ka moekolohe. Aia nā kahu bipi Matriarchal i nā wahine makua a me kā lākou mau keiki mai ka makahiki e kū nei a me ka makahiki i hala. Hahai nā kāne hana kolohe i kēia mau pūʻulu i ka wā o ka moena, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne kāne ʻoi iki ka hana ʻana i nā pua o nā bachelors. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā pipi i maʻa mau ʻia ua kapa ʻia nā kahu hānai, kahi e hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā wahine me nā keiki bipi ʻōpio a hiki i ka 8 mau pule.
Komo nā kāne i kahi ʻōnaehana hierarchical-based hierarchical kahi e hoʻomalu ai nā kāne kāne nui a nui hoʻi i nā kāne ʻōpio a liʻiliʻi. ʻEhā mau hōʻike ʻano hakakā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne. Hana pū nā wahine i ka hana kolohe, akā pili kēia i ka nui o ka nui i nā wahi hānai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Axis Cub
Hū nā kāne i ka wā o ka male ʻana, a lilo ia i hōʻailona maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Axis i ʻApelila a Mei paha a loaʻa kahi manawa hānau ma kahi o 7.5 mau mahina. Hānau lākou i ʻelua mau fawn, akā ʻaʻole maʻa mau hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau pēpē. Hana ʻia nā hāpai mua ma waena o nā makahiki o 14 a me 17 mau mahina. Hoʻomau ka wahine i ka hānai hānai a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i ka manu ʻoi ke holoholo palekana i ka ohana.
Hana ʻia ka hana hānau i loko o ka makahiki me nā piko e ʻokoʻa i ka honua. Hana ʻia ka sperm i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai e hāʻule nā pae testosterone i ka ulu ʻana o ka pepeiaohao. Loaʻa i nā wahine nā pōʻaiapuni o ka estrus, kēlā me kēia pule ʻekolu mau pule. Hiki iā ia ke hāpai hou i ʻelua pule a i ʻehā mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO nā kāne me nā pepeiaohao paʻakikī e hoʻomalu i ka vevety a i ʻole ka pepeiaohao, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou nui.
Hūnā ʻia ke keiki hānau hou no hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā dia ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ikaika ka pilina ma waena o ka makuahine a me ka fawn no ka mea ua kaʻawale pinepine lākou, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hui maʻalahi ʻoiai pili kokoke nā pipi. Inā make ka fawn, hiki i ka makuahine ke hānau hou e hānau i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki. Hoʻomau nā kāne i ko lākou ulu ʻana a ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma ka noho pio ʻana ma kahi o 22 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i ka nahelehele, ʻelima a ʻumi mau makahiki wale nō ke ola.
Loaʻa ʻo Axis i nā helu he nui i loko o nā ululāʻau deciduous a semi-grained paha a me nā wahi ākea ākea. Loaʻa ka helu axis nui loa ma nā ulu lāʻau o India, kahi e hānai ai lākou i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā laʻalāʻau. Ua loaʻa kahi Axis ma ka Fibsoo Nature Reserve ma Bhutan, kahi home o ka nahele kūlohelohe o ka ʻāina (Shorea robusta). ʻAʻole lākou i loaʻa ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, kahi i panai pinepine ʻia e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ke dia Sambar.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka Axis
Kiʻi: Deer Axis
Ke kū ke axis me kahi kūlana weliweli, nānā pono ʻo ia i nā wahi a puni, ke anuanu me ka hoʻolohe ʻole. Hiki i kēia kūlana ke ʻae ʻia e ka ohana holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano he ana pale, holo aku ke axis i nā hui (ʻokoʻa ka dia puaʻa, e hoʻopuehu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa i ka pū waikaua). Hele pū ka pana me ka hūnā ʻana i ka ulu nui. I nā Askis e holo nei, hāpai ʻia ka huelo, e hōʻike ana i ke kino keʻokeʻo o lalo. Hiki i kēia dia ke lele ma luna o nā pā a i 1.5 m, akā makemake ʻo ia e luʻu ma lalo o lākou. Aia mau ʻo ia i loko o 300 mau mika o ka uhi.
Loaʻa i nā predators o nā dia axis:
- ʻīlio hihiu (Canis lupus);
- Liona Asiatic (P. leo persica);
- leopadi (P. pardus);
- tiger pythons (P. molurus);
- nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula (Cuon alpinus);
- rajapalayam (polygar greyhound);
- crocodiles (Crocodilia).
ʻAlio nui nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae i nā dia ʻōpio ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a me nā dia ʻōpio. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, hoʻopuka ke axis i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona. ʻO kā lākou arsenal kani e like me nā leo i hana ʻia e ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika ʻAkau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ikaika kona mau kāhea e like me nā ʻelima a i ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia mau beepʻoi a me nā kaniʻu o ka leo. ʻO nā kāne kūpale e kiaʻi nei i nā wahine i ka estrus e hana i nā kani sonic kiʻekiʻe i nā kāne nāwaliwali.
E ʻū paha nā kāne i ka wā hōʻike kolohe a i ka wā hoʻomaha paha. ʻO Axis, ka hapanui o nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio, hana mau i nā leo hae ke makaʻu a i ke alo paha me kahi mea ʻino. ʻ s ʻū pinepine ʻo Fawns i ka ʻimi ʻana i ko lākou makuahine. Hiki i ka Axis ke pane i nā leo weliweli o kekahi mau holoholona, e like me ka myna maʻamau a me ka mōʻī lahilahi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Axis
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Axis ma ke ʻano he makaʻu liʻiliʻi loa na ka IUCN, "no ka mea aia ia i kahi ākea ākea o nā wahi me nā heluna nui." ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia manawa i nā pūʻā nui e noho ana i nā wahi pale he nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu ma nā wahi he nui ma lalo o ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaiaola no ka hopu holoholona a me ka hoʻokūkū me nā holoholona. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻiʻo dia ka mea i hōʻemi nui i ka helu o nā kānaka a me nā make ma ka pae kūloko.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Pale ʻia kēia dia ma lalo o ka Papa Helu III o ke Kānāwai Kuleana Meaola Lāhui o ʻInia (1972) a me ke Kānāwai Lāʻau Puʻuloa (Mālama) (Hoʻololi) kānāwai 1974 o Bangladesh. ʻO nā kumu nui ʻelua no kona kūlana mālama maikaʻi ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ke kānāwai ma ke ʻano he lāhui a me ka pūnaewele o nā wahi i pale ʻia.
Axis Ua hoʻolauna ʻia i nā mokupuni ʻo Andaman, Australia, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, ka Point Reyes National Coast ma Kaleponi, Texas, Florida, Misisipi, Alabama a me Hawaii ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Great Brijun ma ka pae moku Brijuni ma Croatia. Hana maikaʻi ke dia axis i ka noho pio ʻana a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā zoo he nui i ka honua, a holoholo manuahi kekahi poʻe i nā wahi pale ʻole ʻia.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/01/2019
Lā hou: 01.08.2019 ma 9:12
