Manu nunu ohua - he hōʻino mau loa i ke kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia laha, no ka nui o ka nui, hiki ke luku ʻia. I kēia manawa ua ʻike hou ʻia e pili ana i ka poʻe auwana ma mua o ko lākou wā e ola ana, akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia ʻike a hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā holoholona i hoʻopihapiha ʻia, nā iwi, nā memo a me nā kiʻi o nā mea ʻike maka. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka ʻike mai ka noiʻi genetic.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: nūnū holoholo
ʻO ka nūnū e holoholo (Ectopistes migratorius) ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o nā genotics monopypic Ectopistes mai ka ʻohana o nā nūnū. ʻO ka inoa Lākina i hāʻawi ʻia e Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758 e hōʻike ana i kona ʻano a ma ka unuhi ʻana he "neʻe hele wanderer" a i ʻole "nomad".
He hopena ia no ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻike genetics, ʻo kona mau pili pili loa e ola nei mai ka genus Patagioenas i loaʻa wale i ka New World. ʻO nā ʻohana mamao a me nā lāhui like ʻole o nā lunamaka o nā nūnū maoli a me nā manu nūnū cuckoo e noho ana ma ka hikina hema o ʻAsia.
Video: ʻO Pigeon Wandering
Wahi a kekahi pūʻulu noiʻi, mai ʻaneʻi i hele ai nā kūpuna o ka nūnū hele hewa e ʻimi i nā ʻāina hou, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina Berengi, a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Moana Pākīpika. Hōʻike nā mōʻalihaku i ka noho ʻana o nā laha i nā mokuʻāina like ʻole o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahi o 100,000 mau makahiki i hala.
Wahi a nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka pilina ʻohana me nā nūnū Asia Hikina. Pono e ʻimi i nā kūpuna o nā nūnū o ka Honua Hou ma nā Neotropics, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻāina biogeographic e hoʻohui nei iā ʻAmelika Hema a me Central a me nā mokupuni e pili ana. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokō lāua ʻelua i nā loiloi kūlohelohe i nā mea hale hōʻikeʻike a ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka nūnū holoholo
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka mea auwana i nā lele wikiwiki loa, ʻo nā mea āpau i ke ʻano o kona kino e hōʻike ana i kēia: kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, nā contour kiʻi streamlines, nā ʻēheu lōʻihi lōʻihi a me kahi huelo i ʻoi aku i ka hapa o ke kino. ʻElua mau hulu lōʻihi keu i waenakonu o ka huelo e hoʻokūpaʻa i ke ʻano elongated o kēia manu, ʻoi aku no ka lele.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano e ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi kāne kāne makua ma kahi o 40 cm, ke kaumaha a hiki i 340 g. ʻO ka ʻēheu o ke kāne 196 - 215 mm ka lōʻihi, ka huelo - 175 - 210 mm. Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia ke kala e nā holoholona mea huna lepo a me nā kiʻi i hana ʻia mai iā lākou a i ʻole mai ka hoʻomanaʻo. Hoʻokahi wale nō mea ʻike ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻia nona nā nūnū ola i kau ʻia - Charles Knight.
Hulu hulu hinuhinu o ke poʻo i lilo i poʻe iridescent ma ka ʻāʻī, e like me kā mākou sisar. Ke kaukaʻi ʻia, hoʻomālamalama lākou i ka poni, ke keleawe, ke gula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hina-hina me kahi ʻōlani ʻoliva ma ke kua e kahe mālie i nā uhi ʻelua. Ua hoʻopau kekahi mau uhi i kahi wahi pouli, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻeheu i kahi ʻano.
ʻO nā hulu lele o ke kauoha mua he ʻokoʻa keu a ʻo nā hulu huelo waena ʻelua ke ʻano like. ʻO ke koena o ka hulu hulu keʻokeʻo a hōʻemi pōkole ʻia mai ke kikowaena a i kona mau ʻaoʻao. Ke hoʻoholo nei i nā kiʻi, ʻoi aku ka huelo o kēia nūnū i manu o paradaiso. ʻO ke kala ʻāpricot o ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, e hele mālie a lilo i keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū a paʻa. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kiʻi me ka nuku ʻeleʻele, nā maka ʻulaʻula a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka wahine, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 cm, a nānā i ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui ma muli o ke kala brownish-hina hina o ka umauma a me ka puʻu. Ua ʻike ʻia ia e nā ʻēheu hou aʻe, nā hulu lele me ka palena ʻulaʻula ma waho, kahi huelo pōkole, a me ke apo bluish (ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula) a puni ka maka. ʻO nā ʻōpio, i ka laulā, like me nā wahine makua, ʻokoʻa i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka overflow ma ka ʻāʻī, ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ke poʻo a me ka umauma. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa wahine i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
Ma hea i noho ai ka nūnū auwana?
Kiʻi: manu nūnū holoholo
I ka wā hope loa o ka noho ʻana o nā laha, ua kūlike ka laulā o ka nūnū holoholo me ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ululāʻau deciduous e noho ana ma nā wahi waena a me ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hema mai ka hema o Kanada a Mexico. Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻole ʻia nā ʻohana manu nūnū: ua neʻe ka hapanui i ka ʻāina āpau e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, a noho kūpaʻa wale no ka wā hānau.
Ua kaupalena ʻia nā pūnaewele ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wisconsin, Michigan, Nu Ioka ma ka ʻākau, a ʻo Kentucky a me Pennsylvania ma ka hema. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻohana hipa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kaulahao o nā kuahiwi pōhaku, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā ululāʻau komohana i hoʻolilo ʻia e ka poʻe ʻaʻa e hakakā ana - nā nūnū huelo huelo. I nā hoʻoilo anuanu, hiki i nā nūnū holoholo ke lele mamao i ka hema: i Cuba a me Bermuda.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o kēia mau nūnū kūpaʻa loa ia, e hoʻokolokolo ana e nā holoholona mea momona. Ma waena o nā haneli he nui, ua loaʻa hoʻokahi atypical. ʻO ka wahine mai ka Mōʻaukala Mōʻaukala Kūlohelohe ma Thring (ʻEnelani) he brownish luna, keʻokeʻo lalo, keʻokeʻo ʻepekema hulu lele. Aia kahi kānalua he maʻalahi ka scarecrow i ka lā no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.
Ua noi nā hipa nui i nā panalāʻau kūpono no ka hoʻonoho ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā koho kaiaola i nā wā nomadic a me nā wā punana e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hale noho a me nā kumuwaiwai. ʻO ia mau ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou me nā lāʻau ʻoka nui a beech, a me nā wahi noho - nā māla me nā mea kanu palaoa pala.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi i noho ai ka nūnū auwana. E nānā kāua i ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nūnū ʻauana?
Kiʻi: nūhou hele hewa
ʻO ka papa moa nā mea i hilinaʻi ʻia i ke kau a hoʻoholo ʻia e nā meaʻai i lilo i mea nui.
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻo nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi (nā ilo, nā kuhukukū, nā ʻenuhe) a me nā hua palupalu o nā lāʻau nahele a me nā mauʻu i lawelawe i nā meaʻai nui:
- irgi;
- cherry manu a lohi a me Pennsylvania;
- pulu ʻulaʻula;
- deren Kanada;
- hua waina muliwai;
- nā ʻano kūloko o nā blueberry;
- nā raspberry komohana a me nā blackberry;
- lakonos.
I ka hāʻule ʻana, i ka pala ʻana o nā hua a me nā acorn, ua hele aku nā nūnū i ka ʻimi. Kūleʻa ʻole nā hōʻiliʻili waiwai a ma nā wahi like ʻole, no laila mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki ua hui ka nūnū i nā ululāʻau, hoʻololi i nā ala a kū i nā kumu waiwai he nui. Ua lele paha lākou me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, a hoʻouna paha i nā manu pākahi no ka mākaʻikaʻi, i lele i ke ao ma luna o ka ʻāina, neʻe aku i kahi mamao a 130, a i ʻole 160 km mai kahi o ka noho pō.
ʻO ke kumu, ua hele ka meaʻai:
- acorns o 4 ʻano ʻoka, keʻokeʻo ka hapanui, ʻoi aku ka palahalaha i kēlā mau lā;
- hua nut
- nā hua o ka chestnut niho, ʻaʻole i luku ʻia e ka maʻi ahulau o kahi maʻi fungal i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20 kenekulia;
- liona liona o nā maples a me nā kumu lehu;
- mahiʻai cereals, buckwheat, kulina.
Ua hānai lākou i kēia ma ka hoʻoilo a hānai i nā moa i ka puna, e hoʻohana ana i ka mea i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e ulu. Ua ʻeli nā manu i nā meaʻai i waena o nā lau make a me ka hau, i huki ʻia mai nā kumulāʻau, a hiki i nā ʻāke ke ale i ka mahalo piha i ka puʻu hoʻonui a me ka hiki ke wehe ākea i ko lākou nuku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka goiter o ka mea auwana e kāna kūlana kūikawā. Ua koho ʻia hiki i nā nati 28 a i ʻole 17 acorns ke komo i loko; i kēlā me kēia lā, komo ka manu i 100 g mau ʻākala. Ua ale koke, ua noho nā manu nūnū i lalo i nā kumulāʻau a ua hana wikiwiki ʻole i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: nūnū holoholo
ʻO nā manu nūnū holoholo he manu nomadic. I nā manawa āpau, kūʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, lele lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai mai kahi a kahi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, neʻe lākou i ka hema o ka pae. ʻO ka nui o nā manu i helu ʻia he mau piliona manu a nānā aku e like me nā lipine wriggling a i 500 km ka lōʻihi a 1.5 km ākea. Me he mea lā i ka poʻe nānā ʻaʻohe o lākou hopena. Ua loli ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lele mai 1 a 400 m, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ikaika o ka makani. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka nūnū mākua ma ia mau lele ʻana ma kahi o 100 km / h.
I ka lele ʻana, ua hana ka manu nūnū i nā pale ākea a pōkole hoʻi o kona mau ʻeheu, a ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma mua o ka pae ʻana. A inā he dexterous a maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka lewa i loko o kahi ululāʻau nui, a laila hele ʻo ia ma ka honua me nā ʻanuʻu pōkole weliweli. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke alo o ka ʻeke no mau mile he nui. Uwa nui nā manu, ʻāʻī, uō ʻole. Ua koi ʻia kēia e kēia kūlana - i ka lehulehu lehulehu, ua hoʻāʻo kēlā me kēia e hoʻōho i kekahi i kekahi. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe hakakā - i nā hanana hakakā, ʻoluʻolu nā manu me ka hoʻoweliweli i kekahi i kekahi me nā ʻeheu hohola a me ka diverging.
ʻIke hoihoi: Aia nā moʻolelo o nā kāhea nūnū i hana ʻia e ka ornithologist ʻAmelika ʻo Wallis Craig i ka makahiki 1911. Ua hoʻopaʻa ka ʻepekema i nā ʻelele hope loa o ka laha e noho pio ana. ʻO nā leo ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻōhumu e lawelawe ai i ka nānā, ke kāhea ʻana i ka male ʻana, ua hana ʻia kahi mele kūikawā e kahi manu nūnū ma ka pūnana.
No ka noho pō ʻana, ua koho ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi nui. Hiki i nā ʻohana hipa nui ke noho a hiki i ka 26,000 hectares, ʻoiai e noho ana nā manu i kahi kūlana weliweli loa, kaomi ʻana kekahi i kekahi. Ua pili ka manawa noho i nā lako meaʻai, ke aniau, nā kūlana. Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā wahi kaʻa mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ke ola o nā nūnū manuahi. Hiki iā lākou ke noho pio ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka lunamakaʻāinana loa loa o ka laha, ʻo Martha ka manu nūnū, i noho no 29 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nūnū nūhou i nalowale
No ka poʻe auwana, ke ʻano o ka pūnana pūnana. Mai ka hoʻomaka o Malaki, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻohana e hōʻuluʻulu i nā wahi pūnana. I ka hopena o ka mahina, ua ala mai nā kolone nui. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hope loa i ʻike ʻia ma 1871 i ka nahele ʻo Wisconsin, noho ʻia he 220,000 hectares, ua noho ʻo 136 miliona mau kānaka i laila a no laila aia ka awelika ma kahi o 500 mau pūnana no kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Akā maʻamau ka palena o nā kolone i kahi o 50 i hoʻokahi tausani heka. Ua hala ka pūnana mai hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau mahina.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka noho aloha ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine i hānau mua ʻia. Ua hana ʻia i loko o ke poʻo o nā lālā a komo pū me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka wehe ʻana o ka hiʻu a me nā ʻēheu e huki ai ke kāne ma luna o ka ʻili. Ua pau ka hana maʻamau me ka honi ʻana o ka wahine i ke kāne, e like me ka sisari. ʻAʻole maopopo ia ehia mau manawa a lākou i hoʻoulu ai i nā moa i kēlā me kēia kau. ʻO ka hapanui paha hoʻokahi wale nō. No kekahi mau lā, kūkulu ka poʻe male hou i kahi pūnana mai nā lālā i ke ʻano o kahi pola papau ma kahi o 15 cm ke anawaena. ʻO ka hua manu hoʻokahi, keʻokeʻo, 40 x 34 mm. Hoʻokomo nā mākua ʻelua iā ia i ka huli, hake ka moa i 12 - 14 mau lā.
ʻO ke keiki he keiki maʻamau ia o nā manu pūnana, hānau makapō a kōkua ʻole, ma ka mua ua hānai ʻo ia i ka waiū o kona mau mākua. Ma hope o 3 - 6 mau lā ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo ia i nā meaʻai a nā mākua, a ma hope o 13 - 15 ua oki lākou i ka hānai ʻana a pau. ʻO ka hulu, ua hulu piha, ua loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻokahi mahina ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, inā ua hiki iā ia ke ola, ke kūkulu nei ke ʻōpio i ka pūnana nona iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka nūnū holoholo
Kiʻi: manu nūnū holoholo
ʻO nā manu nūnū, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano a lākou, he mau ʻenemi he nui. ʻO Dove kahi manu nui, ʻono a pale ʻole ʻia.
Ma ka honua a me nā kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau, ua ʻimi ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻaihue o nā nui a me nā ʻauhau ʻokoʻa.
- puʻuwai nosy (mink ʻAmelika, marten, weasel huelo lōʻihi;
- gargle raccoon;
- lynx ʻulaʻula;
- ʻīlio hae ʻalopeke;
- bea ʻeleʻele;
- cougar.
ʻO nā kekika i hopu ʻia i nā pūnana a i ka wā lele he palupalu loa ia. Ua alualu ʻia nā manu makua i ka lewa e nā aeto, nā ʻalalā a me nā ʻio, nā pueo i ka pō. Loaʻa ma nā nūnū auwana a me nā parasite - posthumous, ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kēia kekahi mau ʻano lice i manaʻo ʻia ua make i waho me kā lākou mea hoʻokipa. Akā laila ua loaʻa kekahi o lākou ma kekahi ʻano manu nūnū ʻē aʻe. He hōʻoluʻolu iki kēia.
ʻO ka ʻenemi weliweli loa i lilo i kanaka no ka poʻe hele malihini e ʻaiʻē i ko lākou nalo ʻana. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi nā India i nā nūnū no ka meaʻai, akā me kā lākou ʻano hana hānai mua, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui iā lākou. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ululāʻau ʻAmelika e nā poʻe ʻEulopa, ʻo ka ʻimi manu nūnū i lawe i kahi pālākiō nui. Pepehi kanaka ʻia lākou ʻaʻole wale no ka meaʻai wale nō, akā no ka pono o kahi hulu a me ka haʻuki haʻuki, no ka hānai puaʻa, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - no ke kūʻai aku. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano hānai he nui, akā hoʻolapalapa lākou a pau i hoʻokahi mea: "Pehea e hopu ai a make hou ai paha."
ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā nūnū 3,500 ke lele i loko o nā pūnaewele tunnel kūikawā i ka manawa. No ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻōpio a ʻo nā manu ʻono hoʻi, ua luku lākou i nā wahi pūnana, keʻoki ʻana a me nā kumu lāʻau e ʻā ana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua luku wale ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he pest pest. ʻO ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana i nā wahi i kūnana i hōʻino ʻia i nā nūnū.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka nūnū holoholo
Pau ke kūlana o nā laha. ʻO ka nūnū holoholo ka manu nui loa ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau. ʻAʻole kū mau ka helu o nā laha a loli loa i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hua o nā ʻanoʻano a me nā hua, nā ʻano pae. I kona wā hauʻoli, ua hōʻea i 3 - 5 biliona.
Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka luku ʻia e ka moʻolelo moʻolelo o nā makahiki hope o ke ola o nā laha.
- 1850s. Ke hele a lahilahi nei ka nūnū ma nā moku hikina, ʻoiai ke helu nei ka heluna kanaka i miliona. ʻO kahi hōʻike i kahi ʻimi barbaric e hana i kahi ʻōlelo wānana i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, e noho wale nā nūnū i nā hale hōʻikeʻike. I ka 1857. kahi bila hoʻomalu manu i hāpai ʻia ma Ohio, akā hōʻole ʻia;
- 1870s. ʻO kahi hāʻule ʻike i nā helu. ʻO nā pūnaewele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea nui i koe wale ma ka Lakes Nui. Kūʻē nā Conservationists i ka haʻuki i nā haʻuki;
- 1878 ʻO ke kahua pūnana nui hope loa kokoke i Petoskey (Michigan) ua luku ʻōnaehana ʻia no ʻelima mau mahina: 50,000 manu i kēlā me kēia lā. Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā hoʻouka kaua e pale aku i ka mea ʻauwana;
- 1880s. Ua heleleʻi nā pūnana. Haʻalele nā manu i ko lākou pūnana inā pilikia;
- 1897 hala nā bila hopu holoholona ʻo Michigan a me Pennsylvania;
- 1890s. I nā makahiki mua o ke anahulu, ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi. Hoʻomau ka pepehi kanaka. Ma ka waenakonu o ka manawa, nalo kūpono i nā nūnū i ke kūlohelohe. Ke hōʻike ʻia nei nā hōʻike kaʻawale o ka hui ʻana me lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20;
- 1910 Ma ka Zoo Cincinnati, ke ola nei ka lālā hope loa o ka laha, ʻo Mareta ka Lupe;
- 1914, Sepatemaba 1, 1 p. e ka manawa kūloko. Ua pau ka noho ʻana o ka manu nūnū holoholo.
Mea hoihoi: he wahi kia hoʻomanaʻo ko Marta, a ʻo kona puʻuhonua hope loa ma Cincinnati, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Memorial Cabin of the Wandering Pigeon", he kūlana kona o kekahi kia hoʻomanaʻo mōʻaukala ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Aia kāna kiʻi e Charles Knight i kona wā e ola ana. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā kiʻi, nā puke, nā mele a me nā mele iā ia, me nā mea i kākau ʻia i ke kenekulia o kona make ʻana.
I loko o ka International Red Book a me IUCN Red List o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nūnū helehelena he ʻano luku. No nā hana palekana i helu ʻia, hoʻokahi pane ʻo No. ʻO kēia ke kumu ua pau ʻo ia a mau loa? ʻO ka cloning e hoʻohana ana i ka genome mai nā holoholona i hoʻopihapiha ʻia a me nā koena olaola i kēia hihia hiki ʻole ma muli o ka luku ʻia o nā chromosome i ka wā e waiho ai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻo ka American genistist George Church i kahi manaʻo hou: e kūkulu hou i ka genome mai nā ʻāpana a hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o nā hunaola o sisars. Pēlā lākou e hānau ai a hānai ai i ka "phoenix" hānau hou. Akā aia kēia mau mea āpau i ka pae theoretical.
Manu nunu ohua 'ōlelo mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ke ʻano barbaric o ke kanaka i kāna mau hoa. Akā ʻo nā kumu o ka luku ʻia o kahi laha pinepine moe i nā peculiarities o kāna biology. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hōʻike hewa ka poʻe auwana i ka hanauna maikaʻi ʻole, ka ikaika o ka moa maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka maʻalahi i ka maʻi. Inā he ʻano kēia o nā nūnū hihiu, a laila maopopo leʻa he helu kupaianaha wale nō i hoʻopakele iā lākou. Hiki i ka luku nui ʻana ke hōʻemi i nā helu ma lalo o kahi pae koʻikoʻi, a ma hope iho ua lilo i ke kaʻina o ka luku ʻia i mea hou ʻole.
Lā paʻi: 07/30/2019
Lā hou: 07/30/2019 ma 23:38
