Manuā Kepani ua ʻike ʻia i nā kamaliʻi a me nā mākua mai ka wā kahiko. Nui nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao e pili ana iā ia. ʻO ke kiʻi o kēia manu e ʻumeʻume mau i ka nānā a me ka hoihoi o ka poʻe ma muli o kona lokomaikaʻi, nani a me ke ʻano o ke ola. ʻO ke kani maʻamau a ka manuā Kepani, ka mea i loli i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana. Hiki i nā manu ke mele lōkahi, kahi maʻa mau no nā kāne male a hōʻike i ke koho pololei o kahi hoa, a me ka ʻuā nui ʻana a me ka weliweli inā pilikia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: puaʻa Kepanī
ʻO ka manuā Kepani (Grus japonensis) he ʻelua mau inoa hou - ka Manchurian crane, ka manuahi Ussuri. He manu kēia mai ka ʻohana Cranes e noho nei ma Iapana a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻO ka manuahi Kepani kahi manu nui a ikaika hoʻi, a hiki i 1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe, a 2.5 m i ka ʻēheu a kaupaona a 10 kg.
Video: ʻO ka manuahi Kepani
Keʻokeʻo ka plumage o nā crane. ʻEleʻele nā hulu o ka ʻāʻī. Ma nā ʻeheu he nui nā hulu ʻeleʻele e hoʻohālikelike me ka plumage keʻokeʻo. He wīwī nā wāwae o ka moʻo Kepani, kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia no ka neʻe ʻana i nā poho a me ka lepo.
Mea hoihoi: Ma ke poʻo o nā mākua, aia kekahi ʻano o ka pāpale - kahi wahi liʻiliʻi me ka hulu ʻole me ka ʻulaʻula, a lilo i maroon i ka hoʻoilo a i ka wā o nā lele.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ʻo kēia kahi e pau ai nā ʻokoʻa āpau ma waena o lākou. Uhi ʻia nā chicks o nā crane Kepani me ka lahilahi a me ka pōʻeleʻele i lalo. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka lalo o nā ʻeheu. Hoʻomaka ka molting i nā holoholona ʻōpio i ʻAukake a mau ka makahiki.
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōpio makua o kēia mau manu i ʻokoʻa mai nā mākua. ʻO kahi laʻana, uhi ʻia ke poʻo holoʻokoʻa o ka moa me ka hulu, a ʻo ke koena o ka plumage he kala ʻulaʻula-ʻalani. ʻO ka māmā o ka plumage o ka crane Kepani, ʻoi aku ka mākua.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manuā Kepani
ʻO ka manuahi Kepani kekahi o nā mea nui loa i kona ʻohana. He manu nui, ikaika a maikaʻi loa kēia, hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika kona lōʻihi. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o ka manuā Kepani mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe kona plumage keʻokeʻo hau me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i kekahi manawa ma kona poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻeheu.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe mai nā maka a i ke kua o ke poʻo a ʻoi aku ma ka ʻāʻī kahi kaula keʻokeʻo ākea ākea, i ka ʻokoʻa ākea i nā hulu ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻeleʻele keleʻele o nā maka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā crane Kepanī ka mea maʻemaʻe ma waena o nā manu, ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi i ko lākou manawa kaʻawale āpau i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou iho a me kā lākou plumage.
Lahilahi nā wāwae o nā manu ʻā, kiʻekiʻe, me ka ʻili hina hina. ʻAʻole hōʻike iki ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia mau manu - ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine wale nō i nā nui nui.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻōpio ʻōpio Kepani i waho o nā mākua. I ka manawa koke ma hope o ka hatching, uhi ʻia nā moa me ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula i lalo, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki (ma hope o ka molt mua) kā lākou plumage he hui o nā kala ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me keʻokeʻo. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua like nā ʻano manu ʻōpio i nā hiʻohiʻona me nā manuahi makua, akā uhi ʻia ko lākou poʻo i ka hulu.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai ka manu ʻā Kepani?
Kiʻi: ʻO ka manuahi Kepani i Lūkia
ʻO ka laulā o nā manu i kapa ʻia nā crane Kepanī e uhi iā Kina, Iapana a me nā panalāʻau Hikina hikina o Rūsia. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, noho nā crane Kepani i kahi o 84 tausani kilomika kilomika.
Ma muli o nā nānā wā lōʻihi, hoʻokaʻawale nā ornithologists i nā hui ʻelua o nā heluna manu Kepani.
- mokupuni;
- ʻāina nui.
Noho ka lehulehu o nā manu i ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril (Russia) a me ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido (Iapana). Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau wahi e kahi aniau milder, kahi nui o nā meaʻai, no laila ke noho mau nei nā manu ʻaneʻi a mai lele lele i kahi o ka hoʻoilo.
Noho ka heluna nui o nā crane i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Lūkia, ma Kina (nā wahi e pili ana iā Mongolia). Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, neʻe nā manu e noho ana ma aneʻi i ka ʻaoʻao waena o ke Kōlea Kōlea a i ʻole ka hema o Kina, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna e hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mau wahi pūnana.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻo nā crane Kepanī, e noho nei ma kahi mālama ʻāina ma Zhalong (Kina), ua manaʻo ʻia he heluna kanaka ʻokoʻa. Mahalo i ke kūlana pale o ka ʻāina, ua hana ʻia nā kūlana ʻoi loa no lākou.
Ma muli o ka ʻae ʻole o kēia mau manu i ke alo kanaka o ke kanaka, koho lākou i nā lau nahele, nā mānoho a me nā wahi kai pali o nā muliwai nui a liʻiliʻi i mamao loa mai nā wahi noho.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manu ʻā Kepani. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea a ka manuā Kepani e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Kanikani puaʻa Kepanī
ʻAʻole mahalo nui nā crane Kepani i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea āpau i hiki ke loaʻa.
Papa Kuhikuhi mea kanu:
- limu a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe;
- nā lālā laiki;
- nā aʻa;
- ʻākala;
- hua palaoa.
Papa Kuhikuhi holoholona:
- iʻa kaulike (carp);
- nahenahe;
- rana;
- crustaceans;
- nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi (nā moʻo);
- manu liʻiliʻi wai;
- nāhelehele nunui (dragonflies).
Hiki i nā Cranes ke ʻimi i nā rodents liʻiliʻi a luku i nā pūnana o ka moa wai. ʻAi ʻia nā manuā Kepani i ka wanaʻao i ke kakahiaka a i ke awakea. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea ola like ʻole, hele lākou i kēia manawa a laila hele i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia o ko lākou mau poʻo a nānā pono i nā mea pio. ʻOiai e kali ana, hiki i ka manuʻō ke kū me ka neʻe ʻole no kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa. Inā ʻike ka manu i kekahi mea kūpono i ka mauʻu, no ka laʻana, he rana, a laila hopu koke ʻo ia iā ia me ka neʻe ʻana o kona nuku, holoi iā ia i ka wai no kekahi manawa, a laila wale nō e ale iā ia.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā holoholona ʻōpio ka hapanui o nā kolo nui, nā ʻenuhe a me nā ilo. ʻO ka nui o nā protein i loko o lākou e ʻae ai i nā moa e ulu a ulu koke. ʻO kēlā papaʻai waiwai a ʻano ʻokoʻa e ʻae i nā moa e ulu wikiwiki, hoʻomohala a i kahi manawa pōkole loa (3-4 mau mahina) e hōʻea i ka nui o nā mākua. I kēia makahiki, hiki i nā ʻōpili ʻōpio ke lele i kahi mamao.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kepani Kepani i ka lele ʻana
Hoʻoikaika nui nā manuahi Kepani i ka hapa mua o ka lā. Hōʻuluʻulu nā manu i nā hui nui i nā wahi kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai na lākou (nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai, nā ʻūhū, nā kula pulu), kahi lawa kūpono o ka meaʻai. I ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pō, hiamoe nā puaʻa. Moe lākou i ke kū ʻana i ka wai ma ka wāwae hoʻokahi.
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale nā crane i ka nohona i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i pili i kahi kāne male ʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, pale nui kēlā me kēia pālua i ko lākou ʻāina a ʻae ʻole i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e komo i ko lākou ʻāina. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau, i ka manawa e lele ai i ka hema, he mea mau no nā manuʻāina ʻo ka ʻāina nui e ʻākoakoa i loko o nā holoholona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ke ola o nā crane Kepani he nui o nā hana i hana pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ola.
Kāhea ka poʻe kiaʻi manu i kēia mau ʻano hana he mau hulahula. Hōʻike lākou i nā beep a me nā neʻe. Hana ʻia nā hula ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana, i ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, ma ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā mea nui o ka hulahula manuahi nā kakaka, nā lele, ke huli o ke kino a me ke poʻo, e hoʻolei ana i nā lālā a me ka mauʻu me ka nuku.
Manaʻo nā kiaʻi manu he hōʻike kēia mau neʻe i ke ʻano maikaʻi o nā manu, kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kāne hou, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka pilina ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā hanauna like ʻole. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, auwana ka heluna nui o ka ʻāina nui i kahi ʻaoʻao hema. Lele nā manuʻahi i nā wahi mehana i kahi pae a kahi kiʻekiʻe o ma kahi o 1.5 km ma luna o ka honua, e pili ana i nā hana hou. Aia paha he mau maha hoʻomaha a me ka hoʻomaha hānai i kēia lele ʻana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: moa puaʻa Kepanī
Hiki i nā crane Manchu ke oʻo kolohe e 3-4 mau makahiki. Hoʻokumu nā manu i nā kāne male monogamous ʻaʻole i haki i ko lākou ola āpau. Hoʻi hou nā manu ʻā i kā lākou mau pūnaewele pūnana paʻa i ka wā wanaʻao: ke hoʻomaka wale nā ʻōpala mua.
Hoʻomaka ka manawa hānau no nā crane Kepani me kahi mele kuʻuna, kahi e hoʻokani ʻia e ke kāne. Himeni ʻo ia me ke mele (hums), hoʻolei i kona poʻo i hope. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hui pū ka wahine i ke kāne. Hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hana hou i nā kani a kāna hoa. A laila hoʻomaka kahi hulahula aloha, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pirouette he nui, lele, lele nā ʻeheu, nā kakaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā hulina moena o ka manuahi Kepani ka mea paʻakikī loa i waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana Cranes. He pīhoihoi e komo nā manu makua a ʻōpio hoʻi i loko o ia mau mea, me he mea lā e hoʻohana ana i nā mākau pono āpau.
Hoʻomaka kahi mau crane e kūkulu i ko lākou pūnana ma Malaki - ʻApelila, a ʻo ka wahine wale nō ke koho i kahi nona. ʻO ka pūnaewele pūnana kahi mānoanoa o nā mea kanu wai me ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā wahi, ke kū ʻana o kahi wai kokoke a me ka nele piha o ke alo o ke kanaka. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e hoʻokahi pālua - 10 sq. km., a me ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnana ʻokoʻa ma waena o 2-4 km. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana manuā mai ka mauʻu, nā ʻohe a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe. He oval kona kinona, pālahalaha, a 1.2 m ka lōʻihi, a 1 m ākea, a 0.5 m hohonu.
I loko o kahi paʻa o nā manu ʻā, aia mau he mau hua 2, ʻoiai he hoʻokahi wale nō nā kāne ʻōpio. Hoʻokomo nā mākua i nā hua, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, hatch nā moa mai iā lākou. I kekahi mau lā wale nō ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā moa ke hele wāwae me ko lākou mau mākua, ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. I nā pō anuanu, hoʻomehana nā mākua i kā lākou mau keiki ma lalo o ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Mālama - hānai ʻana, hoʻomehana ʻana, mau ma kahi o 3-4 mau mahina, a laila kūʻokoʻa loa nā moa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā crane Kepanī
Kiʻi: Hīkī Kepani mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Ua manaʻo ʻia nā manu ʻā Kepani he mau manu akahele loa. No kēia kumu, a no ka nui nō hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Loaʻa i kahi wahi noho nui loa, he ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻenemi o kēia mau manu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka ʻāina nui, hiki i nā raccoons, nā ʻalopeke a me nā bea ke hopu iā lākou i kekahi manawa. I kekahi manawa hoʻouka kaua ʻia nā moa hou e nā ʻīlio hae a me nā mea lele nui (ʻo nā ʻaeto, nā aeto gula). Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻana o nā manu ʻū i kā lākou palekana a me ka pale ʻana o kā lākou keiki, waiho pinepine nā mea ʻaihue me ka ʻole.
Inā hoʻokokoke aku kahi mea ʻino a kanaka paha i ka pūnana kokoke ma mua o 200 m, hoʻāʻo mua nā manuʻoki e hoʻohuli i ka nānā, e neʻe mālie aku mai ka pūnana mai 15-20 m a kali, a neʻe hou aku. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hana nui ka ʻenehana hoʻoluhi. Hoʻi wale nā mākua i ka home ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou ʻaʻohe o kā lākou pūnana a me kā lākou keiki i ka makaʻu.
Ma nā mokupuni, ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā manean Manchu ma mua o ka ʻāina nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, heʻuʻuku ka helu o nā mea hānai manu o nā mea hōkai ma nā mokupuni a lawa ka meaʻai no lākou ma ke ʻano o nā rodents liʻiliʻi a me nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka huli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: puaʻa Kepanī
ʻO ka manuā Kepani i manaʻo ʻia he liʻiliʻi loa ia, he ʻano ʻane make. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka wahi o ka ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻole, ka hoʻonui ākea ʻana o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā dam ma nā muliwai nui a liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻohe wahi a nā manu e hānai ai a pūnana ai. ʻO kekahi kumu i ʻaneʻane loa e hoʻopau i ka pau ʻana o kēia mau manu nani ʻo ia ka Iapana mau makahiki he mau kenekulia e ʻimi nei i nā manuahi no ko lākou hulu. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he lāhui kūpuna ka Kepanī, no laila ua kū lōʻihi kēia pupule extermination a ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā manuʻio i Iapana e ulu, ʻoiai ka lohi.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka heluna kanaka o ka crane Kepani ma kahi o 2.2 tausani mau kānaka a helu ʻia lākou i ka International Red Book a me ka Red Book o Russia. Ma muli o kēia, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā laha ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido (Iapana), ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā manuā e noho ma nā mokupuni kokoke - Kunashir, Sakhalin, Habomai (Russia).
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole. Ua hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia nā crane Kepanī i ka pio ʻana, no laila, ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana hana e hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou helu ma o ka hana ʻana i kahi lehulehu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO nā keikikāne i hānai ʻia i ka lawe pio a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ko lākou wahi paʻa mau ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaha o ka noho ʻana o kānaka No kēia kumu, hiki iā lākou ke noho a pūnana i kahi a nā manu ʻāhiu e noho ʻole ai.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā Crane Kepanī
Kiʻi: Nā manu ʻio Kepani mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Ma muli o ka pono o ka Crane Kepani e pono ai ka nohona kūikawā, hihiu a me ka haʻalele loa, ua pilikia pono kēia ʻano mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ka hapa nui o nā wahi a nā manu i kū ai i ka mālie a me ka ʻoluʻolu i kēia manawa ua hoʻomalu piha ʻia e ka poʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hiki ʻole o ka hānau hānau, ka hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka lawa o ka meaʻai, a, ʻo ka hopena, ʻo ka hōʻemi loa ʻana i ka nui o nā manuʻio.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ma loko o ka 20 mau kenekulia, ke piʻi nei a hoʻemi ʻia nei paha ka nui o nā manuʻahi Manchu, akā manaʻoʻiʻo nā ornithologists ua hiki i kāna pae koʻikoʻi loa i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. ʻOiai, ʻo ka hoʻouka kaua mau i kēia mau wahi ua hoʻopilikia loa i ka maluhia o nā manu. Ua makaʻu nā manuā i ka mea e hana nei a huikau loa hoʻi. No kēia kumu, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole i pūnana no kekahi mau makahiki a hānai keiki. ʻO kēia hana kahi hopena pololei o ke koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia.
Aia kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe i ka heluna crane Kepanī - ka hiki o ka hakakā kaua ma waena o nā Kōlea ʻelua - ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me Hema, a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole paha ia i ka helu o nā manuʻio, e like me ke Kaua Honua ʻElua.
Manuā Kepani i nā ʻāina ʻAsia ua manaʻo ʻia he manu laʻa ia a me ka hōʻailona nui o ke aloha a me ka hauʻoli ʻohana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mahalo nui nā pālua o kēia mau manu i kekahi i kekahi, a noho kūpaʻa hoʻi i kā lākou mau hoa i ko lākou ola a pau. Aia kekahi manaʻoʻiʻo i waena o ka poʻe Kepanī: inā ʻoe e hana i hoʻokahi mano mau ʻalani pepa me kou mau lima ponoʻī, a laila e hoʻokō ʻia kou makemake i aloha nui ʻia.
Lā paʻi: 28.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/30/2019 ma 21:23
