Kahului - kahi manu mele kupaianaha, kahi e ʻike ʻia e kona kū hoʻokahi i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka mea mua, he ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia o ka nuku, ʻo ka lua, he ʻōlinolino a me ke kala kumu, a ʻo ke kolu, ʻo ke koho ʻana o kahi manawa kūpono ʻole no ke kau male a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā keiki. I kēia mau subtleties āpau, e hoʻāʻo mākou e kuhi iā ia ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano manu, ka nohona, nā hiʻohiʻona o waho a me nā wahi i makemake ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Klest
ʻO Klesty nā manu mele liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke kauoha o passerines a me ka ʻohana o nā finches. Hiki iā Klest ke kapa ʻia he manu kahiko, no ka mea ʻike ʻia ua noho kona mau kūpuna i ko mākou honua 9 a 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā ʻano manu nui i kūkulu ʻia i nā wahi o ka ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau aia i ka hemisphere ʻākau.
Video: Klest
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka crossbill, e like me kekahi o lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo ka manu o Kristo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka manawa i kaulia ai ʻo Kelisto ma ke keʻa a hoʻomāʻehaʻeha ʻia i ke keʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻalalā e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopakele iā ia, e hemo ana i nā kui mai kona kino, ʻo ia ke kumu i pelu ai kona nuku. ʻAʻole lawa ka ikaika o ka manu liʻiliʻi, koe wale nō ka nuku, ua ʻeha ke kuea, a ua hoʻokahe ʻia kona umauma me ke koko.
Ua hoʻomaikaʻi aku ka Haku i ka manu no kāna mau hana a hāʻawi iā ia i nā ʻano ʻē a kupaianaha hoʻi, ʻo ia:
- i loko o ka nuku kea;
- ka hānau ʻana o nā pua hulu "Kalikimaka";
- palahu ʻole o ka lepo manu.
ʻAʻole ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia mau makana a ke Akua, pili lākou i ke ola a me ke ʻano o ke keʻa, a mākou e hoʻāʻo ai e kālailai kikoʻī. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka crossbill i nā ana nui, ʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi maʻamau, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino i 20 cm. ʻO ke kino o ka hulu he ikaika a momona, a he pōkole ka huelo o ka manu a bifurcated i ka hapalua.
Ma kahi poʻo nui aʻe, ʻike koke ʻia kahi nuku ʻokoʻa a kumu maoli hoʻi, ʻaʻole kūlike nā ʻūlou i kūlou a hoʻopili ʻia i ke kēa. Ikaika nā wāwae manu a maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa, no laila hiki i ka crossbill ke kau mai kahi lālā me kona poʻo i lalo. ʻOkoʻa nā kāne hulu i nā wahine i kā lākou lole nani a nani hoʻi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka crossbill
Maopopo nā ana o ke kuea, akā ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha mai 50 a 60 mau huna. Nānā ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka manu ma muli o ke kikoo a me ke kino a me ka ʻāʻī pokole.
I ke kala o ka plumage kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā aka:
- alani;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- keʻokeʻo;
- melemele hina;
- kani ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka hoihoi a me ke keu o ke kāne, no ka mea he plumage mālamalama kona, i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kona ʻōpū me nā kaha keʻokeʻo-hina. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā wahine, me ka hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka palena melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, hoʻokaʻawale nā ornithologists i ʻelima mau ʻano o nā crossbills, ʻekolu o lākou i kahi noho mau ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina: crossbill ʻēheu keʻokeʻo, crossbill spruce, pine crossbill. E wehewehe i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho o kēia mau manu e hoʻohana ana i ka laʻana o nā ʻano kikoʻī.
Klest-elovik (maʻamau) he lōʻihi o ke kino o 17 a 20 cm. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kāne e kahi ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. He hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā aka melemele nā wahine peʻe. ʻAʻole kūlou ka nuku puʻupuʻu a loaʻa ka ʻaʻan o iki. Nui loa nā poʻo o nā manu, a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha mai 43 a 55 gram.
Puʻupuʻu pine i ke kala e like ia me ka ʻano ma mua. ʻIke ʻia ia e ka nuku nui nui a manoanoa hoʻi, kūpō iki i ka hopena. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manu he 16 - 18 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha ma kahi o 50 gram.
Puka ʻāheu keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa i nā kala o nā ʻeheu, i loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā kiko, ʻike koke ʻia ia i ke kua ʻeleʻele. I ka plumage o ke kāne, ʻalani, ʻulaʻula a me nā aka ʻulaʻula e ʻike ʻia, a melemele-hina ka wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia crossbill ma kahi o 16 cm, a ʻokoʻa kona kaumaha mai 43 a 50 mau gram.
Keʻa ʻekotia he hopena ia i UK. Liʻiliʻi hoʻi kona ana, hiki ka lōʻihi o ka manu mai 15 a 17 cm, a he 50 gram kaupaona.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻalalā?
Kiʻi: Klest ma Lūkia
ʻO nā iwi iwi he hulu o nā ululāʻau coniferous ma ka hemisphere ʻākau. Makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau coniferous a kāwili ʻia, e kāpae i nā ulu lāʻau kedera. Ke nīnau ʻia inā he migratory a kūmau paha ke keʻa, hiki i kekahi ke pane he nomadic ia. Holo mau ka manu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kikoʻī i wehewehe pono ʻia. Ma hea kahi hua nui o nā kumulāʻau coniferous, a aia kahi hoʻonui nui o nā crossbills. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā crossbill ma kahi o lākou he nui i mau mahina i hala.
Ma ka inoa o kekahi ʻano o kēia mau manu, maopopo leʻa ke ʻano o nā nahele i koho ʻia e ka crossbill no kahi noho. ʻO Klest-elovik, ʻo ka mea mua, makemake i nā ululāʻau spruce, akā ola i nā ululāʻau huikau. Noho kēia ʻano i ʻEulopa, ka ʻāina ʻApelika, ʻo Pilipine, ʻAsia ʻAkau, ʻAkau a me ʻAmelika Waena.
Aloha ke kumulāʻau pine i nā ulu lāʻau paina, a aia kona wahi noho ma Scandinavia a me ka ʻākau hikina o ʻEulopa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka crossbill spruce. ʻO ka crossbill ʻēheu keʻokeʻo i noho i nā wahi o ka taiga Lūkini, ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau a ʻo Scandinavia, kahi e noho pinepine ai i kēlā mau wahi kahi e ulu ai ka larch. Maopopo leʻa ke ola nei ka ʻāpiki Scottish ma UK, he endemik.
E neʻe mau i nā iwi i nā wahi momona i ka meaʻai, ʻo lākou, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ululāʻau, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi.
- tundra;
- steppes;
- pae mauna.
Mea hoihoi: ua loaʻa i nā ʻepekema kekahi mau crossbill, i kani ʻia e nā ornithologists, 3500 km mai ko lākou wahi noho ma mua.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nahele?
Kiʻi: Manu manu
ʻO ka mea wale nō e ʻike pehea e pio ai ka crossbill i nā unahi paʻakikī o nā cones a lawe i nā ʻanoʻano mai lalo o lākou, maopopo koke ke kumu o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka nīnake. Mālama paʻa nā hulu paʻa i nā lālā a kōkua peck i nā ʻone, e kau ana i luna i lalo.
ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻano he nui ma ka papa kuhikuhi crossbill. I ka ʻōlelo o ka papaʻai, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau manu he loea loea loa i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano coniferous, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai manu. I ka manawa pinepine, hānai ʻia nā crossbills ma nā ʻano pua sunflower, akā ʻike ʻia nā pepeke ma kā lākou papa kuhikuhi i nā manawa wale nō, ʻo ka hapanui pinepine o nā manu e ʻai i nā aphids.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i nā kau kau o ke kauwela, hauʻoli ka pīpī e huki i nā ʻanoʻano o ka mauʻu nahelehele, a i nā manawa pinepine o ka wī, hoʻouka kaua nā ʻohana manu āpau i nā māla i lūlū ʻia me nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ke ʻai nei i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā ʻone, he hapakolu wale nō o ia mau mea, ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo ka crossbill e huki i nā hua i hāʻawi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻoki i kekahi puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻi e nalo nā cones āpau i pau, hoʻolei iā lākou i ka honua, hānai ka crossbill i nā koʻokoʻo, nā squirrels a me nā mea aloha ʻē aʻe o ia ʻano meaʻai. ʻAi ʻo Crossbills i ka spruce a me nā ʻōpuʻu paina, kēpau me ka ʻili lāʻau. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka manu mai ka maple, lehu, ka fir a me nā ʻanoʻano larch. ʻO nā Crossbills, ke noho pio nei, ʻai ʻoliʻoli i ka lehu kuahiwi, ka oatmeal, ka palaoa palaoa, ka palaoa, ka hemp, nā nati a me nā pua sunflowers.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i ka crossbill. E ʻike kākou pehea e noho ai kahi manu i ka nāhelehele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Klest i ke kūlohelohe
He poʻe nomad maoli ʻo Klesty, ke neʻe mau nei i kahi kahi nui o nā meaʻai e pono ai. E hana i kēia, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā pua o 20 a 30 paha mau kānaka. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kāhea ʻia he manu lele a i ʻole manu kūmau. ʻEleu kēia mau manu i ka lā, ke hoʻolilo nei i kahi manawa nui i ka lei aliʻi, kahi a lākou e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hele iki nā manu i ka honua, makemake e kiʻekiʻe i nā lālā. He polokalamu paʻa ʻo Klest a wikiwiki, lele lele ʻo ia, wavy kāna ala lele. ʻAʻole makaʻu kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi i ka hau hau, no laila noho lākou i nā wahi me kahi anuanu maikaʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka crossbill ʻēheu keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ka mahana ma waho ma kahi o 50 kekelē me kahi hōʻailona lawe ʻia. Hoʻomau ka manu i kāna trill a hiki i kēlā ʻano hau.
Mai poina ke mele nei ke keʻa. Akā hīmeni ʻo ia i ka manawa pinepine i kona lele ʻana. I ʻike ai i ka noho ʻana o ka crossbill i nā lālā a hīmeni i nā mele he mea nui ʻole ia; ʻoiai e noho ana, hāmau ʻo ia, e kani ana me nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka wā lele. ʻO ke mele o ke keʻa keʻa e like me ka chirping interspersed me kahi leo nui, lohe koke ʻia nā memo lahilahi.
Hiki ke hoʻokolokolo i ke ʻano o ka hulu e nā poʻe e noho pio ana. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe aloha manu he pili aloha, ʻoluʻolu a hilinaʻi hoʻi nā crossbills. Maʻalahi nā manu e hoʻolalau a loaʻa ke akamai, hiki ke aʻo ʻia i kekahi mau kauoha maʻalahi. Hiki iā Klest ke hoʻohālikelike i nā leo o nā manu ʻē aʻe, me ke akamai i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kāna trill me lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Songbird crossbill
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o nā crossbills hiki i kā lākou keiki ke hānau i ka wā o ke anuanu, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia lākou he manu Kalikimaka, no ka mea ma kēia wā hoʻomaha nui e loaʻa pinepine ai lākou i nā moa. Ma Lūkia waena, hoʻomaka nā crossbills e pūnana i Malaki. Hana ʻia ka manawa pūnana i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole i ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kau hoʻoilo, ke pala nā hua ma nā larch a me nā lāʻau paina. Ma kahi e waiwai nui ai ka hua o nā hua coniferous, kūkulu nā manu i nā pūnana a i ka piko pono o nā hau hoʻoilo.
Mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole kau ka wā male o nā crossbills i ka manawa kikoʻī o ka makahiki, pili pololei ia i ka hua o nā lāʻau coniferous.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā crossbills Nesting ma nā spruces, hoʻohana lākou i nā pine i ka liʻiliʻi pinepine, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 10 mau mika. Ma waho, ulana ʻia nā pūnana mai nā lālā spruce lahilahi; i loko, nā lālā lahilahi a me kahi ʻōpala o ka limu, lichen, nā hulu, nā lauoho holoholona. ʻO ke anawaena o ka pūnana ma kahi o 13 knm, a ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe mai 8 a 10 cm.
Loaʻa i ka paʻa o ke keʻa mai ʻekolu a ʻelima mau hua keʻokeʻo me kahi leo bluish iki, a ua hoʻonani ʻia ka pūpū me nā kaha burgundy. ʻElua mau pule ka manawa hoʻouluulu. I kēia mau manawa āpau, hoʻoulu ka wahine i nā keiki, a mālama ka makua kāne i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kāna meaʻai. Uhi ʻia nā pēpē pāpale i ka hina a me ka fluff mānoanoa. No kekahi mau lā, hoʻomehana ka makuahine hulu i nā moa me kona kino, a laila, me nā kāne, hele lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai na kā lākou keiki.
I ka ʻekolu mau pule o ko lākou mau makahiki, hoʻomaka nā moa e lele i mua, akā ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i kahi mamao mai ka pūnaewele pūnana a noho pō i loko. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ua hānau ʻia nā moa me ka nuku pololei, no laila no nā mahina mua, hānai nā mākua hulu mālama iā lākou. Hoʻomaka e ʻoki loa nā pēpē i ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu, a lilo ko lākou nuku, e like me ka ʻohana makua. Pili kokoke i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, lilo ka plumage o nā holoholona ʻōpio i like me nā manu oʻo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka pio, ola nā crossbill a 10 mau makahiki; i ka nahelehele, ua pōkole ko lākou ola.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā crossbills
Kiʻi: Manu manu
Laki loa ʻo Klest no ka mea ʻAʻohe ona ʻenemi i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā manu nui ʻaʻole ke kuleana o ke gastrbic no ka mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻono ʻole ia ma muli o ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻano hua coniferous i nā manawa āpau. Ma muli o ka papaʻai manu kikoʻī, ʻo ka meaola o ka crossbill kahi waihona nui o nā kēpau coniferous, no laila, nā embalms ke keʻa i kona ola.
Mea hoihoi: Ma hope o ka make, ʻaʻole e hemo ke kino o ke keʻa, akā e lilo i mummy, no ka resin coniferous like i hoʻopiha ʻia kona kino. Hōʻoia kēia i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka palaho ʻole o ke kino o ka manu, a ka Haku ponoʻī i hāʻawi aku ai i ka ʻāpā.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻenemi o ka crossbill i kahi kanaka i luku ʻole i ka manu, akā pili nui i kāna ola ʻana i ke ala ʻole, ke keʻakeʻa nei i nā biotopes kūlohelohe, keʻoki ʻana i nā ululāʻau, hōʻino i ke kūlana kaiaola i ka nui. ʻO ka hoʻomau, hoʻokele waiwai, hana kanaka he hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna o nā manu, ka heluna kanaka o lākou e emi haʻahaʻa nei. ʻAʻole nānā ʻo Klestam i nā hau hau ʻino a me ke ola ʻoʻoleʻa i nā ululāʻau ulia taiga. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka manu i nā pōpilikia weliweli, ʻo ka hana wale nō a ke kanaka ke hoʻoweliweli nui i nā manu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: No ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, palupalu nā crossbills i nā hua coniferous i kā lākou goiter, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pēpē e ale a hoʻowali iā lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka crossbill
E pili ana i ka nui o ka lehulehu crossbill, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo me ke kānalua ʻole i ke kūlana hea ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaneʻane ʻo nā ʻano āpau o kēia mau manu e neʻe mau mai kēlā me kēia ʻāina i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi momona i ka meaʻai hulu. Hana ʻia ma kahi o nā crossbills lehulehu, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina nalowale loa lākou, neʻe i nā pūnaewele hou, a kū i kahi i nānā ʻole ʻia ai i nā helu nui. Ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā wahi like ʻole e loli mau ana. ʻOiai, pili kēia i ka hua o nā conifers.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻomālamalama nā mea pena auwana a me nā mea hoʻokani pila i nā crossbill i ʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā likiki lottery me ko lākou nuku a komo i nā ʻano kilokilo, e hana nei i nā hana maʻalea.
ʻO nā fluctuations i nā helu he ʻano pinepine ia o ka spruce crossbill, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ia mau lele i ka lāʻau pine, ua manaʻo ʻia ia he ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e noho maluhia nei kekahi i kekahi. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻeha ka lehulehu o nā crossbills i nā wahi he nui i ka hana mau a ke kanaka, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā manu mai ko lākou wahi noho a kamaʻāina. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana o nā ululāʻau coniferous i ke ola o kēia mau manu mele. I kekahi mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka crossbill, ka mea e hopohopo ai nā conservationist, no laila e hoʻolauna ʻia nā hana pale kūikawā ma ia mau wahi e hāpai i kahi ola manu ʻoluʻolu a hauʻoli hoʻi.
Pale Crossbill
Kiʻi: Manu manu
Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma mua ka heluna o nā crossbills ma kekahi mau ʻāina, akā ke emi nei, aia nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia he manu ʻole ka manu. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka hana, ka mea, i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia a hōʻino ia i nā lunamaka'āinana o nā holoholona laka, me nā crossbills
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Klest-elovik i loko o ka Red Book of Moscow mai ka makahiki 2001, no ka lua o ka mahele ka manu a manaʻo ʻia he kākaʻikahi kēia wahi. ʻO nā kumu palena palena nui ka wahi liʻiliʻi o nā ululāʻau spruce a me kona emi haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ʻāina a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o nā ululāʻau huikau. Hoʻopilikia loa ʻo Elks i nā kumulāʻau Kalikimaka ʻōpio, no laila ʻaʻole pani nā conifers ʻōpio i nā kumu lāʻau kahiko.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka Red Book, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā hana palekana aʻe a ke hoʻokō ʻia nei:
- ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā panalāʻau o ka pūnana paʻa mau o nā manu i ka papa inoa o nā mea kūlohelohe pale ʻia.
- ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi papahana kikoʻī e hoʻonui ai i kahi o nā ululāʻau spruce a mālama ʻia i ke ʻano kūpono o nā ululāʻau spruce e noho nei;
- e hoʻemi ana i ka heluna o ka moose i kahi pae palekana no nā mea ulu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu.
- ka pāpā o ka hoʻomaikaʻi a me ka mahi ʻana o nā ululāʻau coniferous a me kā lākou mālama ʻana i ko lākou kūlohelohe, ʻano pristine.
Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i kēlā ʻalalalā maoli, manu hoihoi loa. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole pili wale ko lākou kumu i nā waiwai kūwaho, akā i ke kiʻi o kahi ola manu manuahi. Ke aʻo ʻoe i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau manu i ke kikoʻī, ʻaʻole loa ʻoe e kahaha i ko lākou hiki a me kā lākou mau taleni. I kekahi manawa nō hoʻi e ala mai kahi nīnau rhetorical: "Malia paha ua hāʻawi ʻo ka Haku ponoʻī i nā crossbill me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē a ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona hulu ʻē aʻe?"
Lā paʻi: 07/27/2019
Lā hou: 09/30/2019 ma 18:24
