Laki He manu passerine liʻiliʻi i hiki ke loaʻa ma waena o Lūkia ma ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻOiai makemake ʻo ia e noho i ka nahele, hiki iā ia ke hele i nā wahi noho, i kekahi manawa hōʻino i nā mea kanu i nā māla. Akā kaulike ʻia kēia e nā pōmaikaʻi i lawe ʻia mai e ka waxwing - luku ʻia nā mea kolo he nui, e like me nā mea ʻino.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Waxwing
Ua ulu nā manu mua mai nā mea kolo - archosaurs. Ua hana ʻia ma kahi o 160 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he mau manaʻo ʻokoʻa ko ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo wai ka o nā archosaur i lilo i mau kūpuna. E hiki nō ke hoʻokumu i kēia kikoʻī ma hope wale o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻololi kokoke loa i ke ʻano o nā fossil.
A hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea i loaʻa, ʻo ka Archeopteryx kaulana like, i manaʻo mua ʻia he ʻano hoʻololi, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua mamao loa ia mai nā archosaurs lele ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻano ʻē aʻe i waena o lākou. I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā manu kahiko loa ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea e noho ana i ka honua i kēia lā.
Video: Waxwing
ʻO kēlā mau ʻano i ola a hiki i kēia lā i hoʻomaka i ka puka ʻana ma hope loa, i ka Paleogene - ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o 65 miliona mau makahiki BC, i ka wā i luku ʻia ai ka nui. Ua hoʻoulu i ka evolution, me nā manu - ua nāwaliwali ka hoʻokūkū, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā niches holoʻokoʻa, i hoʻomaka e hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻano hou.
I ka manawa like, ua ʻikea nā passerines mua - ʻo ia hoʻi, no lākou ka waxwing. ʻO nā koena fossil kahiko o passerines i loaʻa i ka hemisphere hema, aia ma kahi o 50-55 miliona mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi lākou i noho ai ma ka hemisphere hema, ʻoiai ko lākou mau mōʻalihaku e waiho ana ma ka hemisphere ʻĀkau i ka makahiki 25-30 miliona i hala mua.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka waxwing ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka passerines i kēia neʻe ʻana, a ke noho nei ʻo Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAkau wale nō. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ka hana maʻamau e K. Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758 ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Bombycilla garrulus.
Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, ua ʻike mua ʻia he 9 mau ʻano waxwings, hui ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka inoa like, akā laila ua ʻike ʻia he nui loa nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua: waxwings a silky waxwings.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu lulu
Liʻiliʻi loa kēia manu: 19-22 knm lōʻihi, a he 50-65 kaupaona. Kū i waho me kahi ʻāpana nui. Hinahina ke kani o ka hulu me kahi aniani ʻākala, ʻeleʻele nā ʻeheu, ua haʻi i nā kaha keʻokeʻo a me nā melemele. ʻEleʻele pū ka ʻāʻī o ka manu a me ka huelo. Aia kekahi kaha melemele ma ka lihi o ka huelo, a keʻokeʻo ma ka lihi o ka ʻēheu.
Hāʻawi kēia mau kaha liʻiliʻi, a me ke kala ʻalani, i ka manu i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā helehelena exotic no kahi aniau akahai. Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā hulu kula kiʻekiʻe mai kahi mamao loa, e ʻike ʻoe he ʻulaʻula kā lākou ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. ʻO nā Chicks he melemele-chestnut, a ʻo nā manu ʻōpio i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia he hulu ʻāhinahina hina.
He nuku ākea a pōkole hoʻi ka waxwing, nā wāwae me nā māiʻuʻu i hāwili - hoʻohana ʻia lākou e pili i nā lālā, akā he mea kūpono ʻole ka hele ʻana o ka manu ma luna o lākou. I ka wā o ka lele, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, lele pololei, me ka ʻole o nā kinona paʻakikī a me nā huli ʻoi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau manu i ka home, ʻoiai paʻakikī e hoʻolana, ke ʻole he mau moa. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iā lākou pakahi a i ʻole nā pā paʻa: hoʻomaka lākou e kaumaha a lilo i lethargic. I mea e ʻoliʻoli ai ka waxwing a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi me nā trill, ʻelua mau manu e pono ke hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa kūpono e lele a puni ka pā.
Ma hea e noho ai ka waxwing?
Kiʻi: waxwing maʻamau
I ke kauwela, noho ka waxwings ma kahi ākea o ka taiga a me nā wahi e pili ana, mai ʻEulopa a hikina Siberia Hikina ma Eurasia, a me nā wahi me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Noho lākou ma nā ululāʻau, makemake i nā conifers a i ʻole ka huikau.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou i nā clearings a i nā kuahiwi, inā ulu lākou me nā mea kanu. Noho ʻo Waxworm i kahi ākea: ʻaʻole pīhoihoi lākou e pili ana i ke aniau, hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole, mai nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a i nā mauna. ʻO ka mea nui a lākou e aloha ai i kēlā mau ululāʻau kahi i laila nā spruces a me nā birch.
ʻO ka mea nui i ke koho ʻana i kahi nohona no kēia manu ke kū ʻana o kahi hua nui o nā hua. ʻO ia ke kumu i makemake nui ai ʻo ia i nā nahele taiga waiwai iā lākou. Hiki iā ia ke lele i loko o nā māla a me nā hua peck, ʻoiai ʻo kahi manu liʻiliʻi hiki ke hōʻeha nui, no ka mea he ʻai maikaʻi loa kāna.
I ka hoʻoilo, lilo i anuanu no ka waxwings ma ka taiga, no laila ke hele pōkole nei lākou i ka hema. ʻAʻole like me ka poʻe neʻe, e hele lōʻihi ana i kahi manawa lōʻihi, ua kapa ʻia ka waxwing he manu nomadic. Lele aku ʻo ia a kokoke loa - he mau haneli mau kilomita ke ʻano.
Hana kēia i kēia ma hope wale o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau, a i ʻole ke anuanu no kahi manawa lōʻihi - no laila, ʻoiai ʻo Kekemapa, i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā hua hau. Lele lākou i nā hipa nui, hoʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ai ka puna, akā i nā hui liʻiliʻi o 5-10 mau kānaka.
Hana wale ʻia nā lele e kēlā mau waxwings e noho ana ma ka ʻākau o ka pae, e noho mau ana nā "hema" ʻoiai ke hele mai nei ka hau hoʻoilo i ko lākou wahi noho.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manu waxwing. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka waxwing?
Kiʻi: Waxwing i ka hoʻoilo
ʻOkoʻa ka papaʻai o kēia manu a ʻano like me nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu mea kanu. Lanakila ka mea mua i ke kauwela. I kēia manawa, keʻimi ʻimi nei ka waxwing, ʻo ka mea nui no nā kolo.
Hiki iā ia:
- makika;
- lōlō hihi;
- butterflies;
- nalo;
- larva.
Nui ke aloha o Waxworms, eia kekahi, lele pinepine lākou i nā hipa, a hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke luku i ka hapa nui o nā mea kolo ʻino ma ia wahi, a ma hope e lele ai i kahi hou. No laila maikaʻi loa ka wili - inā kū lākou ma kahi o kahi e noho ai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā makika a me nā midges.
Eia kekahi, hoʻopau ikaika ka waxwings i nā mea kolo i loko o ka wā e pono ai lākou e hānai i nā keiki keiki - kēlā me kēia moa e koi i nā mākua e hana luhi ʻole me ko lākou mau ʻeheu i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, a lawe i nā holoholona iā ia - ʻaʻole ʻai nā keiki moa i nā meaʻai kanu, akā pono nui lākou e ulu.
ʻAi lākou i nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua a me nā hua, makemake:
- lehu mauna;
- viburnum;
- ʻenipera;
- rosehip;
- pākīpika;
- manu cherry;
- lingonberry;
- mistletoe;
- barberry;
- ohia;
- pea.
A inā, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kolo, lawe nā waxwings i nā keu pono he nui, a laila no ko lākou aloha i nā hua, nui ka ʻino. ʻAʻole e nalo ke kuko ma aneʻi, no laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka cherry manu i kekahi mau hola, a ma hope iho ʻaʻohe mea o nā mea nona ka ʻohi mai.
Eia kekahi, makaʻu nā wili ʻAmelika, lele i loko o nā māla i nā pūʻā nui, no laila ʻaʻole makemake nui nā mahiʻai iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kahi kumulāʻau e like me nā ʻūhini, kahili i nā hua a pau e ulu ana ma luna, a lele i kahi kokoke. ʻAʻohe ohi ʻia nā hua hāʻule mai ka honua.
He mau ʻaukā maoli kēia mau manu: makemake lākou e ale i ka mea hiki ke hiki, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e nau i nā hua, ʻo ka hopena, noho mau lākou me ka ʻole i hoʻouluulu ʻia, kahi mea e hāʻawi ai i ka mahele maikaʻi o ka hua. I ka puna, ʻoki lākou i nā ʻōpuʻu o nā kumulāʻau like ʻole, a i ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻololi lākou i kahi papaʻai o hoʻokahi rowan a lele pinepine i nā wahi noho.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo ia ʻano ʻano e like me "wīwī ʻona" e pili pū ʻia me ka gluttony. Hoʻopili lākou i nā hua a pau me ka maopopo ʻole, me nā mea i hānai mua ʻia. Ma muli o ka nui o kā lākou ʻai nui ʻana, hiki i ka nui o ka waiʻona i loko o ke koko, e neʻe ai ka manu e like me ka mea ʻona. Hana maʻamau kēia i ka hoʻoilo, ke wela iki nā hua maloʻo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu lulu
Noho maʻamau nā waxwings i nā hipa a i ka nui o lākou, ʻoki leo nui lākou, kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi - a ʻo ka leo o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi lākou, ola loa a pālahalaha loa a puni ka ʻāina. Ke kani nui, hoʻopiha kā lākou ʻāwī me ke mele. Hū lākou i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe mau iā lākou e wīwī mai nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau me nā hua.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lā hana lākou i kēlā - noho paha lākou ma luna o kahi ululāʻau a me nā hua peck, a i ʻole hoʻomaha wale a ʻokiʻoki lākou. I nā lā maikaʻi, piʻi pinepine lākou i ka lewa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou makemake e lele e like me ka neʻe ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, i nā lā maopopo, nui nā mea kolo i ka lewa a ma ka mauʻu, a no laila ke ʻimi nei nā waxwings.
He ʻohana wale nō ma luna ona, no laila, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, neʻe pinepine lākou mai ona aku, akā naʻe ʻaʻole lele lele loa lākou. I ka ʻai ʻana i ka lawa pono o nā mea kolo, hoʻi lākou a hoʻomaka hou e wīwī me ko lākou ʻohana. He manu dexterous ʻo Waxwing, hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā mea kolo ma ka lele a hiki ke loaʻa he nui i kahi manawa pōkole, akā paʻakikī loa e haʻalele iā ia.
Ke komo i loko ke anuanu, hoʻomau ka lele o ka waxwings a nānā i nā hua rowan, a i ke anuanu a i ʻole ka hau ʻino, loaʻa ka hānai i nā hipa ma waena o nā lālā spruce - ma ka hohonu o ka spruce, ma lalo o nā nila a me kahi papa o ka hau, he mahana loa ia, ʻoiai hoʻi inā ʻoe e pili pū. Hiki i nā manu ke ola i ke kau hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Waxwing
Inā maʻamau nui kēia mau manu, ola a makaʻu ʻole lele i nā poʻe, a laila ma Mei-Iune ua aneane hiki ʻole ke lohe ʻia. ʻO ke kumu e hiki mai ana ke kau pūnana - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ia mea, ua hana mua ʻia nā pālua a hoʻomaka nā waxwings e kūkulu i nā pūnana. ʻO ka mea pīhoihoi, i kēlā me kēia makahiki ua hoʻokumu hou ʻia nā pālua o nā waxwings, ʻoiai ke makana nei nā kāne i ka wahine me nā hua ma ke ʻano he makana - pono ʻo ia e hana mau i kēia no ka manawa lōʻihi. Me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka makemake o ka waxwings, pono ke kāne e ʻai i ka nui o ka meaʻai i kēia manawa.
He ʻano hoʻokolohua kēia inā e hiki iā ia ke hoʻolako i ka wahine i ka meaʻai ʻoiai e haki ana i nā hua. Pono pono e hānai iā ia a hiki i kona hoʻoholo ʻana inā pono ke ʻae i kāna ipo, a i hoʻāʻo paha ʻaʻole lawa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hui me kekahi. Koho ʻia kahi no ka pūnana ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka waihona wai - nui loa ke komo ʻana i ka wai, no ka mea inā ʻaʻole e lele mau nā manu i mea e inu ai iā lākou iho a hoʻoinu i nā moa. ʻO ka pinepine, aia nā pūnana ma nā ululāʻau hāmama, ma nā lālā o nā lāʻau Kalikimaka nui, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 7-14 mau mika.
ʻO kēia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa no laila ʻaʻole hoihoi nā holoholona ʻāina, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu lele e lele ana i luna o ka spruce ke ʻike i ko lākou pūnana. Hiki i nā waxwings ke hoʻonohonoho i ka wā o ka pūnana a kaʻawale a ʻokoʻa pū kekahi, i kahi pūʻulu o nā pūnana pūnana kokoke i kekahi i kekahi. No ke kūkulu ʻana, hoʻohana nā manu i nā lālā, nā lau o ka mauʻu, nā lichen a me nā limu. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hulu a me ka hulu hipa ma lalo o ka pūnana i palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi nā keiki. Ke mākaukau loa ka pūnana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i 3-6 mau hua o ka malu hina hina i loko ona, i kahi kiko.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo iā lākou i ʻelua mau pule, a ʻo ka wahine wale nō ke hana, akā pono ke kāne e hāpai i kāna meaʻai i kēia manawa āpau - ʻaʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele i kahi ʻē. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ʻaʻohe kōkua o nā moa no ka manawa mua, akā aloha nui loa - hana wale lākou i ka mea a lākou e noi ai i ka meaʻai. Hoʻopiʻi kēia i nā mea ʻaihue, no laila e pono i nā mākua ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai na lākou a na lākou iho, a pale aku hoʻi iā lākou iho. No laila, lele kekahi makua no ka meaʻai - hana lākou i kahi ʻokoʻa, a noho ka lua i ka pūnana. ʻO nā hebedoma ʻelua ka manawa weliweli loa, a laila uhi ʻia nā moa me ka hulu a lilo i kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono ʻoe e hānai iā lākou no kekahi manawa.
Ma ʻAukake, ua hoʻokumu piha ʻia kā lākou plumage, no laila ua aʻo lākou e lele a hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa e hānai nā mākua iā lākou. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, lele lele lākou a kūʻokoʻa, waiho i ko lākou mau mākua i ka hana hoʻoilo. Hiki i ka waxwing ʻōpio ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ola no 10-15 mau makahiki, he nui loa ia no kahi manu o kahi ʻano akahai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka wili
Kiʻi: Manu lulu
He paʻakikī no ka waxworms e pale iā lākou iho ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka nalo ʻole o ka nuku ikaika a i ʻole nā māiʻuʻu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ko lākou kala he masking, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lele mai kahi moʻolelo, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hanana me ka maneuverability No laila, nui nā predators hiki ke hopu i kahi waxwing, a hoʻoweliweli ka makaʻu iā ia i nā manawa āpau a me nā wahi āpau.
Aia i waena o nā ʻenemi nui:
- ʻalā;
- kanahā;
- manu koraka;
- pueo;
- protein;
- martens;
- nā mānoanoa.
Hiki i nā manu lele ke hopu i nā waxwings i ka lele ʻana a i ʻole hoʻāʻo e lawe iā lākou me ke kahaha ke noho maluhia lākou ma nā lālā lāʻau. He mea paʻakikī loa ka haʻalele ʻana mai kahi hawk a i ʻole kekahi manu nui ʻē aʻe. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka waxwings ke manaʻo palekana, no ka mea, ʻo ka pueo ke hele i ka hopu holoholona. Makemake nui lākou i nā rodents, akā inā lākou e hoʻokele i kahi pūnana waxwing, a laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi lākou no lākou kekahi. Hiki i nā moa a me nā mopie ke hopu i nā manu o nā mākua, akā lawe mai lākou i nā pilikia hou aʻe ma muli o ko lākou makemake e hōʻino i nā pūnana: makemake kēia mau mea hōʻaiʻē e ʻahaʻaina i nā moa a me nā hua.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka moa ke luku i kekahi mau pūnana hoalauna i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai inā ʻai ʻia i ka mea mua, a pepehi wale i ke koena o nā moa me ka ʻai ʻole, a haki nā hua. Inā hoʻāʻo nā mākua e pale i ka pūnana, hana pū ka ʻōʻō me lākou pū kekahi. ʻAʻole kūpale nā rodent Predatory i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka pūnana: maʻalahi ka martens a me nā squirrels e kiʻi iā ia. Aloha lākou i nā hua i ka nui o nā mea āpau, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā moa, a hiki iā lākou ke pepehi i kahi manu makua, ʻoiai paha he mea ʻino ia iā lākou - aia ka makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻeha mai kona nuku.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: waxwing maʻamau
ʻO ka laulā o nā waxwings maʻamau ma Eurasia ākea ākea - ma kahi o 13 miliona mau kilomika kilomika. ʻO kēia panalāʻau kahi home o kahi lehulehu o miliona o nā kānaka - paʻakikī e kuhi i kā lākou helu kikoʻī. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua emi ka heluna o kēia mau manu, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka helu o kēia emi ʻana.
Ke hele nei mai kēia, no ka poʻe ke kumu o ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole pale ʻia i ke kānāwai ma Russia a ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi kahi e hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ai ka nohona waxwing, a i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana ʻaʻole pono ke kali no kāna hoʻomohala hana - eia nā ʻāina anuanu o Scandinavia, nā Ural, Siberia.
No laila, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka heluna waxwings e noho ana ma laila. Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, like ke kūlana - ka hapa nui o kēia mau manu e noho nei i nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi o Kanada. Nui ka heluna kanaka ma kēia ʻāina, i ka manaʻo o nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika e ʻeha nei i ka waxwings, a ʻoi loa paha. ʻOkoʻa ka hanana me ka waxwing Kepanī, ʻike ʻia ʻo Amur - he kakaikahi loa ia a pale ʻia hoʻi i nā wahi he nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke mālama ʻia i ka pio, pono ʻoe e hānai i ka manu me nā huahana carotene, inā ʻaʻole e mae ke kala - ʻo ke ala maʻalahi ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kāloti. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka tī tī, nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo, nā ʻelala, nā hua ʻai.
I ke kau mahana, hoʻonui ʻia nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i ka papa kuhikuhi a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hānai mau ʻia me nā hua. Inā loaʻa nā pua i nā manu, pono ka ʻai o nā holoholona i kā lākou papaʻai, he mea nui nō hoʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia iā lākou i ka wā o ka incubation.
Laki manu liʻiliʻi a pale ʻole i mua o nā mea hōkai. Lawe lākou i kā lākou uku no ka hoʻomanawanui: i kēlā me kēia makahiki kūkulu lākou i nā pūnana hou, a laila hoʻoulu a hānai i nā moa a hiki i ko lākou noho kūʻokoʻa ʻana. Kūleʻa loa lākou a hiki ke ola i kahi hoʻoilo anuanu, ʻoiai e hānai wale ana i ka lehu mauna kuʻi.
Ka lā paʻi: 22.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 18:49
