Jellyfish manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā meaola kahiko loa i noho ma ka honua. Ua noho lākou ma ka Honua ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā dinosaur. Kūpono ʻole kekahi ʻano laha, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi poʻe ke pepehi me hoʻokahi paʻi. Mālama ka poʻe hānai iʻa i nā jellyfish i loko o nā aquarium, e nānā ana i kā lākou ana o ke ola.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Medusa
Wahi a ka noiʻi, ua hoʻomaka ke ola o nā jellyfish mua ma ka honua ma mua o 650 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma mua o ka pae ʻana o ka iʻa i ka ʻāina. Unuhi ʻia mai ka Greek Greek μέδουσα ma ke ʻano he mea pale, mōʻī. Ua kapa ʻia ka hana e ka naturalist Karl Linnaeus ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 18 no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka Gorgon Medusa ma muli o ka like o waho. ʻO ka hanauna medusoid kahi pae i ka pōʻai ola o nā mea kolo. Pili i ka subtype Medusozoa. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma mua o 9 tausani mau ʻano.
Video: Medusa
Aia he 3 mau papa o nā jellyfish, i kapa ʻia nā inoa e like me kā lākou hanana:
- jellyfish pahu;
- ʻīlio hihi;
- scyphomedusa.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka jellyfish mea make loa i ka honua no ka papa o nā jellyfish pahu. ʻO Sea Wasp a i ʻole Box Medusa kona inoa. Hiki i kāna lāʻau make ke pepehi i ke kanaka i loko o kekahi mau minuke, a ʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kala polū ma ka wai, kahi mea maʻalahi e holo i loko.
ʻO ka Turritopsis nutricula no ka hydro-jellyfish - kahi ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he make ʻole. Ke hiki lākou i ke kūlana makua, iho lākou i ka papakū o ka moana a lilo i polyp. Hoʻomohala ʻia nā hana hou ma luna ona, kahi e puka mai ai nā jellyfish. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla i kahi helu palena ʻole o nā manawa a ʻai kekahi predator iā lākou.
ʻOi aku ka nui o Scyphomedusa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā papa ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili kēia i ka Cyanei - nā mea nui i hiki i 37 mau mika ka lōʻihi a ʻo kekahi o nā poʻe lōʻihi loa o ka honua. Hoʻohālikelike nā nahu o nā meaola scyphoid i kēlā me nā nalo meli a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Medusa i ke kai
ʻOiai ʻo 95% ka wai o nā mea ola, 3% ka paʻakai a me ka 1-2% protein, ʻaneʻane aniani ke aniani o ko lākou kino, me kahi ʻano iki. Neʻe lākou ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mākala a me ke ʻano e like me ka umbrella, bele a i ʻole kahi disk like me nā jelly. Aia nā tentacles ma nā lihi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, hiki iā lākou ke pōkole a paʻa a lōʻihi a lahilahi paha.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka helu o nā wana mai ʻehā a i ʻole mau haneli. Eia nō naʻe, e nui mau ana ka helu i ʻehā, ʻoiai ʻo nā lālā o kēia subtype he symmetry radial. I loko o nā wahi hoe o nā halelewa he lāʻau make, kahi mea kōkua nui i nā holoholona ke ʻimi holoholona.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i kekahi mau jellyfish species ke ʻeha no kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka make ʻana. Hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke pepehi a 60 kānaka me ka lāʻau make i loko o kekahi mau minuke.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao i waho he convex, e like me ka hemisphere, a maʻalahi. Hoʻohālikelike ka mea haʻahaʻa me he ʻeke, ma ka waena o laila he hāmama ka waha. I kekahi mau kānaka like ke ʻano o ka paipu, i kekahi ʻē aʻe pōkole a mānoanoa, i kekahi ʻano kalapu kona ʻano. Kōkua kēia lua i ka hemo ʻana i nā ʻōpala o ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole kū ka ulu ʻana o nā mea ola i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Pili ka nui i nā laha: ʻaʻole paha lākou i ʻoi aku i kekahi mau mile, a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i 2.5 mau mika i ke anawaena, a me nā tentacles, nā 30-37 mika āpau, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke koholā polū.
Nalo ka lolo a me ka noʻonoʻo. Eia nō naʻe, me ke kōkua o nā hunaola nerve, hoʻokaʻawale nā mea ola ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ka pouli. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ke ʻike. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e ālai i ka hopu holoholona a me ka pane ʻana i ka makaʻu. ʻĀlamalama kekahi poʻe i ka pouli a me ka uila a me ka ʻulaʻula a i ka hohonu hohonu.
ʻOiai he kino ke kino o nā jellyfish, ʻelua wale nō mau papa i hoʻohui ʻia, i pili ʻia kekahi i kekahi e mesogley - kahi lāʻau pākuʻi. Waho - ma luna o ia nā kumu o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me nā hunaola germ, kūloko - komo i ka digestion o ka meaʻai.
Ma hea e noho ai nā jellyfish?
Kiʻi: jellyfish i ka wai
Noho wale kēia mau meaola i loko o ka wai paʻakai, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hina ma luna o lākou e ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia kai a kai paha (koe wale nō nā kai o uka). Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kekahi manawa i nā loko iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole nā loko paʻakai ma nā moku koʻa.
ʻO kekahi mau lunamaka o kēia ʻano thermophilic a noho ma nā ʻili o nā waihona i hoʻomehana maikaʻi ʻia e ka lā, makemake lākou e pīpī i kahakai, ʻoiai makemake kekahi i nā wai anuanu a noho wale i ka hohonu. He ākea loa ka wahi - mai ka Arctic a i ke kai wela.
Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o nā jellyfish e noho nei i ka wai hou - Craspedacusta sowerbyi, ʻōiwi o nā ululāʻau Amazonian o ʻAmelika Hema. I kēia manawa ua kau ka laha ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo ʻApelika. Komo nā kānaka i ka nohona hou me nā holoholona i lawe ʻia a i ʻole nā mea kanu i waho o kā lākou pae maʻamau.
Hiki i nā mea make ke ola i nā aniau like ʻole a hiki i kekahi nui. Makemake nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i nā kahawai, nā awa, nā estuaries. He pilina maikaʻi kā Lagoon Jellyfish a me Blue Executer me nā limu unicellular, i hoʻopili ʻia i ke kino o nā holoholona a hiki ke hana i ka meaʻai mai ka ikehu o ka lā.
Hiki i nā Jellyfish ke hānai i kēia huahana, e paipai ana i ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis, no laila aia mau lākou ma ka ʻili o ka wai. Mālama ʻia nā kānaka o ka lāʻau mangrove i ka wai pāpaʻu i nā aʻa o nā mangrove i ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mexico. Noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ʻōpū i luna i mea e loaʻa ai ka limu i ka mālamalama e like me ka hiki.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai nā jellyfish. E nānā kāua i ka mea a lākou e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a nā jellyfish?
Kiʻi: Blue jellyfish
Manaʻo ʻia nā holoholona i nā predators nui loa ma ka honua. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o nā meaola digestive o kēia mau mea, komo ka meaʻai i ka lua o loko, kahi, me ke kōkua o nā enzyme kūikawā, hiki ke ʻeli i nā meaola palupalu.
ʻO ka papaʻai Jellyfish ka nui o ka plankton:
- nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- palai;
- caviar iʻa;
- zooplankton;
- nā hua manu o ke kai;
- kanaka liʻiliʻi.
Aia ka waha o nā holoholona ma lalo o ke kino bele. Mālama pū kekahi ia i nā huna huna mai ke kino. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻai makemake ʻole ʻia e ka lua like. Loaʻa lākou i nā pio me nā kaʻina dexterous. Aia kekahi mau ʻano i nā pūnaewele i kā lākou mau tentacles e hūnā ai i kahi mea maʻi lolo.
Nui nā jellyfish he hāhai hipa. Kali lākou i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia e ʻau i luna ponoʻī e kī aku iā lākou me kā lākou mau ʻoka. Hoʻokomo koke ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka lua e pili ana i ka waha e hāmama ana. He ʻauʻauʻau mākaukau loa kekahi ʻano a alualu i kā lākou mea pio "i ka lanakila."
Ma muli o ka nele o nā niho, ʻaʻohe mea kūpono e hopu i nā mea ola i ʻoi aku iā ʻoe iho. ʻAʻole hiki iā Medusa ke mama i ka meaʻai a alualu wale i ka mea e kūpono i kona waha. Hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe liʻiliʻi i ka mea hāʻawi ʻole i ke kūʻē, a ʻo ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ka nui e ʻimi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou mau hoa. ʻO nā meaola nui loa i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa e ʻai ma mua o 15 tausani iʻa.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻike i ke ʻano pio a lākou e alualu nei. No laila, ke kiʻi nei i ka mea pio e nā pua, manaʻo lākou ia. I kekahi mau laha, hūnā ʻia ka wai mai nā tentacles e pili pono iā lākou i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ʻaʻole e heʻe. Hoʻokomo kekahi ʻano laha i ka nui o ka wai a koho i ka meaʻai mai loko mai. ʻIke ʻia ʻo jellyfish Australia i 13 mau tone o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pink jellyfish
Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i kekahi poʻe ke kū i ke kai, hoʻokaʻawale nā kānaka noiʻi iā lākou ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o plankton. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau kūʻē i ke au wale nō ma ka pelu ʻana i ka malu a hoʻokuʻi i ka wai mai ke kino haʻahaʻa ma o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā mākala. Hoʻokū ka jet i hana ʻia i ke kino i mua. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau manaʻo locomotion i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻeke aia ma ke kaʻe o ka bele e hana ai ma ke ʻano he kaulike. Inā hāʻule ke kino i kona ʻaoʻao, hoʻomaka nā ʻaʻa no ke kuleana o ke aʻalolo a hoʻomaka ke kino. He paʻakikī e hūnā i ke kai ākea, no laila kōkua ka mālamalama e huna maikaʻi i ka wai. Kōkua kēia i mea e pale ʻole ai i ka ʻai i nā mea hōʻaiʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pio nā meaola i nā kānaka. Hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻeha i ka jellyfish ke holoi ʻia i uka.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i ka jellyfish ke hoʻoulu hou i nā ʻāpana o ke kino i nalo. Inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻoe iā lākou i ʻelua ʻāpana, e ola nā ʻāpana ʻelua a ola, huli i ʻelua mau mea like. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā larvae, e ʻike ʻia ka larva hoʻokahi.
ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke ola o nā holoholona. ʻO ka poʻe ʻoi loa o lākou e noho nei a hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō. Mālama ʻia ka ulu wikiwiki e kaʻai mau ʻana o ka meaʻai. Kūpono kekahi mau ʻano i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO nā jellyfish gula, e noho nei i ka Loko o nā jellyfish, pili i ke kai e nā tunnel malalo, e ʻau i ke kahakai hikina i ke kakahiaka a hoʻi i ke ahiahi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nani jellyfish
Hana kope ʻia nā mea kolohe i ka moekolohe a i ʻole nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻololi mua, ua oʻo ka sperm a me nā hua i nā gonad, a ma hope e puka i ka waha a momona, i ke kaʻina o kahi planula i hānau ʻia - he larva. Kūkulu koke ia i lalo a pili i kekahi ʻano pōhaku, a ma hope e hana ʻia kahi polyp, a laila, hoʻonui ʻia e ka ʻōpuʻu. Ma kahi polyp, hoʻopili ʻia nā meaola kaikamahine ma luna o kekahi. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi jellyfish piha, lele ʻo ia a lana. Hoʻohua kekahi ʻano i kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa iki: ʻaʻohe ka pae polyp, hānau ʻia nā keiki mai ka larva. I nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hana nā polyps i nā gonad a, ke kāpae nei i nā pae waena, ʻike ʻia nā pēpē mai iā lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Momona loa nā holoholona i hiki iā lākou ke kau ma mua o ke kanahā tausani mau hua i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hānai a ulu ka jellyfish hānau hou, e lilo i makua me nā ʻōpio oʻo a me ka makemake e hānau hou. No laila, ua paʻa ka pōʻaiapuni ola. Ma hope o ka hānau hou ʻana, make pinepine nā meaola - ʻai ʻia lākou e nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a i ʻole kiloi ʻia i uka.
ʻĀpala a poni paha nā glands hānau o nā kāne, melemele a ʻalani paha nā wahine. ʻO ka mālamalama o ke kala, ʻo ka ʻōpio ka mea. Pau ke kani i ka makahiki. Aia nā lālā hānau i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke kino i ke ʻano o nā petal.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka jellyfish
Kiʻi: Big jellyfish
Ke nānā nei i ka jellyfish, paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo e ʻai ana kekahi i kā lākou ʻiʻo, no ka mea, he ʻaneʻane puni nā holoholona i ka wai a liʻiliʻi ka ʻai i loko o lākou. A eia nō naʻe nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o nā meaola nā honu kai, nā heleuma, nā tuna, nā paʻa paʻa, nā iʻa moonfish, nā sālona, nā manō, a me kekahi mau manu.
Mea hoihoi: I Lūkia, ua kapa ʻia nā holoholona he heʻe kai. I Kina, Iāpana, Kōlea, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā jellyfish no ka meaʻai a kapa ʻia he ʻiʻo aniani. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka paʻakai ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Roma kahiko he mea ʻono ia a lawelawe ʻia ma nā papa i nā ʻahaʻaina.
No ka hapanui o nā iʻa, he ana kūpono ka jellyfish a hānai iā lākou ma muli o ka nele o ka mea ʻai hou aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi laha, ʻo nā mea gelatinous ka meaʻai nui. Paipai kahi nohona noho i ka iʻa e ʻai i nā iʻa jellyfish, ana kaukau ʻia me ke kahe.
He ʻenemi lahilahi ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia mau mea ola, kahi pale maikaʻi e kūʻē i nā tentacles ʻūlū. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻai ʻana e nā ʻāpana he mea ʻokoʻa ia: ale lākou i ka jellyfish liʻiliʻi holoʻokoʻa, a i ka nui o nā kānaka nahu lākou i nā umbrellas ma nā ʻaoʻao. I ka loko o nā jellyfish, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā meaola, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou ola a me ka hana hou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: jellyfish nunui
No nā kupa āpau o ke kai, he kumu maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻohaumia, akā ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka jellyfish. I kēia mau lā, ke ulu nei ka heluna nui o nā holoholona i nā kihi a pau o ka honua me ka kū ʻole. Ua nānā ka poʻe ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui o British Columbia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā mea ola i ka moana.
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi he 138 mau ʻano jellyfish mai ka makahiki 1960. Ua hōʻiliʻili nā mea kūlohelohe i ka ʻikepili mai 45 o 66 nā kaiaolaola. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ma 62% o nā panalāʻau, ua hoʻonui nui ka lehulehu i kēia manawa. Eia kekahi, ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele, ke kahakai ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, nā kai o ʻAsia Hikina, nā Pae ʻĀina a me Antarctica.
ʻOi aku ka hauʻoli o ka nūhou e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna lehulehu inā ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka uhaʻi ʻana i ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Jellyfish i mea e hōʻino ai i ka ʻoihana iʻa, akā hoʻohiki hoʻi i ka puhi ʻana i ka poʻe ʻauʻau, hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic, a ke komo i loko o nā wai i loaʻa i nā moku.
I ka pae Pākīpika o Palau i ka loko Jellyfish, me kahi ʻehā o 460x160 mau mika, ma kahi o ʻelua miliona mauʻano gula a me nā mahina o nā mea gelatinous e noho nei. ʻAʻohe mea e keʻakeʻa i kā lākou ulu ʻana, koe wale no ka poʻe makemake e ʻau i kahi loko e like me nā jelly. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka nui kikoʻī, no ka mea, ke kīkī wale nei kēia wai me nā mea aniani moakaka.
Palekana Jellyfish
Kiʻi: Medusa mai ka Red Book
ʻOiai ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka helu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, pono e pale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano. Ma ke kenekulia 20, ua like ʻo Odessia maeotica a me Olindias inexpectata, inā ʻaʻole maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomaka ka emi o ka helu ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka paʻakai o ke kai a me ka hoʻohaumia nui, ma ke kai o Azov. ʻO ka ʻelemakule ʻana o nā kino wai a me kā lākou māʻona me nā mea biogenic i alakaʻi aku ai i ka nalowale ʻana o nā ʻano Odessia maeotica mai ke komohana ʻākau o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. Ua pau ʻo Olindias inexpectata e loaʻa ma nā kahakai Romanian a me Bulgarian o ke kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov.
Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano i loko o ka puke ʻula o Ukraine, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai lākou i ka mahele o nā ʻano mea aneane pau, a me ka puke ʻula o ke Kai ʻEleʻele me ka mahele o nā ʻano nāwaliwali. I kēia manawa, haʻahaʻa loa ka helu i loaʻa wale ai kekahi mau kanaka. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, i kekahi manawa ma ke kai ʻo Taganrog Bay o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ua lilo nā meaola i mea nui o ka zooplankton.
No ka mālama ʻana i nā laha a me ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou lehulehu, koi ʻia ka pale ʻana i nā wahi noho a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā waihona wai. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā helu he hōʻailona ia o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka mokuʻāina o ke kaiaola kai. I Korea, ua hoʻoholo kekahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi e hakakā i ka pilikia me nā robots e hei ai i nā mea ola ma ka ʻupena.
I ka moʻohelu mōʻalihaku jellyfish ua kūpale wale mai me ka ʻole o nā ʻano hoʻololi. Ma muli o ka pono o nā mea ola i nā mea ola āpau e ola, ʻaʻohe paha e loaʻa kekahi ʻano hoʻololi me ka ʻole o nā ʻano hoʻomohala Wahi a nā ʻike, aia mau nā jellyfish i ko lākou ʻano o kēia manawa mai ka lā o kā lākou hana ʻia e ke Akua ma ka lā 5th o ka pule (Genesis 1:21).
Lā paʻi: 21.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 18:27
